اثرات استراتژی های مختلف تغذیه طی جایگزینی چربی ضایعات طیور به جای روغن ماهی جیره بر فراسنجه های رشد، ضریب تبدیل غذا و خون شناسی ماهی قزل آلای رنگین کمان (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه شیلات، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، واحد آزادشهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، آزادشهر، ایران

10.22034/AEJ.2021.316488.2693

چکیده

با توجه به محدودیت روغن ماهی و قیمت بالای آن، صنعت خوراک آبزیان نیاز به یافتن جایگزین­ های مناسب برای روغن ماهی در صنعت آبزی ­پروری دارد. لذا هدف از مطالعه حاضر بررسی تاثیر جایگزینی چربی ضایعات طیور به جای روغن ماهی جیره با استراتژی برگشت به جیره اصلی بر برخی فراسنجه ­های رشد و خونی ماهی قزل­ آلای رنگین ­کمان (Oncorhynchus mykiss) به منظور یافتن جایگزین مناسب برای روغن ماهی است. برای انجام این تحقیق 120 عدد بچه ماهی به وزن  72/13±50/2 گرم خریداری و پس از دوره سازگاری، 25 قطعه در هر حوضچه به صورت طرح کاملا تصادفی با 5 تیمار و 3 تکرار رهاسازی شدند. تیمار شاهد: تغذیه شده با جیره معمول، تیمار 1: تغذیه شده با جیره حاوی مخلوط روغن ماهی و چربی طیور (50/50) به مدت یک ماه و با جیره معمول در ماه دوم، تیمار 2: تغذیه شده با جیره حاوی چربی طیور به مدت یک ماه و با جیره معمول در ماه دوم، تیمار 3: تغذیه شده با جیره حاوی مخلوط روغن ماهی و چربی طیور (50/50)، تیمار 4: تغذیه شده با جیره حاوی چربی طیور. در پایان دوره دو ماهه پرورش، شاخص ­های رشد و ضریب تبدیل غذایی محاسبه شد. هم چنین 6 عدد ماهی از هر تیمار خون­گیری و فراسنجه ­های خونی طبق روش ­های استاندارد اندازه ­  گیری شد. اختلاف معنی­ داری بین تیمارهای مختلف در خصوص فراسنجه ­های رشد، تغذیه و تعداد گلبول­ های قرمز وجود نداشت. مقدار هموگلوبین در تیمارهای 1 و 4 به طور معنی ­داری کمتر از تیمار شاهد بود. مقدار هماتوکریت در تیمار 4 به طور معنی­ داری کم تر از تیمار 1 بود. تعداد گلبول­ های سفید در تیمار 4 به طور معنی ­داری کم تر از سایر تیمارها بود. کم ترین درصد لنفوسیت و بیش ترین درصد نوتروفیل در نمونه­ های تیمار 4 مشاهده شد، به طوری که مقدار این فراسنجه در تیمار 4 با سایر تیمارها معنی ­دار بود. جایگزینی چربی ضایعات طیور به ­جای روغن ماهی و تغذیه مجدد با جیره معمول به دلیل توانایی بالای ماهی قزل ­آلای رنگین کمان در هضم مواد غذایی و تبدیل غذا به بافت می­ تواند باعث کاهش هزینه­ های تولید شود. بنابراین تمام تیمارها به غیر از تیمار 4 قابل توصیه می­ باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of alternative feeding sterategies during replacement of fish oil by poultry waste fat on growth, food conversion and haematological parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Abdolvahab Kalteh
  • Afshin Ghelichi
  • Sarah Jorjani
  • Reza Akrami
  • Fariborz Ghojoghi
Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture Sciences and Natural Resources, Azadshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Azadshahr, Iran
چکیده [English]

Due to the limitations of fish oil and its high price, the aquatic feed industry needs to find suitable alternatives to fish oil in the aquaculture industry. So the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of replacement of poultry waste fat instead of dietary fish oil with return to main diet strategy on some growth and blood parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in order to find a suitable alternative to fish oil. 120 rainbow trout juveniles weighing 50.72±2.13 g were purchased and after the adaptation period, 25 fish in each pond were released in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 3 replications. Control treatment: fed with normal diet, treatment 1: fed with diet containing mixture of fish oil and poultry fat (50/50) for one month and with normal diet in the second month, treatment 2: fed with diet containing poultry fat for one month and with the normal diet in the second month, treatment 3: fed a diet containing a mixture of fish oil and poultry fat (50/50), treatment 4: fed a diet containing poultry fat. At the end of the two-month period, growth indices and food conversion ratio were measured. Also, 6 fish from each treatment were randomly sampled and blood parameters were measured according to standard methods. There was no significant difference between different treatments in terms of growth, nutrition and red blood cell counts. The amount of hemoglobin in treatments 1 and 4 was significantly lower than the control group. The amount of hematocrit in treatment 4 was significantly lower than treatment 1. The number of white blood cells in treatment 4 was significantly lower than other groups. The lowest percentage of lymphocytes and the highest percentage of neutrophils were observed in the treatment 4, so that the amount of this parameter was significant in treatment 4 with other groups. Replacing poultry waste fat with fish oil and re-feeding with the normal diet due to the high ability of rainbow trout to digest food and convert food into tissue can reduce production costs. Therefore, all treatments except treatment 4 are recommended.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
  • Fish oil
  • Poultry waste fat
  • Growth
  • Food conversion ratio
  • Haematology

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فصلنامه محیط زیست جانوری
دوره 14، شماره 3
آبان 1401
صفحه 269-278

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