شناسایی متغییرهای محیطی تاثیرگذار بر توزیع گونه چکاوک گندم زار (Melanocorypha calandra) در منطقه داغ تنوع زیستی ایران-آناتولی

نوع مقاله : تنوع زیستی

نویسندگان

گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

چکیده

تغییرات اقلیمی، کاربری اراضی و عوامل انسانی از جمله محرک­ های اصلی تغییرات تنوع زیستی در قرن حاضر به­ شمار می ­روند. به گونه­ ای که اکثر مطالعات انجام گرفته در دهه­ های اخیر این واقعیت را در مطالعات خود نشان داده­ اند. زیستگاه­ های استپی از جمله زیستگاه ­هایی می ­باشند، که به­ شدت تحت تاثیر عوامل ذکر شده هستند. لذا مطالعه حاضر با هدف شناسایی مهم ترین متغیرهای اقلیمی، پوشش سرزمینی و انسانی بر توزیع گونه چکاوک گندم ­زار در محدوده منطقه داغ تنوع زیستی ایرانو-آناتولی انجام گرفت. از گونه چکاوک گندم­ زار به­ عنوان یک گونه شاخص از پرندگان علف ­زار در مدل ­سازی ­ها استفاده شد تا بتوان نحوه تاثیرپذیری سایر پرندگان هم ­زیستگاه را پیش ­بینی نمود. پس از جمع­ آوری نقاط حضور گونه در محدوده مورد مطالعه، مدل ­سازی زیستگاه گونه با وارد کردن لایه ­های اقلیمی، محیطی و انسانی و با استفاده از مدل حداکثر آنتروپی (MaxEnt) در فضای پکیج مدل ­سازی sdm انجام شد. نتایج حاصل از تجزیه و تحلیل­ ها و مدل ­سازی ­ها نشان داد که این گونه عمدتا ًوابسته به زیستگاه ­های غرب، شمال و مرکز منطقه ایرانو-اناتولی است. هم ­چنین فاکتور میانگین بارش سالیانه، میانگین تغییرات فصلی بارش و ردپای انسانی توانستند در مجموع 80 درصد در پیش ­بینی زیستگاه ­های مطلوب برای چکاوک گندم ­زار نقش داشته باشند. در مجموع به ­نظر می ­رسد که کشاورزی فشرده و تغییر الگوهای بارشی در دهه ­های اخیر از جمله موارد تاثیرگذار بر انتخاب زیستگاه پرندگان علف ­زار هستند. لذا جهت حفاظت از این گونه ­ها بایستی توجهات لازم به فاکتورهای ذکر شده در مدیریت سرزمینی صورت گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Identifying effective environmental variables on distribution of Clandra Lark (Melanocorypha calandra) in Iran-Anatolian biodiversity hotspot

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sayyad Sheykhi ilanloo
  • Sohrab Ashrafi
  • Afshin Alizadeh Shabani
Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

Climate change, land use, and human-factor are some of the most important biodiversity changes currently, as many of the surveys through the recent decades have shown the fact. Steppe habitats are one of the most impressed habitats by the mentioned elements. So this study aims to identify the most important climate variables, land cover and human cover on distribution of Clandra Lark in biodiversity hot spot, Iran-Anatoly. Clandra Lark is used as one of the Indicator species of farm land birds in modeling in order to predict how other birds of the same habitat get influenced. We modeled the habitat for the Clandra lark after assembling presence point of this species in study area, and by the use of climatical, environmental, and human elements, and the Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) in the Modeling Package (SDM). Analysis and modeling data show that this species is largely dependent on the habitats of west, north and central of Irano-Anatolian region. Also average annual rain and average seasonal rain changes, and human footprint provided about 80 percent of the prediction process respectively. Totally agricultural intensification and changing the rain pattern seem to be one of the most effective elements on choosing the farm land birds’ habitat. Therefore, in order to protect these species we should notice the mentioned elements in land management.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biodiversity
  • Iran
  • Turkey
  • Habitat management
  • Modeling
  • Clandra Lark

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فصلنامه محیط زیست جانوری
دوره 12، شماره 3
مهر 1399
صفحه 77-84

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