رژیم غذایی کوسه چاک لب (1837 Rhizoprionondon acutus (Ruppel در آب‌های خلیج فارس و دریای عمان (محدوده استان هرمزگان)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زیست‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه گنبدکاووس، گنبدکاووس، ایران

2 گروه شیلات، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه گنبدکاووس، گنبدکاووس، ایران

3 گروه بیولوژی دریا، دانشکده بوم شناسی و سیستماتیک، دانشگاه فدرال پارئیبا، پارئیبا، برزیل

10.22034/AEJ.2022.324878.2735

چکیده

این مطالعه با هدف تعیین رژیم غذایی کوسه چاک لب Rhizoprionondon acutus در آب‌های خلیج فارس محدوده استان هرمزگان صورت گرفت. تعداد کل نمونه ­های صید شده از آب‌های استان هرمزگان 45 قطعه شامل 17 نمونه نر و 28 نمونه ماده با نسبت جنسی نر به ماده 1/65: 1 در جمعیت بود. براساس تجزیه و تحلیل­ های آماری اختلاف معنی‌داری بین نسبت جنسی نر و ماده در جمعیت این گونه کوسه وجود نداشت (X2=2.69, p>0.05). نتایج درصد فراوانی و وزنی محتویات معده کوسه ماهی چاک لب نشان داد بیش ترین درصد فراوانی و وزنی به‌ترتیب با 47/44 و 63/88 درصد مربوط به طعمه ماهیان شکار شده بود و سخت‌پوستان به‌ترتیب با 33/33 و 23/30 درصد، سرپایان به‌ترتیب با 6/41 و 7/13 درصد، سایر طعمه‌ها به‌ترتیب با 8/97 و 3/71 درصد و دوکفه‌ای‌ها به‌ترتیب با 3/85 و 1/98 درصد در رتبه‌های بعدی قرار داشتند. نتایج مربوط به شاخص ارجحیت غذایی نشـان داد کـه گـروه غـذایی ماهیان در مجموع با 83/72 به‌عنوان اولین غذای ترجیحی کوسه ماهی چاک لب را به خود اختصـاص داده بودنـد. نتایج شاخص خالی بودن معده در کوسه ماهی چاک لب نشان داد که هر دو جنس نر و ماده و جمعیت این گونه در سواحل استان هرمزگان جزو گونه‌های پرخور می‌باشند. برای هر دو جنس نر و ماده و جمعیت کوسه چاک لب طعمه ماهیان استخوانی به ترتیب با 76/53، 67/73 و 73/71 درصد بیش ترین اهمیت نسبی طعمه (IRI) را داشت. بیش ترین شاخص تنوع زیستی شانون- وینر ('H) برای جمعیت و جنس ماده کوسه چاک لب از طعمه سخت پوستان و ماهیان استخوانی به دست آمد (به ترتیب با  0/159 و 0/153 ) اما در جنس نر بالاترین مقدار این شاخص در طعمه ماهیان استخوانی (0/138) و سپس سخت پوستان (0/114) مشاهده شد. شاخص معدی – بدنی (GSI) در کوسه ماهی چاک لب R. acutus در سواحل استان هرمزگان برای جنس نر 2/62 درصد، جنس ماده 2/10 درصد و جمعیت این گونه 2/30 درصد به دست آمد. نتایج کلی یک الگوی رایج در ترجیح رژیم غذایی کوسه چاک لب را روشن می‌کنند که در آن ماهیان استخوانی کوچک به‌عنوان ترجیح‌ دهنده‌ترین طعمه‌ها و پس از آن سخت‌پوستان دیده می‌شوند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Diet of The milk shark, Rhizoprionondon acutus (Ruppel, 1837) in waters of the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea (Hormozgan province)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Narges Mohammadi 1
  • Sakineh Alijanpour 1
  • Hadi Raeisi 2
  • Kiavash Golzarianpour 1
  • Arsalan Bahalkeh 2
  • Behzad Rahnama 3
1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Gonbadkavos University, Gonbadkavos, Iran
2 Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gonbadkavos University, Gonbadkavos, Iran
3 Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Ecology and Systematics, Federal University of Paríba, Paríba, Brazil
چکیده [English]

The aim of this study was to determine the diet of the milk shark in waters of the Persian Gulf and the Oman Sea in Hormozgan province. Total number of samples collected from the waters of Hormozgan province was 45, of which, 17 and 28 were male and female, respectively. The sex ratio of male to female was 1:1.65 in the studied population, which showed no statistically significant difference between the sex ratio of male and female (X2=2.69, p>0.05). The results of frequency and weight percentage of the stomach contents showed that the highest frequency and weight percentage (47.44 and 63.88%, respectively) were related to teleost fish and then crustaceans (33.33 and 23.30%, respectively). Cephalopods (6.41% and 7.13%, respectively), other prey (8.97% and 3.71%, respectively) and bivalves (3.85% and 1.98%, respectively) were in the next ranks. Results of food preference index showed that the fish food group had a total of 83.72 as the first preferred food of the milk shark. Results of Empty Stomach Index in the milk shark indicated that both males and females and the whole populationin the coasts of Hormozgan province is considered as a gluttonous species. Teleost fish had the highest relative importance of prey (IRI) for both males and females and the whole population of milk sharks, (76.53, 67.73 and 73.71%, respectively). For the population and female sharks, crustaceans and bony fish had the highest Shannon-Wiener biodiversity index with 0.159 and 0.153, respectively, but in male sharks, Shannon-Wiener biodiversity index showed the highest biomass index of bony fish (0.138) compared to crustaceans (0.114). Gastrointestinal index (GSI) in R. acutus shark off the coast of Hormozgan province was 2.62% for males, 2.10% for females and 2.30% for the whole population of this species. The overall results show that a common pattern in the milk shark diet preference is elucidated, in which small bony fish are seen as the most preferred prey, followed by crustaceans.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • R. acutus
  • Diet
  • Persian Gulf
  • Oman Sea
  • Shark
  • Hormozgan Province

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فصلنامه محیط زیست جانوری
دوره 14، شماره 4
بهمن 1401
صفحه 203-210

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