تاثیر عصاره الکلی گیاه زنیان (Trachyspermum ammi L) بر عملکرد رشد، فراسنجه های خونی و ایمنی ماهی قزل آلای رنگین کمان (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

نوع مقاله : تغذیه

نویسندگان

1 گروه شیلات، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

2 گروه بهداشت آبزیان، دانشکده دامپزشکی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

چکیده

در این تحقیق تاثیر عصاره گیاه زنیان (Trachyspermum ammi L) بر شاخص‌ های رشد و ایمنی ماهی قزل ­آلای رنگین ­کمان (Oncorhynchus mykiss) مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. در این بررسی 600 قطعه ماهی قزل ­آلا با میانگین وزنی اولیه 7±58 با جیره‌ های غذایی به ­ترتیب حاوی 0/5، 1/5 و 2/5 درصد عصاره زنیان و گروه شاهد با جیره فاقد عصاره تغذیه گردیدند. در پایان دوره، شاخص ‌های رشد، خون­ شناسی و ایمنی براساس فرمول‌ های استاندارد محاسبه و با استفاده از آزمون توکی آنالیز انجام گردید. در گروه ماهیانی که 2/5 درصد عصاره زنیان دریافت کرده بودند شاخص ‌های رشد مانند افزایش وزن، نرخ رشد ویژه، وزن نهایی و شاخص وضعیت نسبت به گروه شاهد به­ طور معنی­ داری بالاتر به ­دست آمد (0/05>p ). براساس نتایج به ­دست آمده از پارامترهای خون ­شناسی‌، تیمار تغذیه شده با 2/5 درصد عصاره زنیان دارای بیش ­ترین میزان هماتوکریت و هموگلوبین بوده و اختلاف معنی ‌داری با تیمار شاهد نشان داد (0/05>p ). در سایر پارامترهای خونی (گلبول‌ های سفید، گلبول ‌های قرمز، MCV، MCHC و MCH) اختلاف معنی‌ داری بین تیمارهای آزمایشی و گروه شاهد مشاهده نشد (0/05<p ). تغذیه ماهیان با 2/5 درصد عصاره زنیان فعالیت لیزوزیم و کمپلمان را به ­طور معنی ­داری بهبود بخشید (0/05>p ). در سایر پارامترهای بیوشیمیایی خون (ایمونوگلوبولین، آلبومین و پروتئین کل) اختلاف معنی­ داری بین سطوح مختلف عصاره زنیان و گروه شاهد دیده نشد (0/05<p ). بنابراین می‌ توان نتایج گرفت استفاده از عصاره گیاه زنیان در جیره غذایی ماهی قزل ­آلای رنگین­ کمان می‌ تواند منجر به بهبود فاکتورهای رشد و برخی از پارامترهای ایمنی گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of Ajwain extract (Trachyspermum ammi L) on Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) growth performance, blood parameters and immunity factors

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mehdi Naseri Farsani 1
  • Rezvaneh Jenabi Haghparast 1
  • Alireza Afzali kord mahleh 2
1 Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
2 Department of Aquatic Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
چکیده [English]

Present study was conducted to investigate effects of Ajwain extract (Trachyspermum ammi L)on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) growth and immunity factors. 600 fish with average weight of 58±7 g were divided into four treatments and were fed by diet supplemented
with 0.5, 1.5 and 2.5% Ajwain extract and diet with no supplementation was used for control group. Growth, hematological and immunity factors were measured at the end of the experiment based on standard methods and then were analyzed by Tukey. Fishes fed by two percent Ajwain extract in comparison with control group showed increment and improvement in weight gained, specific growth rate (SGR), final weight and condition factor status index (SI) (p < 0.05). The highest amount of hematocrit and hemoglobin were belonged to those who were fed with 2 % Ajwain extract and showed a significant difference with control group (p < 0.05). No significant difference was found between control group and other treatments in terms of other hematological parameters (RBC, WBC, MCV, MCH, MCHC) (P>0.05). Feeding by 2.5% of Ajwain extract significantly improved lysozyme and Complement activity. No significant difference was found between control group and other treatments in terms of other biochemical parameters of blood (albumin, total protein and Immunoglobulin) (p < 0.05). Therefore, supplementation of Ajwain extract in rainbow trout diet will improve growth factors and some immunity parameters.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Ajwain extract
  • Immunity parameters
  • Growth factors
  • Rainbow trout

