تعیین شاخص‎ های تنوع زیستی تحت شرایط پرورش در قفس قزل ‏آلای رنگین‏ کمان (Oncorhynchus mykiss) در منطقه عباس ‏آباد، جنوب دریای خزر

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه شیلات، دانشکده منابع‎ طبیعی دریا، دانشگاه علوم و فنون دریایی خرمشهر، خرمشهر، ایران

2 گروه شیلات، دانشکده منابع ‎طبیعی دریا، دانشگاه علوم و فنون دریایی خرمشهر، خرمشهر، ایران

3 پژوهشکده اکولوژی آبزیان دریای خزر، موسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ساری، ایران

چکیده

این تحقیق با هدف تعیین اثر احتمالی فعالیت پرورش قزل ‎آلای رنگین‎ کمان در قفس بر شاخص‎ های تنوع جوامع زیستی آب های ساحلی منطقه عباس آباد (حوضه‎ جنوبی دریای خزر) طراحی گردید. نمونه های جوامع زیستی (بزرگ بی‌ مهرگان کفزی، فیتوپلانکتون و زئوپلانکتون) از فواصل 5، 50، 100 و 1000 متری از قفس های پرورش ماهی طی 4 دوره شامل ‎ماه های دی (قبل از پرورش) و اسفند 1393 و ‎ماه های اردیبهشت (دوره‎ پرورش) و مرداد 1394 (بعد از دوره‎ پرورش) جمع آوری شدند. در این تحقیق 9 گروه بزرگ بی­ مهرگان کفزی (با غالبیت رده پرتاران، Streblospio gynobranchiata وHypaniola kowalewskii) و 42 گونه‏ فیتوپلانکتون متعلق به پنج شاخه با غالبیت شاخه‏‏ Bacillariophyta شناسایی گردید. هم­ چنین 10 گروه از زئوپلانکتون­ ها نیز شناسایی شد که گونه ‎ Acartia tonsaاز راسته پاروپایان جمعیت غالب را تشکیل داد. نتایج نشان داد که پراکنش و فراوانی جوامع زیستی به ‎طور معنی دار تحت تأثیر تغییرات فصلی بود (0/05>p )، درحالی‏ که اثر فاصله از مرکز قفس روی آن ها معنی‌ دار نبود (0/05<p ) و در بیش ­تر موارد تغییرات هیچ کدام از شاخص های تنوع زیستی تحت تأثیر فعالیت پرورش ماهی در قفس قرار نگرفت. به ‎نظر می‌ رسد که فعالیت پرورش در قفس قزل ‎آلای رنگین کمان در منطقه عباس آباد، به دلیل تراکم پائین ماهی، کوتاه بودن طول دوره‎ پرورش و جریان های آبی قوی اثر قابل ملاحظه ای روی جوامع زیستی محیط اطراف قفس نداشت به طوری که، تغییرات مشاهده شده در شاخص های تنوع زیستی بیش­ تر با تغییرات فصلی مرتبط بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Determination of the biodiversity indicators under cage culture of rainbow trout conditions in the Abbas Abad area, southern basin of the Caspian Sea

نویسندگان [English]

  • Erfan Karimian 1
  • Mohammad Zakeri 2
  • Seyed Mohammad Vahid Farabi 3
  • Mahsa Haqi 1
  • Preeta Kochanian 1
1 Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Natural Resources, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr, Iran
2 Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Natural Resources, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr, Iran
3 Caspian Sea Ecology Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Sari, Iran
چکیده [English]

This study was designed to determine the probable effect of rainbow trout cage culture on the biodiversity indicators in the Abbas Abad area, southern basin of the Caspian Sea. For this purpose, biological samples (benthic macro invertebrates, phytoplankton and zooplankton) were collected at distance of 5, 50, 100 and 1000 m from the cages in December 2014 (before the culture period), March and April (production period) and August 2015 (after the culture period). In this study, 9 taxa of benthic macro invertebrates (with the dominance of polychaetes; Streblospio gynobranchiata and Hypaniola kowalewskii) and 42 species of phytoplankton belonging to five phyla (with the dominance of Bacillariophyta) were identified. A total of 10 taxa of zooplanktons were identified with the copepod; Acartia tonsa being the dominant taxa as well. The results showed that the distribution and abundance of biological community were significantly affected by the seasons (p < 0.05) where as it was not affected by the distance from the cages (P>0.05) and in most cases, changes of biodiversity indicators were not affected by cage culture activity. It seems that the rainbow trout cage culture in the Abbas Abad region no remarkable effect on the biodiversity indicators in the vicinity of small scale fish cages due to short duration of cage culture and strong water currents, so that observed changes were more associated with seasonal fluctuant.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cage culture
  • rainbow trout
  • biodiversity indicators
  • southern of the Caspian Sea

