بررسی ساختار و تنوع ژنتیکی کبرای خزری Naja oxiana (Eichwald, 1831) در ایران با استفاده از نشانگر میتوکندریایی سیتوکروم b

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

2 گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

چکیده

تبارشناسی و چگونگی تکامل کبرای خزری به­ عنوان شرقی‌ ترین گونه از زیرجنس Naja دارای ابهامات زیادی است. هدف این مطالعه، بررسی تنوع و ساختار ژنتیکی و هم چنین ارتباطات تبارشناختی جمعیت‌ های کبرای خزری در شمال شرق ایران، افغانستان و ترکمنستان بوده است. در این مطالعه 1107 جفت باز از قطعه ژن میتوکندریایی سیتوکروم b برای 54 نمونه از کبرای خزری مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. تحلیل تبارشناسی با استفاده از بهترین مدل تکاملی و رسم درخت بیزین و حداکثر درست نمایی و ارتباط بین هاپلوتایپ با استفاده از منطق پارسیمونی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. بازسازی درخت تبارشناسی نشان داد که همه جمعیت ­های کبرای خزری در نواحی شمال شرقی ایران به­ همراه نمونه ­های کشورهای افغانستان و ترکمنستان متعلق به یک تبار جغرافیائی هستند. هم چنین، گونه Naja kaouthia  به ‌عنوان آرایه خواهری کبرای خزری شناسائی شد. تنوع هاپلوتیپی و تنوع نوکلئوتیدی ژن سیتوکروم b در نمونه­ های مورد بررسی به ترتیب برابر با 0/42 و 0/00058 محاسبه شد که نشان دهنده تنوع ژنتیکی به نسبت پایین در جمعیت کبرای خزری است. نتایج حاکی از گسترش اخیر و ناگهانی جمعیت­ های این گونه از مرزهای شمال شرقی کشور به سوی استان گلستان بوده است و حاکی از آن است که هنوز تمایز ژنتیکی معنی داری بین جمیعت ­های این گونه به ­وقوع نپیوسته و همه جمعیت­ های کبرای خزری ایران را می­ توان به ­عنوان یک واحد تکاملی در نظر گرفته و مورد حفاظت قرار داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Genetic structure and diversity of Naja oxiana (Eichwald, 1831) populations in Iran using cytochrome b mitochondrial marker

نویسندگان [English]

  • Elmira Kazemi 1
  • Mohammad Kaboli 2
  • Nematollah Khorasani 2
1 Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

The phylogenetic relationships of the Caspian cobra (Naja oxiana), the easternmost species of the subgenus Naja, have remained contentious for long. The present study aims at investigating the genetic diversity and structure, as well as phylogenetic relationships of the Caspian cobra populations from northeastern Iran, Afghanistan and Turkmenistan. We sequenced 1107 base pairs of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome b for 54 samples to assess the genetic diversity, genetic structure and phylogenetic relationships of the Caspian cobra. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted under Bayesian and Maximum likelihood inferences using the best-fitting evolutionary model. Haplotype relationships were inferred using maximum parsimony. Reconstruction of the phylogenetic trees confirmed that the Caspian cobra is the sister taxon of Naja kaouthia. The estimated haplotype and nucleotide diversity were 0.42 and 0.00058, respectively, indicating low genetic variation among Caspian cobra populations. Our findings suggest that populations of the species have experienced a recent radiation and sudden range expansion from the northeast toward Golestan province. The results, based on a single mitochondrial marker, revealed no significant genetic differentiation between the populations and recommend that all populations of the Caspian cobra be considered as a significant evolutionary unit in future conservation plans.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Caspian cobra (Naja oxiana)
  • Cyt b
  • Genetic diversity
  • Phylogenetic analyses
  • Haplotype network

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فصلنامه محیط زیست جانوری
دوره 13، شماره 1
اردیبهشت 1400
صفحه 197-206

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