مراجع

  1. Abdel-Tawwab, M.I.; Adeshina, A.; Jenyo-Oni, E.K.; Ajani, B.O. and Emikpe, K., 2017. Growth, physiological, antioxidants, and immune response of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (B.), to dietary clove basil, Ocimum gratissimum, leaf extract and its susceptibility to Listeria monocytogenes infection. Fish and Shellfish Immunology. Vol. 78, pp: 346-354.
  2. Adel, M.; Caipang, C.M.A. and  Dawood, M.A., 2017. Immunological responses and disease resistance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) juveniles following dietary administration of stinging nettle (Urtica dioica). Fish and Shellfish Immunology.Vol. 71,  pp: 230-238.
  3. Adel, M.; Pourgholam, R.; Zorriehzahra, J. and Ghiasi, M., 2016. Hemato–Immunological and biochemical parameters, skin antibacterial activity, and survival in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) following the diet supplemented with Mentha piperita against Yersinia ruckeri. Fish and Shellfish Immunology.Vol. 55, pp: 267-273.
  4. Adel, M.A.; Amiri, A.; Zorriehzahra, J.; Nematolahi, A. and Esteban, M.Á., 2015. Effects of dietary peppermint (Mentha piperita) on growth performance, chemical body composition and hematological and immune parameters of fry Caspian white fish (Rutilus frisii kutum). Fish and shellfish immunology. Vol.45, pp: 841-847.
  5. Amar, E.C.; Kiron, V.; Satoh, S.; Okamoto, N. and Watanabe, T., 2000. Effects of dietary β-carotene on the immune response of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Journal of Fisheries Science.Vol. 66, pp: 1068-1075.
  6. Anderson, W.G.; McKinley, R.S. and Colavecchia, M., 1997. The use of clove oil as an anaesthetic for rainbow trout and its effects on swimming performance. North American Journal of Fisheries Management. Vol. 17, pp: 301-307.
  7. Awad, E.; Awaad, A.S. and Esteban, M.A., 2015. Effects of dihydroquercetin obtained from deodar (Cedrus deodara) on immune status of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.). Fish and Shellfish Immunology. Vol. 43, pp: 43-50.
  8. Awad, E. and Awaad, A., 2017. Role of medicinal plants on growth performance and immune status in fish. Fish and Shellfish Immunology. Vol. 67, pp: 40-54.
  9. Awad, E.; Austin, D. and Lyndon, A.R. , 2013. Effect of black cumin seed oil (Nigella sativa) and nettle extract (Quercetin) on enhancement of immunity in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). Aquaculture.Vol. 388, pp: 193-197.
  10. Baba, E.; Acar, Ü.; Yılmaz, S.; Zemheri, F. and Ergün, S., 2018. Dietary olive leaf (Olea europea L.) extract alters some immune gene expression levels and disease resistance to Yersinia ruckeri infection in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish and shellfish immunology. Vol. 79, pp: 28-33.
  11. Bahi, A.; Guardiola, F.A.; Messina, C.; Mahdhi, A.; Cerezuela, R.; Santulli, A.; Bakhrouf, A. and Esteban, M.A., 2017. Effects of dietary administration of fenugreek seeds, alone or in combination with probiotics, on growth performance parameters, humoral immune response and gene expression of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.). Fish and Shellfish Immunology. Vol. 60, pp: 50-58.
  12. Balbba, S.I.; Hilal, S.H. and Hoggag, M.R., 1973. Active constituents of Ammi majus fruit at differet stages. Acta Medica.Vol. 23, pp: 372-380.
  13. Begnami, A.F.; Spindola, H.M.; Ruiz, A.L.; de Carvalho, J.E.; Groppo, F.C. and Rehder, V.L., 2018.Antinociceptive and anti-edema properties of the ethyl acetate fraction obtained from extracts of (Coriandrum sativum Linn. Leaves, Biomed. Pharmacother. Vol. 103, pp: 1617-1622.
  14. Benfey, T.J. and Sutterlin, A.M., 1984. The haematology of triploid land locked Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar. Journal of Fish Biology. Vol. 24, pp: 333-338.
  15. Bilen, S.; Altunoglu, Y.C.; Ulu, F. and Biswas, G., 2016. Innate immune and growth promoting responses to caper (Capparis spinosa) extract in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish and Shellfish Immunology. Vol. 57, pp: 206-212.
  16. Citarasu, T.; Sivaram, V.; Immanuel, G.; Rout, N. and Murugan, V., 2006. Influence of selected Indian immunostimulat herbs against white spot syndrome virus (wssv) infection in black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon with reference to haematological, biochemical and immunological changes. Fish and shellfish immunology. Vol. 21, pp: 372-384.