مراجع

  1. حیدری، م.؛ سیف‌ آبادی، س.ج. و خانی‌پور، ا.ا.، 1390. تعیین شاخص‌ های زیستی زئوپلانکتون در اعماق مختلف و ساعات شبانه روزی در آب‌ های ساحلی بندر انزلی. مجله زیست‌ شناسی ایران. دوره 24، شماره 4، صفحات 623 تا 632.
  2. سازمان شیلات ایران. 1394. تهیه و تدوین ضوابط و معیارهای استقرار قفس‎ های پرورش ماهی و اسکله‎ های پشتیبانی و معرفی مناطق مناسب برای توسعه پرورش ماهی در قفس در سواحل استان‎ های مازندران، گیلان و گلستان. گزارش بخش دریایی استان مازندران. دفتر توسعه و مدیریت بنادر ماهیگیری.26 صفحه.
  3. طاولی، م.؛ سیف ‎آبادی، س.ج. و نجات ‎خواه­ معنوی، پ.، 1395. بررسی بوم‎ شناختی و زیست ‎شناسی جمعیت کفزیان ساحل شهر چالوس (دریای خزر). اقیانوس شناسی. دوره 26، صفحات 43 تا 54.
  4. نبوی، س.م.ب.؛ یاوری، و.؛ دهقان­ مدیسه، س.؛ سید مرتضایی، س.ر. و جهانی، ن.، 1389. بررسی تغییرات فراوانی و تنوع پرتاران در زیر قفس‌ های پرورش ماهی خور غزاله (خور موسی). مجله اقیانوس شناسی. دوره 1، شماره 1، صفحات 1 تا 9.
  5. Acuna, P.; Villa, I. and Marin, V.H., 2008. Short-term responses of phytoplankton to nutrient enrichment and planktivorous¢sh predation in a temperate South American mesotrophic reservoir. Hydrobiologia. Vol. 600, pp: 131-138.
  6. Al-Shami, S.A.; Heino, J.; Che Salmah, M.R.; Abu Hassan, A.; Suhaila, A.H. and Madrus, M.R., 2013. Drivers of beta diversity of macroinvertebrate communities in tropical forest streams. Freshwater Biol. Vol. 58, pp: 1126-1137.
  7. Alston, D.E.; Cabarcas, A.; Capella, J.; Benetti, D.D.; Keene-Meltzoff, S.; Bonilla, J. and Cortes, R., 2005. Report on the environmental and social impacts of sustainable offshore cage culture production in Puerto Rican waters. Final Report to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Contract NA16RG1611.
  8. APHA (American Public Health Association). 2005. Standard Methods for The Examination of water and wastewater, 21th ed. American Public Health Association, Washington, DC. 1550 p.
  9. Apostolakia, E.A.; Tsagarakia, T.; Tsapakisa, M. and Karakassis, I., 2007. Fish farming impact on sediments and macro fauna associated with sea grass meadows in the Mediterranean. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. Vol. 75, No. 3, pp: 408-416.
  10. Azevedo, D.J.S.; Barbosa, J.E.L.; Gomes, W.I.A.; Porto, D.E. and Molozzi, J., 2015. Diversity measures in macroinvertebrate and zooplankton communities related to the trophic status of subtropical reservoirs: Contradictory or complementary responses? Ecological Indicator. Vol. 50, pp: 135-149.
  11. Bagheri, S.; Nierman, U.; Mansor, M. and Yoek, F.S., 2014. Biodiversity, distribution and abundance of zooplankton in the Iranian waters of the Caspian Sea off Anzali during 1996-2010. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. Vol. 94, pp: 129-140.
  12. Bagheri, S.; Mirzajani, A. and Sabkara, J., 2016. Preliminary studies on the impact of fish cage culture rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) on zooplankton structure in the southwestern Caspian Sea. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences. Vol. 15, No. 3, pp: 1202-1213.
  13. Bascinar, N.S.; Gozler, A.M.; Sahin, C.; Eruz, C.; Tolun, L.; Agirbas, E.; Mantichi, M.; Serdar, S. and Verep, B., 2014. The impact assessment of cage aquaculture on benth communities along the south eastern Black Sea. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences. Vol. 13, No. 3, pp: 719-738.
  14. Borja, A.; Bricker, S.B.; Dauer, D.M.; Demetriades, N.T.; Ferreira, J.G.; Forbes, A.T.; Hutchings, P.; Jia, X.; Kenchington, R.; Marques, J.C. and Zhu, C., 2008. Overview of integrative tools and methods in assessing ecological integrity in estuarine and coastal systems worldwide. Mar. Pollut. Bull. Vol. 56: pp: 1519-1537.
  15. Borges, P.A.F.; Train, S.; Dias, J.D. and Bonecker, C.C., 2010. Effects of fish farming on plankton structure in a Brazilian tropical reservoir. Hydrobiologia. Vol. 649, pp: 279-291.
  16. Burshtina, Y.A.; Vinagradova, L.G.; Kondakova, N.N.; Koun, M.S.; Astakhva, T.V. and Ramanova, N.N., 1968. Atlas of invertebrates in the Caspian Sea. Moscow.
  17. Cardoso, P.G.; Marques, S.C.; Ambrosio, M.; Pereira, E.; Costa Duarte, A.; Azeiteiro, U.M. and Pardal, M.A., 2013. Changes in zooplankton communities along a mercury contamination gradient in a coastal lagoon (Ria de Aveiro, Portugal). Marine Pollution Bulletin. Vol. 76, pp: 170-177.
  18. Carassou, L.; Le Borgne, R.; Rolland, E. and Ponton, D., 2010. Spatial and temporal distribution of zooplankton related to the environmental conditions in the coral reef lagoon of New Caledonia, Southwest Pacific. Mar. Pollut. Bull. Vol. 61, pp: 367-374.
  19. Clynick, B.G.; McKindsey, C.W. and Archambaul, T., 2008. Distribution and productivity of fish and macroinvertebrates in mussel aquaculture sites in the Magdalen islands. Aquaculture. Vol. 283, pp: 203-210.
  20. Conti, M.E., 2008. Biological Monitoring: Theory and applications-bioindicators and biomarkers for environmental quality and human exposure assessment. WIT Press, Boston.
  21. Cottingham, K.C. and Carpenter, S.R., 1998. Population, community, and ecosystem variates as ecological indicators: Phytoplankton responses to whole-lake enrichment. Ecological Applications. Vol. 8, pp: 508-530.
  22. Degefu, F.; Mengistu, S. and Schagerl, M., 2011. Influence of fish cage farming on water quality and plankton in fish ponds: A case study in the Rift Valley and North Shoa reservoirs, Ethiopia. Aquaculture. Vol. 316, pp: 129-135.
  23. Demir, N.; Kirkagaç, M.; Pulatsü, S. and Bekcan, S., 2001. Influence of trout cage culture on the water quality, plankton and benthos in an Anatolian Reservoir. The Israeli Journal of Aquaculture. Vol. 53, pp: 115-127.
  24. Dias, J.D., 2008. Impacto da pisciculturaemtanques-redesobreaestrutura da comunidade zooplanctônicaem um reservatório subtropical, Brasil. Master Thesis. UniversidadeEstadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil. 40 p.
  25. Diaz-Castaneda, V. and Valenzuela-Solano, S., 2009. Polychaete fauna in the vicinity of Bluefin tuna sea-cages in Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. Magnolia Press, Zoosymposia. Vol. 2, pp: 505-526.
  26. Ellenberg, H.; Mayer, R. and Schauermann, J., 1986. Ökosystemforschung, Ergebnisse des Solling, Projektes. Ulmer, Stuttgart.
  27. Elliot, J.M., 1988. Larvae of the British Ephemeroptera: a key with ecological notes, scientific publication. 145 p.
  28. FAO. 2009. The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture- 2008. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome.
  29. FAO. 2016. The state of world fisheries and aquaculture. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Contributing to food security and nutrition for all. 200 p.
  30. Fernandes, L.; Quintanilha, J.; Monteiro-ribas, W.; Gonzalezrodriguez, E. and Coutinho, R., 2012. Seasonal and interannual coupling between sea surface temperature, phytoplankton and meroplankton in the subtropical southwestern Atlantic Ocean. Journal of Plankton Research. Vol. 3, pp: 236-244.
  31. Findlay, D.L.; Podemski, C.L.; Susan, E. and Kasian, M., 2009. Aquaculture impacts on the algal and bacterial communities in a small boreal forest lake. Canadian J of fisheries and aquatic sciences. Vol. 66, No. 11, pp: 1936-1948.
  32. Gonzalez-Silvera, D.; Izquierdo-Gomez, D.; Fernandez Gonzalez, V.; Martínez-López, F.J.; López- Jiménez, J. A. and Sanchez-Jerez, P., 2015. Mediterranean fouling communities assimilate the organic matter derived from coastal fish farms as a new trophic resource. Marine Pollution Bulletin. Vol. 91, pp: 45-53.
  33. Gray, J.S., 2000. The measurement of marine species diversity, with an application to the benthic fauna of the Norwegian continental shelf. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. Vol. 250, pp: 23-49.
  34. Guo, L. and Li, Z., 2003. Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus from fish cage-culture on the communities of a shallow lake in middle Yangtze River basin of China. Aquaculture. Vol. 226, pp: 201-212.
  35. Grigorakis, K. and Rigos, G., 2011. Aquaculture effect on environmental and public welfare- The case of Mediterranean mariculture. Chemosphere. Vol. 855, pp: 899-919.
  36. Habit, R.N. and Penkow, R., 1976. Algaeno Floranderstosee Vebgusta Fishers Verlaygiena. 493 p.
  37. Hynei, H.B.N., 1984. A key to the adults and nymphs of the British stoneflies, scientific publication. 90 p.
  38. JØrgensen, S.E.; Costanza, R. and Xu, F.L., 2005. Handbook of ecological indicators for assessment of ecosystem health. CRS press. 439 p.
  39. Kalantzi, I. and Karakassis, I., 2006. Benthic impacts of fish farming: meta-analysis of community and geochemical data. Marine Pollution Bulletin. Vol. 52, pp: 484-493.
  40. King, L.; Jones, R.I. and Barker, P., 2002. Seasonal variation in the epilithic algal communities from four lakes of different trophic state. Arch. Hydrobiol. Vol. 154, No. 2, pp: 177-198.
  41. Klaoudatos, S.D.; Klaoudatos, D.S.; Smith, J.; Bogdanos, K. and Papageorgiou. E., 2006. Assessment of site specific benthic impact of floating cage farming in the eastern Hios Island, Eastern Aegean Sea, Greece. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. Vol. 338, pp: 96-111.
  42. La Rosa, T.; Mirto, S.; Favaloro, E.; Savona, B.; Sara, G.; Danovaro, R. and Mazzola, A., 2002. Impact on the water column biogeochemistry of a Mediterranean mussel and fish farm. Water Research. Vol. 36, pp: 713-721.
  43. Loya, Y., 2007. How to influence environmental decision makers? The case of (Red Sea) coral reefs. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. Vol. 344, pp: 35-53.
  44. Magurran, A.E., 1988. Ecological Diversity and its Measurement. Croom Helm, London. 179 p.
  45. Mente, A.E.; Graham, J.; Pierce, A.E.; Santos, A.E. and Neofitou, C., 2006. Effect of feed and feeding in the culture of salmonids on the marine aquatic environment: a synthesis for European aquaculture. Aquacult Int. Vol. 14, pp: 499-522.
  46. Morosova-Vodanidskaya, N.V., 1954. Phytoplankton of Black Sea workds of sevastepol, Biology station of as U.S.S.R. Vol. 8, pp: 11-99.
  47. Neofitou, N.; Vafidis, D. and Klaoudatos. S., 2010. Spatial and temporal effects of fish farming on benthic community structure in a semi enclosed gulf of the eastern mediterranean. Aquaculture Environment Interactions. Vol. 1, pp: 95-105.
  48. Newell, G.E. and Newell, R.C., 1977. Marine plankton: a practical guide. Hutchinson, London. 244 p.
  49. Paterson, M.J.; Podemski, C.L.; Findlay, W.J.; Findlay, D.L. and Salki, A.G., 2010. The response of zooplankton in a whole-lake experiment on the effects of a cage aquaculture operation for rainbow trout. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. Vol. 67, No. 11, pp: 1852-1861.
  50. Pennak, R.W., 1953. Fresh- water invertebrates of the United States, the Ronald press. New York. 769 p.
  51. Petipa, T.S., 1957. On average weight of the main zooplankton forms in the Black Sea. Proc. Sevastopol. Biological Station. Vol. 9, pp: 39-57 (in Russian).
  52. Rebecca, C.; Rooney, R.; Cheryl, L. and Podemski, C. L., 2009. Effects of an experimental rainbow trout farm on invertebrate community composition. Canadian Journal of fisheries and aquatic science. Vol. 66, No. 11, pp: 1949-1964.
  53. Richardson, A.J., 2008. In hot water: zooplankton and climate change. ICES. ICES Journal of Marine Science. Vol. 65, pp: 279-295.
  54. Roohi, A., 2010. Population dynamic and effects of the invasive species Ctenophore, Mnemiopsis leidyi in the Southern Caspian Sea. University Sains Malaysia.
  55. Ruttner, K.A., 1974. Plankton Rotifera, Biology and Taxonomy stutt yart. Schwizer bartsche VerLagsbuchhandlang, Stuttgart.
  56. Santos, R.M.; Rocha, G.S.; Rocha, O. and Santos Wisniewski, M.J., 2009. Influence of net cage fish cultures on the diversity of the zooplankton community in the Furnas hydroelectric reservoir, Areado, MG, Brazil. Aquaculture Research. Vol. 40, pp: 753-776.
  57. Skejic, S.; Marasovic, I.; Vidjak, O.; Kušpilic, G. and Nincevic Gladan, Ž., 2011. Effects of cage fish farming on phytoplankton community structure, biomass and primary production in an aquaculture area in the middle Adriatic Sea. Aquaculture research. Vol. 42, pp: 1393-1405.
  58. Smale, D., 2008. Spatial variability in the distribution of dominant shallow-water benthos at Adelaide Island, Antarctica. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. Vol. 357, pp: 140-148.
  59. Soto, D. and Norambuena, F., 2004. Evaluation of salmon farming effects on marine systems in the inner seas of southern Chile: A large-scale mensurative experiment. Journal of Applied Ichthyology. Vol. 20, pp: 493-501.
  60. Sourina, A., 1978. Phytoplankton Manual. Monograph of Oceanographic Methology. Paris, UNESCO. 337 p.
  61. Stirling, H.P. and Dey, T., 1990. Impact of intensive cage fish farming on phytoplankton and periphyton of a Scottish Freshwater loch. Hydrobiologia. Vol. 190, pp: 193-214.
  62. Taheri, M. and Yazdani Foshtomi, M., 2011. Community structure and biodiversity of shallow water macrobenthic fauna at Noor coast, South Caspian Sea, Iran. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. Vol. 91, No. 3, pp: 607-613.
  63. Washington, H.G., 2003. Diversity, biotic, similarity indices. A review with special relevance to aquatic ecosystems. Water Research. Vol. 18, pp: 653-694.
  64. Wetzel, R.G. and Likens, H., 1991. Limnological analysis. Springer-Verlag. 391 p.
  65. www.azerbaijan.az/_Geography/_Caspian/_caspian_e.html?caspian_05.
  66. Vignatti, A.; Cabrera, G. and Echaniz, S., 2012. Changes in the zooplankton and limnological variables of a temporary hypo-mesosaline wetland of the central region of Argentinaduring itsdrying. Pan-Am. J. Aquat. Sci. Vol. 7, pp: 93-106.
  67. Yang, Z.F.; Chen, L.Q.; Zhou, Z.L.; Chen, Y. and Wu, L.K., 2003. Effects of fishery development on water environment and its countermeasures in Taihu Lake. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture. Vol. 11, pp: 156-158.
  68. Yusoff, F.M.; Rezaei, H. and Kuwamura, A., 2003. Distribution of different stages of copepods in the near shore and off-shore area along the Straits of Malacca. In: Aquatic Resource and Environmental Studies of the Straits of Malacca. pp: 203-211.
  69. Zablina, M.; Kilef, L.A.; Piroskina, A.I. and Laverinko, S.S., 1951. Diatoms algae, Moscow. Covernmental publication in U.S.S.R, 4th edition. 65 p.
  70. Zaker, N.H.; Ghaffari, P.; Jamshidi, S. and Nouranian, M., 2011. Currents on the Southern Continental Shelf of the Caspian Sea off Babolsar, Mazandaran, Iran. Journal of coastal Research. Vol. 64, pp: 1989-1997.
  71. Zanatta, A.S.; Perbiche-Neves, G.; Ventura, R.; Ramos, I.P. and Carvalho, E.D., 2011. Effects of a small fish cage farm on zooplankton assemblages (Cladocera and Copepoda: Crustacea) in a subtropical reservoir (SE Brazil). Pan-American Journal of Aquatic Sciences. Vol. 5, No. 4, pp: 530-539.
فصلنامه محیط زیست جانوری
دوره 12، شماره 4
دی 1399
صفحه 381-394

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار