توسعه سواحل مکران و آلودگی های زیست محیطی حاصل از آن در دریای عمان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه حقوق محیط زیست، دانشکده محیط زیست و منابع طبیعی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

2 گروه حقوق عمومی و بین الملل، دانشکده حقوق، دانشگاه قم، قم، ایران

3 گروه حقوق، دانشکده حقوق، واحد تهران مرکز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

سواحل غنی مکران از جاسک تا گواتر بیش از 600 کیلومتر مربع است که یکی از پنج حوزه استراتژیک جهان محسوب می شود. اهمیت دریای عمان در  زمینه  حمل و نقل، تامین انرژی، منابع عظیم معدنی و برقراری توازن زیست محیطی بر جهانیان آشکار است. در خصوص معضلات زیست محیطی  به دریای عمان کم تر پرداخته شده است،  در این پژوهش با استفاده از گزارشات ادارات کل حفاظت محیط زیست استان های ساحلی و فهرست جامعی از معیارهای زیست محیطی، به عنوان فهرست نهایی تصمیم گیری برگزیده شده اند لذا در این راستا پس از استفاده از نظرات و ارزیابی های گروهی از متخصصین به روش دلفی  همچنین به منظور دستیابی به وزن نسبی و نهایی هر یک از این عوامل، از طریق وارد کردن مقادیر ترجیحات به نرم افزار Expert Choice  اقدام گردید. نتایج به دست آمده حاکی از آن است که عامل توسعه زیرساختی با 44/5 درصد بیش ترین تاثیر را در تهدیدات زیستی سواحل مکران داشته است که آلودگی اسکله های چهارگانه با 25/1 درصد بیش ترین تاثیر را از بین معیارهای آلودگی زیرساختی به عنوان یکی از مهم ترین ریسک زیست محیطی در منطقه مورد مطالعه می باشد. هم چنین طبق بررسی های صورت گرفته اعمال قوانین و مقررات زیست محیطی به عنوان مهم ترین اقدام در جهت رفع تهدیدات محیط زیستی برشمرده شده است. البته طبق مطالعه توسعه منطقه بدون ارزیابی اثرات زیست محیطی صورت پذیرفته است

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Development of Makran beaches and its environmental pollution in the Oman Sea

نویسندگان [English]

  • Shahrzad Kashef 1
  • Ali Mashhadi 2
  • Mansour Pournouri 3
1 Department of Environmental Law, Faculty of Environment and Natural Sciences, Sciences and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Public and International Law, Faculty of Law, University of Qom, Qom, Iran
3 Department of Law, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Makran's rich coasts from Jask to Goater, including coastal promontories, it is more than 600 square kilometers, which is one of the five strategic areas of the world. The importance of the Oman Sea to the world in the fields of transportation, energy supply, huge mineral resources and environmental balance is evident. Whenever there is talk of environmental problems in the waters of southern Iran, all attention has been focused on the Persian Gulf and less on the Oman Sea, so that we are faced with scarce resources. In this research, using the reports of the general environmental protection departments of the coastal provinces and a comprehensive list of environmental criteria, they have been selected as the final list for decision-making, so in this regard, after using the opinions and evaluations of a group of experts Delphi was also used in order to obtain the relative and final weight of each of these factors by entering the values of preferences into the Expert Choice software. The obtained results indicate that the factor of infrastructural development with 44.5% had the most impact on the biological threats of Makran beaches, and the pollution of the four quays with 25.1% had the most impact among the infrastructure pollution criteria as one of the It is the most important environmental risk in the study area. According to the surveys, the application of environmental laws and regulations is listed as the most important measure to eliminate environmental threats. Of course, according to the study, the development of the region has been done without evaluating the environmental effects.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Environmental pollution
  • Desalination
  • Makran coasts
  • Sustainable and valuable ecosystems in the region of Makran
  • Oman sea
  1. Razavi, M.H. and Tavakoli, Y. 2022. Development of Makran beaches; A new development in Iran's Islamic governance. Journal on Islamic Revolution. 11(40): 151-169. (In Persian)
  2. Nouri, Gh. And Ehsanzadeh, N., 2012. Studying and introducing the tourist attractions of Makran beaches (Case study: Mangrove forests of Goater Chabahar). National conference on the development of Makran coasts and maritime authority of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Ministry of Science, Research and Technology. University of Navigation and Marine Sciences. (In Persian)
  3. Aliabad, M.K., Nassiri, M. and Kor, K., 2019. Microplastics in the surface seawaters of Chabahar Bay, Gulf of Oman (Makran Coasts). Marine Pollution Bulletin. 143: 125-133. (In Persian)
  4. M., 2015. Investigating the regional advantages of Makran coast with the approach of resistance economy. Islamic Council Research Center. 69 p. (In Persian)
  5. Hafezieh, M. and Dadgar, Sh., 2016. Environmental effects of aquaculture in cages. Journal of green wave. 51(3): 24-31. (In Persian)
  6. Iranian Fisheries Organization. 2017. Statistical Yearbook of Iranian Fisheries Organization. Gilan image Ink. Tehran. 64 p. (In Persian)
  7. Taghvi, L., Mohibian, M. and Saadatian, S., 2016. Investigating the effects of industrial desalination on the aquatic ecosystem of the Persian Gulf. Journal of Sustainability, Development and Environment. 3(3): 1-13. (In Persian)
  8. Rabi Purkismi, R., Mohammadvali Samani, J., Mazaheri, M. and Hamidi Razi, H., 2016. Investigating the distribution of desalination effluents in the Oman Sea in Bandar Jask region using the numerical model of MOHID Water. The 16th Iranian Hydraulics Conference, Ardabil. (In Persian)
  9. Moghani, L. and Ghasemi, S., 2013. Environmental effects caused by desalination effluents and strategies to reduce adverse effects. 3rd National Conference on Health, Environment and Sustainable Development. Bandar Abbas. (In Persian)
  10. Hodaei, A.A., Saed Mochshi, M. and Negahban, S., 2012. Investigating and understanding coastal environmental pollution in Chabahar city and providing solutions for sustainable coastal management. National conference on the development of Makran coasts and maritime authority of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Ministry of Science, Research and Technology. University of Navigation and Marine Sciences. (In Persian)
  11. Mashhadi, A., 2007. Marine environmental rights and the spread of the red tide phenomenon in Persian Gulf Region. Iranian Yearbook of International and Comparative Law. No. 4. (In Persian)
  12. Mokhtari, A., Valiolahi, J., Mohammadi, S. and Khodami, Sh., 2011. Evaluation of the environmental effects of the development of shrimp farming in Goater Chabahar breeding complex. Journal of Wetland Ecobiology. 3(9): 15-21. (In Persian)
  13. Kamranzad, B., Chegini, V. and Etemad-Shahidi, A., 2016. Temporal-spatial variation of wave energy and nearshore hotspots in the Gulf of Oman based on locally generated wind waves. Renewable Energy. 94(3): 341-352
  14. Danehkar, A. and Pour Khashordi, S.Z., 2008. Process of oil pollution of the sea, Environmental Organization, Proceedings of the National Conference on the Position of the Persian Gulf in the Strategic Developments of the World, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar Branch. (In Persian)
  15. Asgharpour, M.J., 2003. Group decision-making and game theory with the attitude of research in operations. Tehran. Tehran University Press. (In Persian)