اثر جایگزینی سطوح مختلف مخمر ساکارومیسس سرویزیه (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) در جیره غذایی ماهی قزل آلای رنگین کمان (Oncorhynchus mykiss) برای کاهش مصرف پودر ماهی و تاثیرآن ها بر شاخص های رشد، بازماندگی و ترکیبات لاشه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه شیلات، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

چکیده

در تحقیق حاضر تاثیر به کارگیری سطوح مختلف مخمر Saccharomyces cerevisiae در جیره غذایی قزل آلای رنگین ­کمان با هدف کاهش مصرف پودر ماهی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. به این منظور بچه ماهیان به چهار تیمار آزمایشی (هر تیمار با سه تکرار) شامل جیره شاهد (فاقد مخمر) و سطوح مخمر 28، 29، 31 درصد و با نسبت پروتئین یکسان معرفی و تغذیه شدند. در هر واحد آزمایش 10 قطعه ماهی با میانگین وزن 2±48 گرم قرارداده شد و دو بار در روز به میزان 3 درصد وزن بدن به مدت 3 هفته غذادهی شدند. نمونه برداری از ماهیان 21 روز بعد از تغذیه با جیره ­های آزمایشی به منظور تعیین شاخص ­های رشد و ترکیب بیوشیمیایی لاشه انجام شد. نتایج بررسی داده ­ها نشان داد که ماهیان تغذیه شده با جیره های حاوی مخمر ساکارومیسس سرویزیه افزایش وزن، ضریب رشد ویژه و ضریب رشد روزانه بیش تری نسبت به گروه شاهد دارند (0/05>p). بیش ترین ضریب تبدیل غذایی در تیمار شاهد و کم ترین آن در تیمارهای 28 و 29 درصد مخمر مشاهده شد. ترکیب پروتئین، چربی، رطوبت و خاکستر لاشه و نیز میزان بازماندگی اختلاف معنی داری را در جیره های آزمایشی و گروه شاهد نشان نداد (0/05<p). با توجه به نتایج به دست آمده از این مطالعه، نشان داده شد که به کار­گیری مخمر ساکارومیسس سرویزیه در سطح 28 و 29 درصد اثر مثبتی بر شاخص ­های رشد، بازماندگی و ترکیبات لاشه ماهی قزل ­آلای رنگین­ کمان دارد و مخمر می تواند جایگزین مناسبی برای جایگزینی و کاهش مصرف پودر­ ماهی در جیره غذایی ماهی قزل ­آلای رنگین ­کمان باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of substituting different levels of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast in the diet of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to reduce the consumption of fish meal and their effect on growth indices, survival and carcass composition

نویسندگان [English]

  • Gholamreza Rafiee
  • َAida Vafadar
Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

In the present study, the effect of using different levels of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast in the rainbow trout diet was investigated with the aim of reducing the consumption of fish meal. For this purpose, the fish were divided into four treatments (each treatment with three replications) and fed with diets including control diet (no yeast) and yeast levels of 28, 29, 31% and with the same protein ratio. In each experimental unit, 10 fish with an average weight of 48±2 g were placed and fed twice a day at 3% of body weight for 3 weeks. Fish were sampled 21 days after feeding with experimental diets to determine growth indices and carcass composition. The results showed that fish fed a diet containing Saccharomyces cerevisiae had higher weight gain, specific growth rate and daily growth rate than the control group (p<0.05). The highest feed conversion ratio was observed in the control treatment and the lowest in the 28 and 29% yeast treatment. Carcass compositions including protein, fat, moisture, ash and survival rate did not show a significant difference in the experimental diet and the control group (p≥0.05). According to the results of this study, the use of Saccharomyces cerevisiae at the levels of 28 and 29% has a positive effect on growth indices, survival and carcass composition of rainbow trout. Yeast is a suitable alternative to fish meal in rainbow trout diet.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae
  • Diet
  • Rainbow trout
  • Growth indices
  • Nutrition

مراجع

  1. ایمانپور، م.؛ محسنی، م. و کرمی ­نسب، م.، 1398. عملکرد مکمل فیتاز بر جایگزینی پودر ماهی با آرد سویا بر شاخص ­های رشد و برخی پارامترهای خونی و بیوشیمیایی سرم خون ماهی آزاد دریای خزر (caspius trutta Salmo). فصلنامه محیط زیست جانوری. سال 11 ، شماره 4، صفحات 177 تا 186.
  2. توکمه­ چی، ا. و شهرکی، ر.، 1391. اثرات تغذیه ­ای ساکارومایسس سرویزیا غنی­شده با سلنیوم بر رشد و مقاومت ماهی قزل­ آلای رنگین کمان به استرس ­های محیطی و باکتری یرسینیا روکری. فصلنامه محیط زیست جانوری. سال 4، شماره 4، صفحات 49 تا 58.
  3. A.O.A.C. 2000. Official Methods of Analysis. Horwitz W. 18th edition 2000, Washington, DC. pp: 10-18.
  4. Abdel-Tawwab, M.; Abdel-Rahman, A.M. and Ismael, N., 2008. Evaluation of commercial live baker's yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a growth and immunity promoter for fry Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.) challenged in situ with Aeromonas hydrophila. Aquaculture. Vol. 280, No. 5, pp: 185-189.
  5. Alwarez-Gonz´alez, C.A.; Civera-Cerecedo, R.; Ortiz Galindo, J.L.; Dumas, S.; Moreno-Legorreta, M. and Grayeb-Del Alamo, T., 2001. Effect of dietary protein level on growth and body composition of juvenile spotted sand bass, Paralabrax maculatofasciatus, fed practical diets. Aquacul. Vol. 194, pp: 151-159.
  6. Andlid, T.; Juárez, R.V. and Gustafsson, L., 1995. Yeast colonizing the intestine of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) and turbot (Scophthalmus maximus). Microb. Ecol. Vol. 30, pp: 321-334.
  7. Andlid, T.; Va´zquez-Ju´arez, R. and Gustafsson, L., 1998. Yeasts isolated from the intestine of rainbow trout adhere to and grow in intestinal mucus. Mol. Mar. Biol. Biotechnol. Vol. 7, pp: 115-126.
  8. Aubin, J.; Gatesoupe, F.J.; Labbé, L. and Lebrun, L., 2005. Trial of probiotics to prevent the vertebral column compression syndrome in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture Research. Vol. 36, pp: 758-767.
  9. Ballerini, D. and Thcmon, C., 1980. Proceedings of OAPEC Symposium on Petro protein. Kuwait. pp: 153-179.
  10. Ballerini, D. and Thonon, C., 1977. Proceeding of the Regional Seminar on Microbial Conversion Systems for Food and Food Production and Waste Management KISR, Nov. 12-17, Kuwait. pp: 121-129.
  11. Bardócz, S.; Grant, G.; Brown, D.S.; Ralph, A. and Pusztai, A., 1993. Polyamines in food implications for growth and health. J. Biochem. Vol. 4, No. 2, pp: 66-71.
  12. Browdy, C., 1998. Recent developments in penaeid broodstock and seed production technologies: improving the outlook for superior captive stocks. Aquaculture. Vol. 164, No. 1-4, pp: 3-21.
  13. ButsDeK, J.P.; Eiser, N.; Kolanowski, J.; Sokal, E. and Van Hoof, F., 1993. Maturation of villus and crypt cell functions in rat small intestine. Role of dietary polyamines. Dig. Dis. Sci. Vol. 38, No. 6, pp: 1091-1098.
  14. Daniels, C.L.; Merrifield, D.L.; Boothroyd, D.P.; Davies, S.J.; Factor, J.R. and Arnold, K.E., 2010. Effect of dietary Bacillus spp. and mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) on European labsater (Homarus gammaarus ) larvae growth performance, gut morphology and gut microbiota. Aquaculture. Vol. 304, No. 1-4, pp: 49-57.
  15. Fietto, J.L.R.; Araujo, R.S.; Valadao, F.N.; Fietto, L.G.; Brandao, R.L.; Neves, M.J.; Gomes, F.C.O.; Nicoli, J.R. and Castro, I.M., 2004. Molecular and physiological comparisons between Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces boulardii. Can. J. Microbiol. Vol. 50, No. 8, pp: 615-621.
  16. Gatesoupe, FJ., 1999. The use of probiotics in aquaculture. Aquaculture. Vol. 180, pp:147-165.
  17. Gibson, G.R. and Roberfroid, M.B., 1995. Dietary modulation of the clonicclinic microbiamicrobial: introducing the concept of prebiotics. Journal of Vol. 125, No. 6, pp: 1401-12.
  18. Gumus, E.; Aydin, B. and Kanyilmaz, M., 2016. Growth and feed utilization of goldfish (Carassius auratus) fed graded levels of brewers yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences. Vol. 15, No. 3, pp: 1124-1133.
  19. Guroy, D.; Tekinay, A.A. and Davies, S.J., 2012. Use of organically certified yeast in the diet of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): Growth performance, nutrient utilization, and fatty acid composition. Israeli Journal of Aquaculture-Bamidgeh. Vol. 64, pp: 64-722.
  20. Hoseinifar, S.H.; Mirvaghefi, A. and Merrifield, D.L., 2011. The effects of dietary inactive brewers yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. ellipsoideus on the growth, physiological responses and gut microbiota of juvenile beluga (Huso huso). Aquaculture. Vol. 318, pp: 90-94.
  21. Huang, S.S.Y.; Fu, C.H.L.; Higgs, D.A.; Balfry S.K.; Schulte, P.M. aBrauner, C.J., 2008. Effects of dietary canola oil level on growth performance, fatty acid composition and ionoregulatory development of spring chinook salmon parr, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. Aquaculture. Vol. 274, No. 1, pp:109-117.
  22. Krishen, J.R.; Sunil, S. and Mohammad, R.H., 2009. Impact of rising feed ingredient prices on aquafeeds and aquaculture production. FAO fisheries and aquaculture technical paper. 63 p.
  23. Lara-Flores, M.; Olvera-Novoa, MA.; Guzman- Mendez, B.E. and Lopez-Madrid, W., 2003. Use of the bacteria Streptococcus faecium and Lactobacillus acidophilus, and the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as growth promoters in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Aquaculture. Vol. 216, pp: 193- 201.
  24. Li, P. and Gatlin, III D.M., 2005. Evaluation of the prebiotic Grobiotic-A and brewer's yeast as dietary supplements for sub-adult hybrid striped bass (Morone chrysops × saxatilis) challenged in situ with Mycobacterium marinum. Aquaculture. Vol. 248, pp: 197- 205.
  25. Liao, I.C., 1977. Effect of some unternational diet growth and Biochemical of fishJ. of the Fish Soc. of Taiwan. Vol. 5, pp: 1-110.
  26. Mc Dowell, L.R., 1989. Vitamins in Animal Nutrition: Comparative Aspects to Human Nutrition. Academic Press. 486 p.
  27. Nasopoulou, C. and Zabetakis, I., 2012. Benefits of fish oil replacement by plant originated oils in compounded fish feeds. A review. LWT- Food Science and Technology. Vol. 47, pp: 217-224.
  28. Naylor, R.L.; Goldburg, R.J.; Primavera, H.; Kautsky, N.; Beveridge, M.C.M.; Clay, J. and Troell, M., 2000. Effect of aquaculture on world fish supplies. Nature. Vol. 405, No. 6790, pp: 1017-1024.
  29. New, M.B. and Wijkstroem, U.N., 2002. Use of fishmeal and fish oil in aquafeeds. Further thoughts on the fishmeal trap. FAO Fish. Vol. 975, 71 p.
  30. Noh, S.H.; Han, K.; Won, T.H. and Choi, Y.J., 1994. Effect of antibiotics, enzyme, yeast culture and probiotics on the growth performance of Israeli carp. Korean Journal of Animal Science. Vol. 36, pp: 480-486.
  31. Ohkouchi, H.; Iesaka, H. and Nagai, I., 1980. Proceeding of OAPEC Symposium of Petroprotein. Kuwait. pp: 333-355.
