Shil Amayesh Consulting Engineering CompanyJournal of Animal Environment2717-13883420120121A faunestic study of reptiles and amphibian of Sarigol National Park, in Northern Khorasan provinceA faunestic study of reptiles and amphibian of Sarigol National Park, in Northern Khorasan province110102949FAMohammad TaghdisiScience and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, P.O.Box: 14515-775 Tehran, IranHaji Gholi KamiFaculty of Science, Golestan University, P.O.Box: 155 Gorgan, IranMohammad KaboliFaculty of Natural Resources, Tehran University, P.O.Box: 4111 Karaj, IranMahmood KaramiScience and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, P.O.Box: 14515-775 Tehran, IranJournal Article20111029<span>Fauna of reptiles and amphibian of Sarigol National Park studied from spring 2009 to autumn 2011. For this reason, 140 quadrat 200 ×200 meter district level choose accidentally and sampling during transect route 200 meter line in center of these quadrats. Sampling recognition has been done based on bimetric and meristic measurement and according to available valid recognition keys. In this research, from reptiles order 22 species, 20 species and 11 family and from amphibian 2 species, 2 genus and 2 family were identified. Oligodon taeniolatus, Lytorhynchus ridgewayi, Gloydius halys and Bunopus crassicaudus species reported for the first time from Northern Khorasan province.</span><span>Fauna of reptiles and amphibian of Sarigol National Park studied from spring 2009 to autumn 2011. For this reason, 140 quadrat 200 ×200 meter district level choose accidentally and sampling during transect route 200 meter line in center of these quadrats. Sampling recognition has been done based on bimetric and meristic measurement and according to available valid recognition keys. In this research, from reptiles order 22 species, 20 species and 11 family and from amphibian 2 species, 2 genus and 2 family were identified. Oligodon taeniolatus, Lytorhynchus ridgewayi, Gloydius halys and Bunopus crassicaudus species reported for the first time from Northern Khorasan province.</span>http://www.aejournal.ir/article_102949_1745247d95017656de649cf69d9b24bf.pdfShil Amayesh Consulting Engineering CompanyJournal of Animal Environment2717-13883420120121Toxicity effect of cryoprotectant including: Glycerol, DMSO and Acetamide on Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) embryosToxicity effect of cryoprotectant including: Glycerol, DMSO and Acetamide on Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) embryos1118102950FASaeeideh KeivanlooFaculty of Fisheries and Environment, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources P.O.Box: 49138-15739 Gorgan, IranMohammad SudagarFaculty of Fisheries and Environment, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources P.O.Box: 49138-15739 Gorgan, IranJournal Article20110721<span>Embryo cryopreservation means substantiation of the body water with a cryoprotectant. In this study, Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) in two stages of embryonic development (24 and 48h post-fertilization) were exposed to various cryoprotectants including: glycerol, acetamide and dimethyl sulfoxid (DMSO) in concentration ranging from 1 to 6M for an equilibration period of 5 and 10 minutes. Embryos were then washed and incubated until hatched. Our results indicated that different concentrations of DMSO had less toxicity compared to glycerol and acetamide. Moreover, embryos could tolerate DMSO in high concentrations. Acetamid was found to be the most toxic as hatching rate decreased in high concentration of 3 and 4M in stages of embryonic developmental 24 and 48h post-fertilization, respectively. As concentrations were increased, hatching rate decreased (except DMSO in stage of 24h post-fertilization). Similarly, hatching rates of embryos were decreased as the exposure time increased (5 to 10 min). Twenty four hour embryos showed less sensitivity to DMSO and glycerol than to 48h embryos. With the increasing of the embryonic development sensitivity to acetamide were increased and hatching rates showed decreasing trend (hatching rate reached to 0% in concentrations above 3M).</span><span>Embryo cryopreservation means substantiation of the body water with a cryoprotectant. In this study, Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) in two stages of embryonic development (24 and 48h post-fertilization) were exposed to various cryoprotectants including: glycerol, acetamide and dimethyl sulfoxid (DMSO) in concentration ranging from 1 to 6M for an equilibration period of 5 and 10 minutes. Embryos were then washed and incubated until hatched. Our results indicated that different concentrations of DMSO had less toxicity compared to glycerol and acetamide. Moreover, embryos could tolerate DMSO in high concentrations. Acetamid was found to be the most toxic as hatching rate decreased in high concentration of 3 and 4M in stages of embryonic developmental 24 and 48h post-fertilization, respectively. As concentrations were increased, hatching rate decreased (except DMSO in stage of 24h post-fertilization). Similarly, hatching rates of embryos were decreased as the exposure time increased (5 to 10 min). Twenty four hour embryos showed less sensitivity to DMSO and glycerol than to 48h embryos. With the increasing of the embryonic development sensitivity to acetamide were increased and hatching rates showed decreasing trend (hatching rate reached to 0% in concentrations above 3M).