برآورد پارامترهای ژنتیکی نمره سلول های بدنی و ماندگاری در گاوهای هلشتاین ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم دامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

2 گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی و گروه بیوانفورماتیک، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران

3 گروه علوم دام و طیور، پردیس ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران، پاکدشت، تهران، ایران

4 گروه پژوهشی شترمرغ، پژوهشکده دام‌های خاص، پژوهشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران

10.22034/AEJ.2021.281675.2522

چکیده

سوددهی در گاوهای شیری بستگی به ماندگاری حیوان در گله دارد که از طریق کاهش حذف غیراختیاری و افزایش حذف اختیاری در گله فراهم می­ شود. هدف از تحقیق حاضر بررسی عوامل غیر ژنتیکی موثر بر صفت ماندگاری و برآورد پارامترهای ژنتیکی صفات ماندگاری و نمره سلول­ های بدنی در گاوهای هلشتاین ایران بود. بدین منظور از اطلاعات 277715 رأس گاو که مابین سال­ های 1380 تا 1397 توسط مرکز اصلاح نژاد دام کشور جمع ­آوری شده بود، استفاده شد. ماندگاری به صورت طول عمر، تعداد روزهای شیردهی طول عمر، تولید شیر، چربی و پروتئین طول عمر تعریف شده و با استفاده از دو بسته نرم ­افزاری survival و cmprsk عوامل موثر بر صفات و خطر خذف تعیین گردید. مولفه ­های واریانس صفات ماندگاری بر مبنای توزیع نمایی و داده­ های سنسور شده به همراه صفت نمره سلول­ های بدنی با استفاده از تجزیه و تحلیل دو صفتی توسط روش نمونه ­گیری گیبس برآورد گردید. نتایج نشان داد که اثر گله، سال و فصل زایش و سن زایش گاو بر تمامی صفات ماندگاری معنی ­دار بود (0/001>P). گاوهایی با درجه سخت­ زایی بالا نسبت به سایر گاوها دارای ریسک حذف بالاتری بوده و ریسک حذف برای گاوهای زایش کرده در فصل بهار نسبت به سایر فصول بالاتر بود (به استثنای طول عمر). دامنه وراثت­ پذیری برای صفات مختلف ماندگاری بین 0/076 تا 0/186 متغییر بوده و وراثت ­پذیری صفت نمره سلول­ های بدنی 0/31 برآورد شد. نتایج نشان داد که انتخاب ژنتیکی برای نمره سلول­ های بدنی و برخی صفات ماندگاری مانند تولید پروتئین طول عمر می ­تواند در بهبود این صفات موثر باشد اگرچه به خاطر معنی­ دار بودن عوامل محیطی بر روی صفات ماندگاری، باید این عوامل نیز مورد توجه قرار گیرد. همبستگی ژنتیکی و باقی مانده بین نمره سلول­ های بدنی با صفات ماندگاری منفی و مقدار همبستگی ژنتیکی بین صفات نسبت به همبستگی باقی مانده آن ها بالاتر بود. بنابراین انتخاب ژنتیکی برای نمره سلول­ های بدنی و در نظر گرفتن آن به عنوان معیار انتخاب در برنامه­ های اصلاح نژادی می ­تواند به طور غیرمستقیم صفات ماندگاری در گاوهای هلشتاین ایران را بهبود بخشد. افزایش ماندگاری و بهبود آن نه تنها از نظر اقتصادی اهمیت دارد بلکه موجب بهبود رفاه در حیوانات نیز می­ گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Estimation of genetic parameters of somatic cell score and longevity in Iranian Holstein cows

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahdiyeh Rakhshani nejad 1
  • Naser Emam Jomeh Kashan 1
  • Mohammad Rokouei 2 3
  • Mehdi Amin Afshar 1
  • Hadi Faraji- Arough 4
1 Department of Animal Science, Science and Research branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and department of bioinformatics, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
3 Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Pakdasht, Tehran,
4 Department of Ostrich, Special Domestic Animals Institute, Research Institute of Zabol, Zabol, Iran,
چکیده [English]

Profitability in dairy herds depend on animal survival in the herd, which is provided by reducing involuntary culling and increasing the voluntary culling in the herd. The aim of this study was to investigate the non-genetic factors affecting longevity and to estimate the genetic parameters of longevity and somatic cell score in Iranian Holstein cows. For this purpose, the data of 277715 cattle that were collected by Animal Breeding Center of Iran during 2001 to 2018, were used. Longevity was defined as length of life (LL), lifetime number of days in milk (LDIM), lifetime milk yield (LMY), lifetime fat yield (LFY), and lifetime protein yield (LPY), and the effect of environmental factors on traits and risk of culling were determined using Survival kit and cmprsk statistical packages. Variance components of longevity traits were estimated based on exponential distribution and censored data along with somatic cell score trait using two-trait analysis by Gibbs sampling method. The results showed that the effect of herd, year and season of calving and calving age of cows was significant on all longevity traits (P <0.001). Cows with a high degree of dystocia had a higher culling risk than other cows and the culling risk was higher for cows born in the spring than in other seasons (except to the LL). The range of heritability for different longevity traits varied from 0.076 to 0.186 and the heritability of the somatic cell score was estimated to be 0.31. The results showed that genetic selection for somatic cell score and some longevity traits such as LPY can be effective in improving these traits, although due to the importance of environmental factors on longevity traits, these factors should also be considered. Genetic and residual correlation between somatic cell score with longevity traits were negative and the amount of genetic correlation between traits were higher than their residual correlation. Therefore, genetic selection for somatic cell score and considering it as a selection criterion in breeding programs can indirectly improve the longevity traits in Iranian Holstein cows. Increasing and improvement of longevity is not only economically important but also improves animal welfare.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Heritability
  • Longevity
  • Gibbs Sampling
  • Hazard function

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فصلنامه محیط زیست جانوری
دوره 14، شماره 2
تیر 1401
صفحه 55-64

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