  32. Oliva-Teles, A. and Goncalves, P., 2001. Partial replacement of fishmeal by brewers yeast Saccaromyces cerevisae in diets for sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax Aquaculture. Vol. 202, pp: 269- 278.
  33. Ozório, R.O.A.; Portz, L.; Borghesi, R. and Cyrino J.E.P., 2012. Effects of Dietary Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisia) Supplementation in Practical Diets of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Animals. Vol. 2, pp: 16-24.
  34. Quentel, C.; Gatesoupe, FJ.; Aubin, J.; Lamour, F.; Abiven, A.; Baud, M.; Labbé, L. and Forraz, M., 2005. Ofimer probiotic study on rainbow trout. I: Resistance against Yersinia ruckeri and humoral immune response of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) submitted to probiotic treatment with Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii. EAS Special Publication. No .35.
  35. Rodrigo, O.; Ozório, A.; Portz, L.; Borghesi, R. and Cyrino, J.E.P., 2012. Effects of Dietary Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisia) Supplementation in Practical diets of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Aquaculture Research. Vol. 2, pp: 16-24.
  36. Rumsey, G.L.; Winfree, R.A. and Hughes, S.G., 1992. Nutritional values of dietary nucleic acids and purine bases to rainbow trout. Aquaculture. Vol. 108, pp: 97-110.
  37. Schipp, G., 2008. Is the use of Fishmeal and Fish oil in Aquaculture Diets Sustainable? Technote. Vol. 124, pp: 1-15.
  38. Schulz, E. and Oslage, H.J., 1976. Composition and nutritive value of single-cell protein (SCP). Anim. Feed Sci. and Technal. Vol. 1, No. 1, pp: 9-24.
  39. Tabor, C.W., Tabor, H., 1984. Polyamines.Annual Review of Biochemistry. Vol. 53, pp: 749-790.
  40. Tovar -Ramı́rez, D.; Zambonino-Infante, J.L.; Cahu, C.; Gatesoupe, F.J.; Vázquez-Juárez, R. and Lésel, V.R., 2002. Effect of live yeast incorporation in compound diet on digestive enzyme activity in sea bass larvae. Aquaculture. Vol. 204, pp: 113- 123.
  41. Tuominen, T.R. and Esmark, M., 2003. Food for thought: the use of marine resources in fish feed. Report Number 02/03. WWF Norway. 53 p.
  42. Turchini, G.M.; Mentasti, T.; Frøyland, L.; Orban, E.; Caprino, F.; Moretti, V.M. and Valfr´e, F., 2003. Effects of alternative dietary lipid sources on performance, tissue chemical composition, mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation capabilities and sensory characteristics in brown trout (Salmo trutta ). Aquaculture. Vol. 225, pp: 251-267.
  43. Vázquez-Juárez, R.; Andlid, T. and Gustafsson, L., 1997. Adhesion of yeast isolated from fish gut to crude intestinal mucus of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri. Mol. Mar. Biol. Biotechnol. Vol. 6, pp: 64-71.
  44. Vulevic, J.; Rastall, R.A. and Gibson, G.R., 2004. Developing a quantitative approach for determining the in vitro prebiotic potential of dietary oligosaccharides. FEMS Microbiol Letters. Vol. 236, pp: 153-159.
  45. Wache, Y.; Auffray, F.; Gatesoupe, F.J.; Zambonino, J.; Gayet, V.; Labbe, L. and Quentel, C., 2006. Cross effects of the strain of dietary Saccharomyces cerevisiae and rearing conditions on the onset of intestinal microbiota and digestive enzymes in rainbow trout, Onchorhynchus mykiss, fry. Aquaculture. Vol. 258, pp: 470-478.
فصلنامه محیط زیست جانوری
دوره 13، شماره 3
مهر 1400
صفحه 201-208

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار