Antiparasitic effects of Lawsonia inermis, Satureja khuzestanica and Citrullus colocynthis on fish parasite: Ichthyophthirius multifiliis

Document Type : (original research)

Authors

Department of Clinical sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

Abstract

In this study the antiparasatic effect of three herbal extract Lawsonia inermis, Satureja khuzestanica and Citrullus colocynthis on  Ichthyophthirius multifiliis were investigated. Firstly, the hydro alcoholic extract of plants was prepared according to maceration method. Then theront and tomont stages of parasite isolated from heavily infected rainbow trout and were exposed to serial increasing two-fold dilution of each extract. Immobilized (dead) parasites were recorded every 4 hours for 12 hours in each dilution and 12 h LD50 of each extract calculated using probite method. Malachite green used as positive control. Results showed that 12h LD50 of L. inermis, S. khuzestanica and C. colocynthis and Malachite on parasite tomont were 4.68, 2.32, 5.21 and 0.24 mg/l respectively; meanwhile 12 h LD50 of mentioned extract on theront were 0.57, 0.45, 2.37 and 0.121 respectively. According to results it can be concluded that Although L. inermis, and S. khuzestanica showed mild anti parasitic effects against Ichthyophthirious; these effect was insignificant compare to therapeutics such as malachite green. These extracts can be used as a complementary treatment along with chemical treatment.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  1. Lin, D.J., Hua, Y.N., Zhang, Q.Z., Xu, D.H., Fu, Y.W., Liu, Y.M. and Zhou, S.Y., 2016. Evaluation of medicated feeds with antiparasitical and immune-enhanced Chinese herbal medicines against Ichthyophthirius multifiliis in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus). Parasitology research.  115 (6): 2473-2483. ‏
  2. Liang, H., Fu, Y.W., Zhang, Q.Z., Xu, D.H., Wang, B. and Lin, D.J., 2015. Identification and effect of two flavonoids from root bark of Morus alba against Ichthyophthirius multifiliis in grass carp. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 63(5): 1452-1459.
  3. Zheng, , Yan, C.M., Zhang, Y.B., Li, Z.H., Li, Z., Li, X.Y., Wang, Z.W., Wang, X., Chen, W.Q. and Yu, X.H., 2015. Antiparasitic efficacy of gracillin and zingibernsis newsaponin from Costus speciosus (Koen ex. Retz) Sm. against Ichthyophthirius multifiliis. Parasitology 142: 473-479.
  4. Liu, Y.M., Zhang, Q.Z., Xu, D.H., Fu, Y.W., Lin, D.J. and Zhou, S.Y., 2017. Antiparasitic efficacy of commercial curcumin against Ichthyophthirius multifiliis in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus). Aquaculture. 480: 65-70. ‏
  5. Rintamäki-Kinnunen, P., Rahkonen, M., Mannermaa Keränen, A.L., Suomalainen, L.R., Mykrä, H. and Valtonen, E.T., 2005. Treatment of ichthyophthiriasis after malachite green. I. Concrete tanks at salmonid farms. Diseases of aquatic organisms. 64(1): 69-76. ‏
  6. Liu, Y.M., Zhang, Q.Z., Xu, D.H., Fu, Y.W., Lin, D.J., Zhou, S.Y. and Li, J.P., 2017. Antiparasitic efficacy of curcumin from Curcuma longa against Ichthyophthirius multifiliis in grass carp. Veterinary parasitology. 236: 128-136.‏
  7. Straus, D.L. and Meinelt, T., 2009. Acute toxicity of peracetic acid formulations to Ichthyophthirius multifiliisParasitology research. 104(5): 1237-1241. ‏
  8. Rowland, S.J., Mifsud, C., Nixon, M., Read, P. and Landos, M., 2008. Use of formalin and copper to control ichthyophthiriosis in the Australian freshwater fish silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus Mitchell). Aquaculture research. 40(1): 44-54. ‏
  9. Valladão, G.M.R., Gallani, S.U. and Pilarski, F., 2015. Phytotherapy as an alternative for treating fish disease. Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics. 38(5): 417-428. ‏
  10. Song, G., Ling, F., Huang, A.G., Dong, W.J., Liu, G.L., Jiang, C., Zhang, Q.Z. and Wang, G.X., 2015. In vitro and in vivo assessment of the effect of antiprotozoal compounds isolated from Psoralea corylifolia against  Ichthyophthirius multifiliis in fish. Int. J. Parasitol. Drugs Drug Resist. 5: 58-64.
  11. Goel, , Kunnumakkara, A.B. and Aggarwal, B.B., 2008. Curcumin as “curecumin”: from kitchen to clinic. Biochem. Pharmacol. 75: 787-809.
  12. Yi, L., Lu, C., Hu, X.G., Ling, F. and Wang, G.X., 2012. Antiprotozoal activity of medicinal plants against Ichthyophthirius multifiliis in goldfish (Carassius auratus). Parasitol. Res. 111: 1771-1778.
  13. Anna, T., Harikrishnan, T.J., Meenakshisundaram, A., Arunachalam, K., Suriya, K. and Narendran, R.R., 2016. Anticoccidial effects of Lawsonia inermis against caecal coccidiosis in broilers. 2: 246.
  14. Ameen, F., Al-Niaeem, K., Taher, M.M. and Sultan, F.A., 2018. Potential of plant extracts to inhibit the Ichthyophonus infection in blue tilapia: A preliminary study in vitro. National Academy science letters. 41(2): 129-132.
  15. Swarnakar, G. and Kumaw, A., 2014. In vitro anthelmintic effect of Citrullus colocynthis on tegument of amphistome Orthocoelium scoliocoelium (Trematoda: Digenea). Int.J.Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci. 3(6): 571-582.
  16. Gurudeeban, S., Rajamanickam, E., Ramanathan, T. and Satyavani, K., 2010. Antimicrobial activity of Citrullus colocynthis in gulf of Mannar. International Journal of Current Research. 2: 078081.
  17. Alishahi, M., Halimi, M., Khansari, A. and Yavari, V., 2016. Extracts of O liviera decumbens and S atureja khuzestanica as immunostimulants affect some innate immunity indices of Cyprinus carpio against Aeromonas hydrophila Aquaculture research. 47(9): 2909-2916.
  18. Buchmann, , Jensen, P.B. and Kruse, K.D., 2003. Effects of sodium percarbonate and garlic extract on Ichthyophthirius multifiliis theronts and tomocysts: in vitro experiments. N. Am. J. Aqualcult. 65: 21-24.
  19. Zhou, S.Y., Liu, Y.M., Zhang, Q.Z., Fu, Y.W. and Lin, D.J., 2018. Evaluation of an antiparasitic compound extracted from Polygonum cuspidatum against Ichthyophthirius multifiliis in grass carp. Veterinary parasitology. 253: 22-25. ‏
  20. Dickerson, H.W. and Findly, R.C., 2014. Immunity to Ichthyophthirius infections in fish: a synopsis. Developmental & Comparative Immunology. 43(2): 290-299.‏
  21. Shariat, S., 1992. Extracting and extracting the effective substances of medicinal plants and their identification and evaluation methods. Mani Publications, first edition. 8-20
  22. Rahuman, A., Gopalakrishnan, G., Venkatesan, P. and Geetha, K., 2008. Larvicidal activity of some Euphorbiaceae plant extracts against Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae). Parasitol. Res. 102: 867-873.
  23. Alishahi, M. and Buchmann, K., 2006. Temperature-dependent protection against Ichthyophthirius multifiliis following immunisation of rainbow trout using live theronts. Diseases of aquatic organisms. 72(3): 269-273. ‏
  24. Zhang, Z., Xu, D.H. and Klesius, P.H., 2013. Evaluation of an antiparasitic compound extracted from Galla chinensis against fish parasite Ichthyophthirius multifiliis. Veterinary Parasitology. 198(1-2): 45-53.
  25. Ling, , Lu, C., Tu, X., Yi, Y.L., Huang, A.G., Zhang, Q.Z. and Wang, G.X., 2013. Antiprotozoal screening of traditional medicinal plants: evaluation of crude extract of Psoralea corylifolia against Ichthyophthirius multifiliis in goldfish.
  26. Picon-Camacho, M., Taylor, N.G.H., Bron, J.E., Guo, F.C. and Shinn, A.P., 2012. Effects of long duration, low  dose bronopol exposure on the control of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ciliophora), parasitising rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum). Vet. Parasitol. 186: 237-244.
  27. Mirzaei, F., Bafghi, A.F. and Mohaghegh, M., 2016. In vitro anti-leishmanial activity of Satureja hortensis and Artemisia dracunculusextracts on Leishmania major J Parasit Dis. 40: 1571-1574. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s12639-015-0730-9
  28. Wasim, B., Iqbal, Z., Nisar Khan, M. and Muhammad, Gh., 2012. An Inventory of the Plants Used for Parasitic Ailments of Animals. Pakistan Veterinary Journal. 32(2).
  29. Al-Ardi, M.H., 2020. The uses of gold nanoparticles and Citrullus colocynthis nanoparticles against of Giardia lamblia in vivo. Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health, 8: 1282-1286. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cegh.2020.04. 028.
Journal of Animal Environment
Volume 13, Issue 4
January 2022
Pages 185-192

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics