بررسی اثر آمونیوم‌‌نیترات بر همنوع‌خواری لاروهای قورباغه‌ مردابی (Anura: Ranidae) Pelophylax sp

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زیست شناسی، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

2 گروه زیست شناسی، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

چکیده

استفاده از کودهای شیمیایی مبتنی بر نیتروژن مانند آمونیوم‌نیترات، در طی چند دهه‌ اخیر رشد چشمگیری در مصارف کشاورزی داشته‌ است. تعداد زیادی از گونه‌های دوزیستان، از اراضی کشاورزی به عنوان مکانی برای زندگی و تولید‌مثل استفاده می‌کنند و در نتیجه همواره در معرض این کود شیمیایی قرار دارند. این آلاینده بر بسیاری از متغییر‌های زیستی دوزیستان از جمله رشد، تکوین و بقاء تأثیر منفی می‌گذارد اما تحقیقات بسیار کمی در زمینه‌ تأثیر آن بر همنوع‌خواری وجود دارد. در این مطالعه تأثیر آمونیوم‌نیترات بر همنوع‌خواری لاروهای قورباغه‌ مردابی (Pelophylax sp) که در شمال و شمال شرق ایران یافت می‌شود، مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. بدین منظور، 360 لارو قورباغه‌ مردابی (گاسنر 26 تا 46) با تراکم 20 و حجم آب 1500 میلی‌لیتر در هر ظرف، با سه تکرار در غلظت‌های 0 (شاهد)، 5، 10، 20، 30 و40 میلی‌گرم/لیتر، با متوسط دمای 28 درجه سلسیوس، به مدت 143 روز مورد آزمایش قرار گرفت. با توجه به نتایج، شروع همنوع‌خواری لاروهای قورباغه‌ی مردابی در هفته هشت و پایان همنوع‌خواری در هفته 17 ثبت شد. بیش ترین و کم ترین درصد همنوع‌خواری به ترتیب در تیمار شاهد (66/65±31/25 درصد) و غلظت 40 میلی‌گرم/لیتر (صفر درصد) اندازه‌گیری شد. براساس تحلیل‌های آنالیز واریانس یک‌طرفه، با افزایش غلظت آمونیوم‌نیترات درصد همنوع‌خواری به طور معنی داری کاهش یافت (0/05=p).

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Ammonium Nitrate on the cannibalism of Marsh frog, Pelophylax sp. (Anura: Ranidae)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Behnam Boroumand Foomani 1
  • Hossein Javanbakht 1
  • Somaye Vaissi 2
1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
2 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
چکیده [English]

In recent decades, the use of nitrogen-based fertilizers such as ammonium nitrate has grown significantly in agricultural use. Many amphibian species use agricultural lands as a place to live and reproduction, and as a result are constantly exposed to this chemical fertilizer. This pollutant has negatively affected many biological variables of amphibians, including growth, development and survival, but there is very little research on its effect on cannibalism. In this study, we investigated the effect of ammonium nitrate on cannibalism of larval Marsh frog, Pelophylax sp. in north and northeast of Iran. For this purpose, 360 larval of Marsh frog with a density of 20 and water volume of 1500 ml per container, in three replications at concentrations of 0 (control), 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 mg/l, with an average temperature of 28 °C, conducted for 143 days. According to the results, the start of cannibalism of Marsh frog larvae was recorded at week 8 and the end of cannibalism at week 17. The highest and lowest percentages of cannibalism were measured in the control treatment (31.66% ±25.65) and the concentration of 40 mg /l (0%), respectively. Based on one-way analysis of variance, with increasing the concentration of ammonium nitrate, the percentage of cannibalism decreased significantly (p=0.05).

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Nitrogen pollution
  • Ammonium nitrate
  • Cannibalism
  • Marsh frog
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