اثرات اوره آهسته ‎رهش و ملاس، بر رفتار خوردن و سرعت مصرف خوراک در بره های پرواری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 بخش تحقیقات علوم دامی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی صفی‌آباد، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، دزفول، ایران

2 گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده علوم دامی و صنایع غذایی، دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ملاثانی، ایران

3 گروه علوم پایه، دانشکده دامپزشکی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران

چکیده

هدف از انجام این آزمایش بررسی اثرات استفاده از اوره آهسته رهش و ملاس، بر رفتار خوردن و سرعت مصرف خوراک در گوسفندان پرواری بود. این آزمایش با استفاده از یک طرح آماری کاملاً تصادفی با 5 تیمار (جیره های آزمایشی) شامل دو نوع منبع نیتروژن غیر پروتیینی (اوره معمولی و اوره آهسته رهش) با و بدون ملاس (صفر و 20 درصد) و گروه شاهد (بدون افزودن منبع نیتروژن غیر پروتیینی) با استفاده از تعداد 35 راس بره نر عربی انجام شد. ترکیب جیره ها شامل 30 درصد علوفه و 70 درصد بخش کنسانتره‌ای بود. در طول دوره پرواربندی جیره‌ غذایی در دو نوبت 8 صبح و 16 عصر، به صورت انفرادی، در حد اشتها و به صورت کاملاً مخلوط، در اختیار برّه‌ها قرار ‌گرفت. در پایان دوره اندازه‌گیری رفتار خوردن به صورت چشمی و هر 5 دقیقه یک بار طی یک دوره 24 ساعته و سرعت مصرف خوراک طی یک دوره 8 ساعته انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که افزودن ملاس باعث کاهش مدت زمان نشخوار (0/001>P) و افزایش سرعت مصرف خوراک (0/05>P) شد ولی مدت فعالیت جویدن تحت تاثیر منبع نیتروژن و افزودن ملاس قرار نگرفت. جیره´های حاوی منابع نیتروژن غیر پروتیینی در مقایسه با جیره شاهد، باعث کاهش مدت زمان خوردن شدند (0/02=P) استفاده از اوره معمولی در مقایسه با جیره شاهد باعث کاهش سرعت مصرف خوراک شد (0/05>P). نتایج آزمایش حاضر نشان داد که جایگزینی اوره معمولی با اوره آهسته رهش و نیز همراه شدن ملاس با آن، اثرات نامطلوبی بر رفتار خوردن و سرعت مصرف خوراک نداشت.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of slow release urea and molasses on eating behavior and feed intake rate in fattening lambs

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammadreza Mashayekhi 1
  • Mohsen Sari 2
  • Naeem Erfani Majd 3
1 Animal Science Research Department, Safiabad Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension (AREEO), Dezful, Iran
2 Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Industry, Khuzestan University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Molasani, Iran
3 Department of Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
چکیده [English]

The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of slow release urea and molasses on eating behavior and feed intake rate in fattening lambs. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments (experimental diets) including, control (without sources of non-protein nitrogen), two sources of non-protein nitrogen (common urea and SRU) with or without molasses and 7 replicates and with using 35 Arabian lambs. Forage to concentrate ratio of diets was 30 to 70. During the fattening period, the lambs were fed the total mixed ration, individually and ad libitum, twice daily at 8 am and 4 pm. At the end of the fattening period, eating behavior was measured visually every 5 minutes over a 24-hour period and feed intake rate over a 8-hour period. The results showed that the addition of molasses reduced the ruminant duration (P<0.001) and increased the feed intake rate (P<0.05), but the duration of chewing activity was not affected by the nitrogen source and the addition of molasses. Diets containing non-protein nitrogen sources reduced the eating duration compared to the control diet (P=0.02). Compared to the control diet, using common urea, reduced the feed intake rate (P<0.05). The results of this experiment showed that the replacement of common urea with slow-release urea and the association of molasses with it, did not have adverse effects on eating behavior and feed intake rate.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Common urea
  • Eating behavior
  • Molasses
  • Slow release urea
  1. Mertens, D.R., 1997. Creating a system for meeting the fiber requirements of dairy cows. Journal of dairy science. 80: 1463-1481.
  2. Forbes, J.M., 2003. The multifactorial nature of food intake control. Journal of animal science. 81: 139-144.
  3. Kenney, P. and Black, J.L., 1984. Factors affecting diet selection by sheep. I. Potential intake rate and acceptability of food. Australian journal of agricultural research. 35: 5511-5563.
  4. Jalali, A.R., Norgaard, P., Weisbjerg, M.R. and Nielsen, M.O., 2012. Effect of forage quality on intake, chewing activity, faecal particle size, distribution, and digestibility of neutral detergent fibre in sheep, goats and llamas. Small ruminant research. 103: 143-151.
  5. Huntington, G.B., Harmon, D.L., Kristensen, N.B., Hanson, K.C. and Spears, J.W., 2006. Effects of a slow-release urea source on absorption of ammonia and endogenous production of urea by cattle. Animal feed science and technology. 130(3): 225-241.
  6. Satter, L.D. and Roffler, R.E., 1975. Nitrogen requirement and utilization in dairy cattle. Journal of dairy science. 58: 1219-1237.
  7. Taylor-Edwards, C.C., Hibbard, G., Kitts, S.E., McLeod, K.R., Axe, D.E. and Vanzant, E.S., 2009. Effects of slow-release urea on ruminal digesta characteristics and growth performance in beef steers. Journal of animal science. 87: 200-208.
  8. Firkins, J.L., Oldick, B.S., Pantoja, J., Reveneau, C., Gilligan, L.E. and Carver, L., 2008. Efficacy of liquid feeds varying in concentration and composition of fat, nonprotein nitrogen, and non-fiber carbohydrates for lactating dairy cows. Journal of dairy science. 91: 1969-1984.
  9. Miller-Cushon, E.K., Terre. M., DeVries, T.J. and Bach, A., 2014. The effect of palatability of protein source on dietary selection in dairy calves. Journal of dairy science. 97 :1-11.
  10. Burque, A.R., Abdullah, M., Babar, M.E., Javed, K. and Nawaz, H., 2008. Effect of urea feeding on feed intake and performance of male buffalo calves. J. Anim. PI. Sci. 18(1): 1-5.
  11. Mashayekhi, M., Sari, M. and Erfani majd, N., 2020. Evaluation of the effects of adding conventional urea and slow release urea to diets containing molasses on microbial fermentation by gas production method. Journal of Animal Environment. 12(4): 103-110. (DOI): 10.22034/AEJ.2020.124926. (In Persian)
  12. NRC. 2007. Nutrient requirements of small ruminants: sheep, goats, cervide, and new world camelids. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
  13. SAS. 2003. SAS User’s Guide: Statistics, Version 9.1 Edition. SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA.
  14. Kaske, M. and Groth, A., 1997. Changes in factors affecting the rate of digesta passage during pregnancy and lactation in sheep fed on hay. Reproduction nutrition development. 37: 573-588.
  15. Forbes, J.M., Wright, J.A. and Bannister, A., 1972. A note on rate of eating in sheep. Animal production. 42: 79-84.
  16. Hosinkhani, A., Moradi, M., Daghighkia, H., Alijani, S. and Taghizadeh, A., 2013. Using restaurant waste in finishing rations of lambs: Eating behavior and rumen health. Journal of Ruminant Research. 1(2): 1-16. (In Persian)
  17. Baumont, R., Prache, S., Meuret, M. and Morand-Fehr, P., 2000. How forage characteristics influence behaviour and intake in small ruminants: a review. Livestock production science. 64: 15-28.
  18. Cooper, S.B.D., Kyriazakis, I. and Oldham, J.D., 1996. The effects of physical form of feed, carbohydrate source, and inclusion of sodium bicarbonate on the diet selections of sheep. J. Anim. Sci. 74: 1240-1251.
  19. Carter, R.R. and Grovum, W.L.,1990. A review of the physiological significance of hypertonic body fluids on feed intake and ruminal function: salivation, motility and microbes. Journal of animal science. 68: 2811-2832.
  20. Schwartzkopf-Genswein, K.S., Beauchemin, K.A., Gibb, D.J., Crews, D.H., Hickman, D.D., Streeter, M. and McAllister, T.A., 2003. Effect of bunk management on feeding behavior, ruminal acidosis and performance of feedlot cattle: A review. Journal of animal science. 81: 149-158.
  21. Broderick, G.A., Luchini, N.D., Reynal, S.M., Varga, G.A. and Ishler, V.A., 2008. Effect on Production of Replacing Dietary Starch with Sucrose in Lactating Dairy Cows. Journal of dairy science. 91(12): 4801-4810.