اثرات مستقل و تعاملی فاکتورهای دما، سطح آب و تراکم بر همنوع ‌خواری (کانیبالیسم) لاروهای قورباغه سبز لوانت (Pelophylax bedriagae (Camerano, 1882

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه زیست شناسی، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

چکیده

همنوع ‌خواری (کانیبالیسم) نوعی رفتار تهاجمی است که در آن موجود زنده تمام یا بخشی از بدن هم ‌گونه خویش را می ‌خورد. در دوزیستان همنوع ‌خواری با تغذیه از تخم یا لاروهای هم‌ گونه خود صورت می‌ ‌گیرد. افزایش درجه حرارت حاصل از گرمایش جهانی می ‌تواند با تأثیر بر میزان برهم ‌کنش درون‌ گونه ‌ای و تشدید نوسانات سطح آب و تغییر در تراکم، نرخ همنوع ‌خواری را با ضریب بالایی‌ در جمعیت‌ های دوزیستان تغییر دهد. در این مطالعه به ­منظور بررسی همنوع‌ خواری، اثرات مستقل و تعاملی سه فاکتور دما (بالا و پایین)، نوسانات سطح آب (سطح آب بالا، پایین و کاهشی) و تراکم (کم و زیاد) در لاروهای قورباغه سبز لوانت، Pelophylax bedriagae به ­مدت 10 ماه مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. با بررسی اثر مستقل فاکتورها، بیش ­ترین میزان همنوع ‌خواری در تیمار دما بالا (56/66 %)، سطح آب پایین (47/50 %) و تراکم کم (53/33 %) ثبت شد. با بررسی اثر تعاملی، بیش ­ترین درصد همنوع ‌خواری (شامل جراحت و خورده شدن کامل نمونه) در تیمار دمای بالا/ سطح آب کاهشی/ تراکم کم با میزان 90 % ثبت گردید. در مقابل کم ­ترین درصد همنوع‌ خواری به ­طور مشترک در دو تیمار دمای پایین/ سطح آب کاهشی/ تراکم کم و دمای پایین/ سطح آب بالا/ تراکم کم با میزان 20 % ثبت شد. نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد دو فاکتور حرارت و تراکم به ­طور مستقل، تأثیر معنی ­داری بر همنوع‌ خواری دارند اما این تأثیر برای نوسانات سطح آب معنی ­دار نمی ‌باشد. هم­ چنین تعامل سه فاکتور دما، سطح آب و تراکم تأثیر معنی ­داری بر میزان همنوع ‌خواری نشان داد. 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Independent and interactive effects of temperature, water level and density on the cannibalism of Levant Green Frog, Pelophylax bedriagae (Camerano, 1882) larvae

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mehri Mohammadi
  • Somaye Vaissi
  • Vahid Akmali
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
چکیده [English]

Cannibalism is an aggressive behavior in which the living organism eats whole or part of its body. In amphibians, cannibalism is done by feeding on its own eggs or larvae. The increase in temperature resulting from global warming, by affecting on the rate of intraspecific interaction and intensifying water level fluctuations and change in density, can alter the rate of cannibalism with a high coefficient in amphibian populations. In this study, independent and interactive effects of temperature (high and low), water level (hydroperiod) (high, low, and decreasing water levels), and density (low and high) factors on the cannibalism of Levant green frog Pelophylax bedriagae larvae was investigated in within 10 months. By considering the independent effect of the factors, the highest rate of cannibalism was observed in high temperature (56.6%), low water level (47.5%) and low density (53.33%). Due to the interactive effect, the highest percentage of cannibalism (including biting and whole body cannibalism) was recorded in the high temperature/low water level/low density treatment with 90%. In contrast, the lowest rate of cannibalism was recorded in two treatments: low temperature/low water level/low density, and low temperature/high water level/low density with 20%. The results of study showed that temperature and density had significant independent effects on the cannibalism but water level fluctuations are not significant. Also, interaction of three factors included temperature, water level and density had a significant effect on the rate of cannibalism.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Climate change
  • Water level Fluctuations
  • Density
  • Cannibalism
  • Anura
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