  17. Clerton, P.; Troutaud, D.; Verlhac, V.; Gabraudan, J. and Deschaux, P., 2001. Dietary vitamin Eand rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)phagocyte functions: effect on gut and on headkidney leucocytes Fish and Shellfish Immunology. Vol. 11, pp: 1-13.
  18. Dadras, H.; Hayatbakhsh, M.R.; Shelton, W.L. and Golpour, A., 2016. Effects of dietary administration of Rose hip and Safflower on growth performance, haematological, biochemical parameters and innate immune response of Beluga, Huso huso (Linnaeus, 1758). Fish and shellfish immunology. Vol. 59, pp: 109-114.
  19. Davis, C.R.; Marty, G.D.; Adkison, M.A.; Freiberg, E.F. and Hedrick, R.P., 1999. Association of plasma IgM with body size, histopathologic changes, and plasma chemistries in adult Pacific herring Clupea pallasi. Journal of Diseases of Aquatic Organisms. Vol. 8, pp: 125-133.
  20. Doan, H.V.; Hoseinifar, S.H.; Tapingkae, W.; Chitmanat, C. and Mekchay, S., 2017. Effects of Cordyceps militaris spent mushroom substrate on mucosal and serum immune parameters, disease resistance and growth performance of Nile tilapia, (Oreochromis niloticus). Fish and Shellfish Immunology.Vol. 67, pp: 78-85.
  21. Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A; Pirali, E.; Pishkar, G.; Jalali, S.M.; Reyesi, M.; Jafarian Dehkordi, M. and Hamedi, B., 2011. The essential oils of some medicinal plants on the immune system and growth of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Journal of herbal drugs. Vol. 2, pp: 149-155 (In Persian).
  22. Goda, A.M.S., 2008. Effect of dietary Ginseng herb (Ginsana® G115) supplementation on growth, feed utilization, and hematological indices of Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.), fingerlings. Journal of theWorld Aquaculture Society. Vol. 39, pp: 205-214.
  23. Goldenfarb, P.; Bowyer, F.P.; Hall, E. and Brosious, E., 1971. Reproductibility in the hematology laboratory: The microhematocrite determination. Journal of Clinical Pathology. Vol. 56, pp: 35-39.
  24. Guardiola, F.A.; Bahi, A.; Bakhrouf, A. and Esteban, M.A., 2017. Effects of dietary supplementation with fenugreek seeds, alone or in combination with probiotics, on gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) skin mucosal immunity. Fish and Shellfish Immunology.Vol. 65, pp: 169-178.
  25. Guardiola, F.A.; Bahi, A. and Esteban, M.A., 2018. Effects of dietary administration of fenugreek seeds on metabolic parameters and immune status of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.). Fish and Shellfish Immunology. Vol. 74, pp: 372-379.
  26. Kaleo, I.V.; Gao, Q.; Liu, B.; Sun, C.; Zhou, Q.; Zhang, H. and Song, C., 2019. Effects of Moringa oleifera leaf extract on growth performance, physiological and immune response, and related immune gene expression of Macrobrachium rosenbergii with Vibrio anguillarum and ammonia stress. Fish and Shellfish Immunology. Vol. 89, pp: 603-613.
  27. Larsen, H.N., 1964.Comparison of various methods of hemoglobin detection of channel catfish blood. The Journal of Progressive Fish-Culturist. Vol. 26, pp: 11-15.
  28. Leonard, J.B.K. and Cormick, S.D., 2005. Changes in haematology during up stream migration to American shad. Journal of Fish Biology. Vol. 54, pp: 1218-1230.
  29. Li, M.; Zhu, X.; Tian, J.; Liu, M. and Wang, G., 2019. Dietary flavonoids from Allium mongolicum Regel promotes growth, improves immune, antioxidant status, immune related signaling molecules and disease resistance in juvenile northern Snakehead fish (Channa argus). Aquaculture. Vol. 501, pp: 473-481.
  30. Mehrabi, Z.; Firouzbakhsh, F.; Rahimi-Mianji, G. and Paknejad, H., 2019. Immunostimulatory effect of Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis) on non-specific immune response, immune gene expression, and experimental challenge with Saprolegnia parasitica in Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture. Vol. 503, pp: 330-338.
  31. Moghanlou, K.S.; Isfahani, E.N.; Dorafshan, S.; Tukmechi, A. and Aramli, M.S., 2018. Effects of dietary supplementation with Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl extract on growth performance, hemato-biochemical and innate immunity parameters of Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Animal FeedScience Technology .Vol. 237, pp: 98-105.
  32. Mooraki, N.; Dadgar, S. and Naderi, M., 2014. The effect of Parsley (Petroselinum sativum) on the growth and survival of Koi fish (Cyprinus carpio). Journal of Aquaculture Development. Vol. 8, pp: 63-72.
  33. Msaada, K.; Jemia, M.B.; Salem, N.; Bachrouch, O.; Sriti, J.; Tammar, S.; Bettaieb, I.; Jabri, I.; Kefi, S.; Limam, F.; and Marzouk, B., 2017. Antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts from three Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) fruit varieties.Arabian Journal of Chemistry. Vol. 10, pp: 3176-3183.
  34. Musthafa, M.S.; Asgari, S.M.; Kurian, A.; Elumalai, P.; Ali, A.R.J.; Paray, B.A. and Al-Sadoon, M.K., 2018. Protective efficacy of Mucuna pruriens (L.) seed meal enriched diet on growth performance, innate immunity, and disease resistance in Oreochromis mossambicus against Aeromonas hydrophila. Fish and Shellfish Immunology. Vol. 75, pp: 374-380.
  35. Prabu, D.L.; Chandrasekar, S.; Ambashankar, K.; Dayal, J.S.; Ebeneezar, S.; Ramachandran, K. and Vijayagopal, P., 2018. Effect of dietary Syzygium cumini leaf powder on growth and non-specific immunity of Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone 1931) and defense against virulent strain of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Aquaculture. Vol. 489, pp: 9-20.
  36. Rani, P. and Khullar, N., 2004. Antimicrobialevaluation of some medicinal plants for their antienteric potential against Multi-drug resistant Salmonella typhi. Phytotheraphy Research. Vol. 6, pp: 670-681.
  37. Rezaei, M.H.; Sourinejad, I.; Soltanian, S. and Yousefzadi, M., 2013. The effects of dietary Zhumeria majdae extract on growth indices, hematology and immunology of catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. Jurnal of Aquatic Ecology. Vol. 3, pp: 19-28 (In Persian).
  38. Saeidi asl, M.R.; Adel, M.C.; Caipang, M.A. and Dawood, M.A.O., 2017. Immunological responses and disease resistance of Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) juveniles following dietary administration of Stinging nettle (Urtica dioica). Fish and Shellfish Immunology. Vol. 71, pp: 230-238.
  39. Singh, G.; Kapoor, I.P.S.; Pandey, S.K. and Singh, U.K., 2005. water Studies on essential oils: Part 10; Antibacterial activity of volatile oils from some species, Phytotherapy Research. Vol. 16, pp: 680-682.
  40. Tan, X.; Sun, Z.; Huang, Z.; Zhou, C.; Lin, H.; Tan, L.P. and Xun, Q., 2017a. Huang, Effects of dietary hawthorn extract on growth performance, immune responses, growth and immune-related genes expression of juvenile golden Pompano (Trachinotus ovatus) and its susceptibility to Vibrio harveyi infection. Fish and Shellfish Immunology. Vol. 70, pp: 656-664.
  41. Tukmechi, A.; Rahmati Andani, H.R.; Manaffar, R. and Sheikhzadeh, N., 2011.  Dietary administration of beta mercapto-ethanol treated Saccharomyces cerevisiae enhanced the growth, innate immune response and disease resistance of the Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Fish and Shellfish Immunology. Vol. 30, pp: 923-928.
  42. Vallejos-Vidal, E.; Reyes-López, F.; Teles, M. and MacKenzie, S., 2016.  The response of fish to immunostimulant diets. Fish and Shellfish Immunology. Vol. 56, pp: 34-69.
  43. Wang, W.; Sun, J.; Liu, C. and Xue, Z., 2017. Application of immunostimulants in aquaculture: current knowledge and future perspectives. Aquaculture Research. Vol. 48, pp: 1-23.
  44. Windisch, W.; Schedle, K.; Plitzner, C. and Kroismayr, A., 2008. Use of phytogenic product as feed additives for swine and poultry. Journal of Animal Science. Vol. 86, pp: 140-148.
  45. Xue, M.; Leo, L.; Wu, X.; Ren, Z.; Gao, P. and Yu, Y., 2006.  Effect of six alternative lipid sources on growth and tissue fatty acid composition in Japanese sea bass (Lateolobrax japonicus). Aquaculture. Vol. 260, pp: 206-214.
  46. Yousefi, M.; Hoseini, S.M.; Vatnikov, Y.A.; Kulikov, E.V. and Drukovsky, S.G., 2019. Rosemary leaf powder improved growth performance, immune and antioxidant parameters, and crowding stress responses in Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerlings. Aquaculture. Vol. 550, pp: 473-480.
فصلنامه محیط زیست جانوری
دوره 12، شماره 3
مهر 1399
صفحه 275-282

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار