برآورد انرژی قابل متابولیسم نگه داری و نیاز روزانه نشخوارکنندگان کوچک وحشی چرا کننده در پارک ملی لار

نوع مقاله : تغذیه

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد ورامین- پیشوا، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ورامین، ایران

2 گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

اطلاع از نیاز مواد مغذی روزانه دام‌ های چرا کننده در مراتع مناطق مختلف آب و هوایی، به ­منظور محاسبه ظرفیت چرا در طرح ‌های مرتعداری، ضروری است. در همین راستا، نیاز انرژی قابل متابولیسم روزانه در سطح نگه ­داری برای نشخوارکنندگان کوچک وحشی چرا کننده در مراتع پارک ملی لار بررسی شد. برای این منظور با توجه به میانگین مقادیر شاخص‌ های کیفیت علوفه گونه‌ های مرتعی و سهم آن ­ها در ترکیب گیاهی مرتع، مقدار انرژی قابل متابولیسم در کیلوگرم علوفه خشک مراتع مورد چرا برآورد شد و با مد نظر قرار دادن نیاز انرژی قابل متابولیسم روزانه نشخوارکنندگان کوچک وحشی، مقدار علوفه تأمین کننده نیاز روزانه دام برای محاسبه ظرفیت چرای جداگانه این حیوانات در مراتع منطقه برآورد گردید. با استفاده از وزن واحد دامی نشخوارکنندگان کوچک وحشی، میزان انرژی قابل متابولیسم نگه ­داری مورد نیاز روزانه دام­ های چرا کننده با دو روش معادله  MAFF و جدول NRC در مراتع مورد مطالعه تعیین شد. گونه‌ های علوفه مورد چرای دام­ ها در مرحله گل ‌دهی در مراتع مورد مطالعه شناسایی و جمع ‌آوری شد و میانگین درصد CP، ADF، DMD و میزان ME  (مگاژول) آن­ ها در هر کیلوگرم علوفه خشک مراتع به ­ترتیب برابر با 0/17±12/42، 0/28±37/59، 0/28±57/81 و 0/07±7/89 مگاژول تعیین شد. هم­ چنین میزان انرژی قابل متابولیسم روزانه برای این دام ­ها نظیر: بز نر، بز ماده، قوچ و میش به ­ترتیب برابر با 1/25±16/32، 1/36±14/07، 1/37±13/67 و 1/21±11/58 مگاژول در روز و نیاز روزانه آن ­ها براساس ماده خشک مصرفی به ­ترتیب برابر با 0/25±2/06، 0/12±1/78، 0/17±1/71 و 0/25±1/46 کیلوگرم برآورد گردید. با استفاده از نتایج این مطالعه می­ توان ظرفیت جدید و جداگانه چرا را برای نشخوار کنندگان وحشی در مناطق مورد مطالعه تعیین کرد.هم­ چنین نتایج نشان داد به ­دلیل هزینه بر بودن تعیین کیفیت علوفه، می‌توان از نتایج مذکور به ­منظور برآورد نیاز روزانه این دام ­ها در سال‌ های مختلف استفاده کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The estimation of maintenance metabolizable energy and daily requirements of small wild ruminants grazing in Lar National Park

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hadi Mansouri khah 1
  • Mohammad Chamani 2
  • Naser Karimi 1
  • Ghobad Asgari Jafarabadi 1
  • Kazem Karimi 1
1 Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Iran
2 Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Knowledge of the daily nutrient requirements of grazing animals in rangelands of different climates is essential to calculate grazing capacity in rangeland plans. In this regard, the daily metabolizable energy requirement at the maintenance level for small wild ruminants grazing in Lar National Park rangelands were studied. For this purpose, according to the average values of forage quality indexes of rangeland species and their contribution to rangeland vegetable composition, the among of metabolizable energy was estimated in kg of dry forage rangelands and considering the daily metabolizable energy requirement of small wild ruminants, the amount of feed provided for the daily requirement of livestock was calculated to calculate the separate grazing capacity of these animals in the rangelands of the region. Using the animal unit weight of small wild ruminants, the required daily maintenance metabolizable energy for grazing animals were determined using equation method of MAFF and NRC standard in the studied rangelands. Forage species of grazing animals were identified and collected at flowering stage in the studied rangelands. Results also showed mean of percentage 12.42±0.17, 37.59±0.28, 57.81±0.28
and 7.89±0.07 were respectively for CP, ADF, DMD and ME (MJ) per kg dry forage was estimated. Also Daily metabolizable energy was calculated for grazing wild ruminants such as: male goat, female goat, ram and ewe. The results also showed daily metabolizable energy were 16.32±1.25, 14.07±1.36, 13.67±1.15 and 11.58±1.21 MJ/day and for daily requirement 2.06±0.25, 1.78±0.12, 1.71±0.17 and 1.46±0.25, respectively for male goat, female goat, ram and ewe.  Using the results of this study, we can determine the new and separate grazing capacity for wild ruminants in the study areas. The results also showed that because of the cost of determining the quality of forage, these results can be used to estimate the daily requirement of these livestock in different years.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Daily requirement
  • Small wild ruminants
  • Lar national park
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