</span>http://www.aejournal.ir/article_102950_2faa580cd7a2011d2b444397f3731e15.pdfShil Amayesh Consulting Engineering CompanyJournal of Animal Environment2717-13883420120121Species diversity survey of flowerflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) in Firuzkuh CountySpecies diversity survey of flowerflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) in Firuzkuh County1932102951FASayed Amir AhmadianFaculty of Biology Sciences, Islamic Azad University, North Branch, Tehran, IranShahrokh Pashaei RadFaculty of Biology Sciences, Shahid Beheshty University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20110521<span>The Syrphidae family is one of the largest families of Diptera which known as hoverfly and flowerfly in the world. This family is consists of 3 sub families and 15 tribes and about 6000 species. Flowerflies in imago stage feed entirely on nectar and pollen while some species in larval stage feed on aphids. They play an important role in biological control. In present study, species diversity investigation was carried out in Firuzkuh County, during 2009-2010. Then ecological indices including: Measures of heterogeneity Simpson and Shannon-winer, measures of evenness Simpson, Camargo and Smith-Wilson, species richness, Variance and standard deviation were estimated. Adult specimens were collected with sweeping net and specimens were transferred to laboratory in Shahid Beheshti University, and by using identification keys such as: Stubs & Falk,1996; Bi-Bienko, 1988 and Speigh & Sarthou, 2008 were identified. For confirmation we sent the species to Dr. Barkalov from Russia and were confirmed. In totally, we collected 25 species from 2 sub families of Syrphinae and Eristalinae</span><span>The Syrphidae family is one of the largest families of Diptera which known as hoverfly and flowerfly in the world. This family is consists of 3 sub families and 15 tribes and about 6000 species. Flowerflies in imago stage feed entirely on nectar and pollen while some species in larval stage feed on aphids. They play an important role in biological control. In present study, species diversity investigation was carried out in Firuzkuh County, during 2009-2010. Then ecological indices including: Measures of heterogeneity Simpson and Shannon-winer, measures of evenness Simpson, Camargo and Smith-Wilson, species richness, Variance and standard deviation were estimated. Adult specimens were collected with sweeping net and specimens were transferred to laboratory in Shahid Beheshti University, and by using identification keys such as: Stubs & Falk,1996; Bi-Bienko, 1988 and Speigh & Sarthou, 2008 were identified. For confirmation we sent the species to Dr. Barkalov from Russia and were confirmed. In totally, we collected 25 species from 2 sub families of Syrphinae and Eristalinae</span>http://www.aejournal.ir/article_102951_b844270549eb08e7de45362e8c3edde2.pdfShil Amayesh Consulting Engineering CompanyJournal of Animal Environment2717-13883420120121Effects of replacing fish meal with plant protein on growth performance, feed utilization and muscle fatty acid profile of rainbow trout (Oncorhynshus mykiss)Effects of replacing fish meal with plant protein on growth performance, feed utilization and muscle fatty acid profile of rainbow trout (Oncorhynshus mykiss)3342102952FAReza JaliliUrmia University, Faculty of Natural Resources, Department of Fisheries, Iran0009-0002-2460-1567Naser AghArtemia and Aquatic Animals Research Institute, Uremia University, P.O. Box: 57153-165 Uremia, IranFarzaneh NooriArtemia and Aquatic Animals Research Institute, Uremia University, P.O. Box: 57153-165 Uremia, IranMaria MohseniDepartment of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, Uremia University, P.O. Box: 57153-165 Uremia, IranAhmad EmaniDepartment of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, P.O. Box: 31585-4314 Karaj, IranJournal Article20110721<span>The present study was performed to elucidate the probable effects of higher levels of replacing fish meal with plant protein on growth performance, feed utilization indices and muscle fatty acid profile of rainbow trout. 700 fish with average weight of 15±2g were distributed into 12 (300L) tanks (50 fish/tank) and cultured for 60 days using experimental diets. Fish meal was substituted by plant protein at three levels of 40, 70, and 100% along with a control diet. Results showed that 40% fish meal replacement with plant protein did not have negative effects on growth indices (final weight: 69.0±2.0g, feed utilization and muscle proximate composition compared to control group (final weight: 71.1±2.0g). However, replacing fish meal with 70% and 100% plant protein showed significantly decreased in final weight 56.9±1.0 and 47.9±3.0 grams, respectively, feed conversion ratio, protein content of fillets, protein and lipid productive values and protein efficiency ratio (P<0.05). Higher fish meal replacement with plant protein concomitantly resulted in significant increase of C18:2n-6 and C18:3n-3 in fillets compared to fish fed with control diet (P<0.05).</span><span>The present study was performed to elucidate the probable effects of higher levels of replacing fish meal with plant protein on growth performance, feed utilization indices and muscle fatty acid profile of rainbow trout. 700 fish with average weight of 15±2g were distributed into 12 (300L) tanks (50 fish/tank) and cultured for 60 days using experimental diets. Fish meal was substituted by plant protein at three levels of 40, 70, and 100% along with a control diet. Results showed that 40% fish meal replacement with plant protein did not have negative effects on growth indices (final weight: 69.0±2.0g, feed utilization and muscle proximate composition compared to control group (final weight: 71.1±2.0g). However, replacing fish meal with 70% and 100% plant protein showed significantly decreased in final weight 56.9±1.0 and 47.9±3.0 grams, respectively, feed conversion ratio, protein content of fillets, protein and lipid productive values and protein efficiency ratio (P<0.05). Higher fish meal replacement with plant protein concomitantly resulted in significant increase of C18:2n-6 and C18:3n-3 in fillets compared to fish fed with control diet (P<0.05).</span>http://www.aejournal.ir/article_102952_d604848a259de3ef1fc2bbabd794b310.pdfShil Amayesh Consulting Engineering CompanyJournal of Animal Environment2717-13883420120121Genetic diversity of the gazelle (gazella subgutturosa) populations of Mond and Dime protected areasGenetic diversity of the gazelle (gazella subgutturosa) populations of Mond and Dime protected areas4346102953FASiamak Yousefi SiahkalroodiFaculty of Biological Sciences, Varamin Pishva branch, Islamic Azad University, Varamin Pishva, Iran0000-0002-8729-4050Journal Article20110519<span>The six microsatellite markers were used to study inter and intra populations genetic diversity of gazelles (Gazella subgutturosa) of Mond and Dime Protected areas, Fecal samples were used for DNA extraction. Statistical analysis for determining different parameters was implemented using statistical software after loci amplifying by PCR and genotyping. In this research, among the studied loci, 33HDZ749 locus had the highest number of alleles (4 alleles) and the other loci had the lowest number of alleles (2 alleles). The highest level of Polymorphic information content was observed in 33HDZ749 locus. The phylogenetic studies showed, the genetic distance between two populations by Nei method was estimated 0.752. In this study, all loci were indicating Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P<0.05).</span><span>The six microsatellite markers were used to study inter and intra populations genetic diversity of gazelles (Gazella subgutturosa) of Mond and Dime Protected areas, Fecal samples were used for DNA extraction. Statistical analysis for determining different parameters was implemented using statistical software after loci amplifying by PCR and genotyping. In this research, among the studied loci, 33HDZ749 locus had the highest number of alleles (4 alleles) and the other loci had the lowest number of alleles (2 alleles). The highest level of Polymorphic information content was observed in 33HDZ749 locus. The phylogenetic studies showed, the genetic distance between two populations by Nei method was estimated 0.752. In this study, all loci were indicating Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P<0.05).</span>http://www.aejournal.ir/article_102953_4380705cd41d2786ba9f315a5ac08e84.pdfShil Amayesh Consulting Engineering CompanyJournal of Animal Environment2717-13883420120121Identification of intertidal Brachyuran crabs of the northwest of Chabahar Bay (Oman Sea) as a mangrove ecosystemIdentification of intertidal Brachyuran crabs of the northwest of Chabahar Bay (Oman Sea) as a mangrove ecosystem4754102955FANegar GhotbeddinIslamic Azad University, Research and Science Branch of Khuzestan P.O.Box: 163 Ahwaz, IranSeyed Mohammad Reza FatemiResearch & Science Branch, Islamic Azad University, P.O.Box: 14515-775 Tehran, IranTooraj ValinassabIranian Fisheries Research Organization, P.O.Box: 13155-6116 Tehran, Iran0000-0002-4825-5024Journal Article20110720<span>Specimens of the Brachyura (8 species) belonged to 5 families including: Camptandriidae, Dotillidae, Ocypodidae, Macrophthalmidae and Varunidae were carried out at northwest of Chabahar Bay in intertidal zones of Sistan and Baluchistan coast (north of Oman Gulf) in spring 2011. The specimens were collected using hand and sometimes by using a scoop net and preserved in 70% alcohol, shipped to the laboratory and identified by using identification keys. Diagnostic characteristics of these species were investigated too.</span><span>Specimens of the Brachyura (8 species) belonged to 5 families including: Camptandriidae, Dotillidae, Ocypodidae, Macrophthalmidae and Varunidae were carried out at northwest of Chabahar Bay in intertidal zones of Sistan and Baluchistan coast (north of Oman Gulf) in spring 2011. The specimens were collected using hand and sometimes by using a scoop net and preserved in 70% alcohol, shipped to the laboratory and identified by using identification keys. Diagnostic characteristics of these species were investigated too.</span>http://www.aejournal.ir/article_102955_14063da7828f3fee609d0c1870b91b87.pdfShil Amayesh Consulting Engineering CompanyJournal of Animal Environment2717-13883420120121Pathological lesions and enzyme changes in liver tissue of mice induced by injection of new designed nanoemulsionPathological lesions and enzyme changes in liver tissue of mice induced by injection of new designed nanoemulsion5562102965FAAdeleh DivsalarDepartment of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, P.O.Box: 37551-31979 Tehran, IranZohre ZareDepartment of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, P.O.Box: 37551-31979 Tehran, IranJournal Article20110819<span>In present study, we have investigated the toxicity of a new designed nanoemulsion on mice liver.A total number of 60 male mice with the average weight of 30-40g were selected. The experiment groups of mice received 500ML nanoemulsion via I.P. injection and after interval times of 1, 5 and 10 days, toxicity studies were done using histochemical techniques and assay of different liver enzymes (ALT, AST and ALP) in all groups. Results of histochemical studies did not show significant changes in the numbers of Kupfer and hepatocyte cells and ports diameters; whereas the organization of liver cells was changed, which considered as a side effect of nanoemulsion. Also, results of liver enzymes did not show significant difference in experiment groups relative to control (P>0.05). According t resultos, we can be concluded that new designed nanoemulsion (500 ML) had not serious side effects on mice, and then this nanoemulsion might act as a drug carrier especially anticancer drugs.</span><span>In present study, we have investigated the toxicity of a new designed nanoemulsion on mice liver.A total number of 60 male mice with the average weight of 30-40g were selected. The experiment groups of mice received 500ML nanoemulsion via I.P. injection and after interval times of 1, 5 and 10 days, toxicity studies were done using histochemical techniques and assay of different liver enzymes (ALT, AST and ALP) in all groups. Results of histochemical studies did not show significant changes in the numbers of Kupfer and hepatocyte cells and ports diameters; whereas the organization of liver cells was changed, which considered as a side effect of nanoemulsion. Also, results of liver enzymes did not show significant difference in experiment groups relative to control (P>0.05). According t resultos, we can be concluded that new designed nanoemulsion (500 ML) had not serious side effects on mice, and then this nanoemulsion might act as a drug carrier especially anticancer drugs.</span>http://www.aejournal.ir/article_102965_77685a95f594f402320364bdc12a771f.pdfShil Amayesh Consulting Engineering CompanyJournal of Animal Environment2717-13883420120121Assessing the antioxidant enzymes activity as biomarkers of oil pollution in mudskipper (Periophthalmus waltoni) from Bushehr coastal area waters (Persian Gulf)Assessing the antioxidant enzymes activity as biomarkers of oil pollution in mudskipper (Periophthalmus waltoni) from Bushehr coastal area waters (Persian Gulf)6372102966FAMehrnoosh ShiraniDepartment of Fisheries Faculty of Natural Resources College of Agriculture & Natural Resources,University of Tehran, KarajAlireza MirvaghefiDepartment of Fisheries Faculty of Natural Resources College of Agriculture & Natural Resources,University of Tehran, KarajHamid FarahmandDepartment of Fisheries Faculty of Natural Resources College of Agriculture & Natural Resources,University of Tehran, KarajMohammad AbdollahiDepartment of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O.Box: 14155-5583 Tehran, IranJournal Article20110620<span>Persian Gulf is known as an area with great amounts of oil reservoirs and due to this fact it has lots of harmful effects; so monitoring of this area is very important and it needs simple methods that reduce cost. Catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR) as antioxidant enzymatic biomarkers were assayed in liver of mudskipper Periophthalmus waltoni in 3 different stations in Bushehr coastal waters: Soltani Inlet, Shif Island and Ameri Port which showed significant differences (P<0.05) of enzyme activity in Soltani Inlet samples. Differentiation with sexes were not significant in three stations. 