بررسی تنوع زیستی، فراوانی و زی‌توده ماکروبنتوزها در سواحل جنوبی دریای خزر

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

پژوهشکده اکولوژی دریای خزر ، موسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، ساری ، ایران

چکیده

این پژوهش در راستای طرح تحقیقاتی پایش اکولوژیک دریای خزر تا عمق 30 متر طی سال های 98-1397 انجام شد. نمونه برداری از بستر منطقه جنوبی دریای خزر در 8 نیم خط عمود بر ساحل در منطقه آستارا، انزلی، سفیدرود، تنکابن، نوشهر، بابلسر، امیرآباد و ترکمن به وسیله نمونه بردار گرب انجام  شد. نمونه برداری به صورت فصلی صورت گرفت. هدف از این تحقیق بررسی تنوع گونه ای، تراکم و زی توده و پراکنش محلی گونه های مختلف ماکروبنتوز بوده است. در مجموع تعداد  16 گونه شناسایی شد که متعلق به 7 خانواده و از  رده های Polychaeta (پرتاران)، Crustacea (سخت پوستان) و Bivalvia (دوکفه ای ها) بوده اند. علاوه بر آن، کم تاران درحد رده (Oligochaeta) مورد شناسایی قرار گرفته اند. رده پرتاران 59 درصد ازکل تراکم ماکروبنتوزها را به خود اختصاص داده ولی میزان زی توده این رده برابر با 1 درصد کل زی توده ماکروبنتوزها بوده است. در مقابل، گونه Cerastoderma  glaucum از رده دو کفه ای ها با این که فقط 6/3 درصد از تراکم کل ماکروبنتوزها را تشکیل داد اما 59/9 درصد از کل زی توده را به خود اختصاص داده است. میزان شاخص های تنوع در بهار دارای بیش ترین مقدار و در تابستان کم ترین مقدار را داشت. رده پرتاران (Polychaeta) دارای بیش ترین پراکنش محلی (100%) و از رده Malacostraca گونه های Pterocuma sowinskyi و Cardiophila baeri دارای کم ترین پراکنش محلی (8/2%) بودند. کم ترین و بیش ترین میانگین (±خطای استاندارد) تراکم به ترتیب در فصل زمستان و بهار به ترتیب 81/1±408 عدد در متر مربع و 246/2±1225 عدد در متر مربع بود. نتیجه گیری این که، افزایش زی توده صدف های دوکفه ای در مقابل کاهش تراکم آن می تواند به دلیل بزرگ جثه بودن و داشتن پوسته صدفی باشد و افزایش میزان شاخص های تنوع در بهار می تواند به دلیل حضور گونه های مختلف جهت تولیدمثلی بعد از دوره زمستان گذرانی باشد که با ترکم ماکروبنتوز در بهار هم خوانی دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Study of biodiversity, frequency and biomass of macrobenthos in the southern coastal of the Caspian Sea

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Ali Afraei Bandpei
  • Matin Shakoori
  • Abolghasem Roohi
  • Hassan Nasrollahzadeh Saravi
  • Mehdi Naderi Jolodar
  • Iraj Rajabi
Caspian Sea Ecology Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Agriculture Research, Education and Extension Organization, Sari, Iran
چکیده [English]

This research was carried out based on ecological monitoring of the Caspian Sea in depth of 30 meters project during 2018-2019. Sampling from the bed sediments of the southern Caspian Sea in 8 transects including Astara, Anzali, Sefidrood, Tonekabon, Nowshahr, Babolsar, Amirabad and Turkmen was done by a cat sampler. Sampling was done seasonally. The aim of this study was to investigate the species diversity, density and biomass and local distribution of different macrobenthos species. A total of 16 species were identified, belonging to 7 families which of Polychaeta, Crustacea and Bivalvia were found. In addition, Oligochaeta have been identified. The polychaeta comprised 59% of the total macrobenthos density. In contrast, Cerastoderma glaucum, although the frequency was 6.3% of the total density of macrobenthos, but comprised 59.9% of the total biomass. The results showed that the diversity indices had the highest value in spring and the lowest in summer. Polychaeta had the highest local distribution (100%) and Malacostraca Pterocuma sowinskyi and Cardiophila baeri had the lowest (8.2%). The lowest and highest mean (±SE) densities were recorded in winter and spring with 408±81.1 ind.m-2 and 1225±246.2 ind.m-2, respectively. In conclusion, the increase in biomass of bivalve molluscs versus the decrease in density can be due to the large size and having oyster shell and the increase in diversity indices in spring can be due to the presence of different species for reproduction after wintering period which is consistent with the density of macrobenthos in the spring.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Diversity
  • Distribution
  • Density
  • Biomass
  • Macrobenthos
  • Caspian Sea

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فصلنامه محیط زیست جانوری
دوره 13، شماره 4
دی 1400
صفحه 217-224

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