1-hydroxypyrene in bile of samples showed high and significant (P<0.05) amounts of oil pollution in Soltani Inlet in compare with two other stations. These three biomarkers were verified each other and have the potential of using in future studies.</span><span>Persian Gulf is known as an area with great amounts of oil reservoirs and due to this fact it has lots of harmful effects; so monitoring of this area is very important and it needs simple methods that reduce cost. Catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR) as antioxidant enzymatic biomarkers were assayed in liver of mudskipper Periophthalmus waltoni in 3 different stations in Bushehr coastal waters: Soltani Inlet, Shif Island and Ameri Port which showed significant differences (P<0.05) of enzyme activity in Soltani Inlet samples. Differentiation with sexes were not significant in three stations. 1-hydroxypyrene in bile of samples showed high and significant (P<0.05) amounts of oil pollution in Soltani Inlet in compare with two other stations. These three biomarkers were verified each other and have the potential of using in future studies.</span>http://www.aejournal.ir/article_102966_e75d49c6b290027e3b5977c158268656.pdfShil Amayesh Consulting Engineering CompanyJournal of Animal Environment2717-13883420120121Study of benthic foraminifera abundance in the sediments of southern Caspian Sea from Fereidoonkenar to BabolsarStudy of benthic foraminifera abundance in the sediments of southern Caspian Sea from Fereidoonkenar to Babolsar7378102967FAMina SadoughDepartment of Fisheries, Islamic Azad University, Babol Branch, P.O.Box: 755 Babol, IranHamed ManouchehriDepartment of Fisheries, Islamic Azad University, Babol Branch, P.O.Box: 755 Babol, IranBabak MoghaddasiDepartment of Natural Resources, Savadkooh Branch, Islamic Azad University, P.O.Box: 155 Savadkooh, IranFatemeh GhaneDepartment of Fisheries, Islamic Azad University, Babol Branch, P.O.Box: 755 Babol, IranJournal Article20110914<span>In order to study benthic Foraminifera abundance in southern coast of Caspian Sea (Fereidoonkenar to Babolsar), sediment samples were gathered with Vanvin Grab from 12 stations (3 transects and each of them contains the depth 5, 10, 15 and 20 meters) in spring 2011. Environmental conditions of water near the bottom including: Temperature, dissolved oxygen and salinity were measured during sampling and analysis of grain size and counting of benthic forms were done in laboratory and their relationship with the Foraminifera communities was studied. Water temperature (20/2-22°C), dissolved oxygen (6.40–8.60mg/l) was measured and salinity with not too much difference was (10/6–11ppt). Structure of the bottom sediment mostly consisted of fine sand; very fine sand, silt and clay. These benthic Foraminifera were observed in all stations and they had the most abundance among the other meiobenthose and the cosmopolitan Foraminifera, Ammonia beccarii caspica was the dominant species and was present in all sampling stations. Density of benthic forms had a positive correlation with temperature, dissolved oxygen and salinity and had a significantly correlation with grain size, that their density were increased with adding silt and clay rate. The structure of the sediments, dissolved oxygen and temperature seemed to be the most important abiotic factors for controlling the abundance of benthic Foraminifera in the sampling stations.</span><span>In order to study benthic Foraminifera abundance in southern coast of Caspian Sea (Fereidoonkenar to Babolsar), sediment samples were gathered with Vanvin Grab from 12 stations (3 transects and each of them contains the depth 5, 10, 15 and 20 meters) in spring 2011. Environmental conditions of water near the bottom including: Temperature, dissolved oxygen and salinity were measured during sampling and analysis of grain size and counting of benthic forms were done in laboratory and their relationship with the Foraminifera communities was studied. Water temperature (20/2-22°C), dissolved oxygen (6.40–8.60mg/l) was measured and salinity with not too much difference was (10/6–11ppt). Structure of the bottom sediment mostly consisted of fine sand; very fine sand, silt and clay. These benthic Foraminifera were observed in all stations and they had the most abundance among the other meiobenthose and the cosmopolitan Foraminifera, Ammonia beccarii caspica was the dominant species and was present in all sampling stations. Density of benthic forms had a positive correlation with temperature, dissolved oxygen and salinity and had a significantly correlation with grain size, that their density were increased with adding silt and clay rate. The structure of the sediments, dissolved oxygen and temperature seemed to be the most important abiotic factors for controlling the abundance of benthic Foraminifera in the sampling stations.</span>http://www.aejournal.ir/article_102967_ef0c2b6ec437b187cbb37d2aa8d71904.pdf