مناطق داغ زیستگاهی خانواده گربه سانان تحت اقلیم کنونی در ایران

نوع مقاله : تنوع زیستی

نویسندگان

1 گروه تنوع زیستی و مدیریت اکوسیستم‌ها، پژوهشکده علوم محیطی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

2 گروه علوم محیط زیست، انستیتو تکنولوژی فدرال زوریخ، دانشگاه زوریخ (ETH Zurich) ، سوئیس

چکیده

در دهه ­های اخیر مقدار قابل توجهی از پژوهش ­ها بر روی پیش­بینی پتانسیل­ های توزیع جغرافیایی گونه ­ها با هدف تعیین محدوده­ های داغ زیستگاهی متمرکز شده­ اند. با توجه به موقعیت خاص ایران و برخورداری از زیستگاه ­های متنوع و هم چنین محدودیت ­های موجود در کشور به نظر می ­رسد حفاظت از محدوده­ های داغ زیستگاهی موثرترین راه برای حفاظت از بسیاری از گونه ­ها درچشم ­اندازهای بزرگ باشد. هدف این مطالعه نشان دادن مناطق داغ زیستگاهی هشت گونه از خانواده گربه سانان ایران است که می‌­تواند نقشی کلیدی در حفاظت تنوع زیستی کشور داشته باشد. این پژوهش با استخراج 19 متغیر اقلیمی از پایگاه داده Worldclimو داده ­های حضور خانواده گربه­ سانان آغاز شد. مدل­ سازی توزیع گونه ­ای با استفاده از چهار مدل­ RF، SVM، MAXENT و BRT در نرم افزار R انجام شد. پس از روی هم گذاری نقشه ­های توزیع گونه ­­ها نقشه پیش ­بینی مناطق داغ زیستگاهی گربه­ سانان به تفکیک هر مدل تهیه شد. در نهایت برای ایجاد یک مدل با درجه اطمینان بالا، نقشه جامع مناطق داغ زیستگاهی با روش روی هم ­گذاری (ضرب لایه ­ها) برای گربه ­سانان ایران تهیه  شد. این پژوهش بخش مرکزی ایران، لکه ­هایی در شمال شرق ایران و بخش ­هایی از رشته ­کوه زاگرس را به عنوان مناطق داغ زیستگاهی برای گربه­سانان معرفی می­کند. روی هم گذاری نقشه پیش ­بینی مناطق داغ زیستگاهی گربه ­سانان با مناطق حفاظت شده نشان داد الگوی پتانسیل­ زیستگاهی گربه ­سانان هم پوشانی نسبتاً کمی با مناطق حفاظت شده دارد و مجموعاً با 39 منطقه تحت حفاظت هم پوشانی نسبی دارد. نتایج حاصل از اعتبارسنجی نشان داد در بین مدل ­های مورد استفاده، مدل RF قابلیت اعتماد در سطح بسیار عالی را دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Hotspot areas of Felid species in Iran under current climate conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Elham Ebrahimi 1
  • Faraham Ahmadzadeh 1
  • Babak Naimi 2
1 Department of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Management, Environmental Sciences Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Evin, Tehran, Iran
2 Ecosystem Management, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
چکیده [English]

In the recent decades, a lot of Researches which are focused on Predicting the geographical distribution potential of species with goal Identifying hot habitat areas. Iran has a specific situation and varied habitats. As well as, there is a limitation in management and conservation in Iran, so conserving of Hot habitat areas is the best way to conserve a lot of species in the large landscapes. CARNIVORA has eight families in Iran, which the most of species are in IUCN Red List. The main goal of the project was making hotspot map of FELIDAE, which has a key role in biodiversity conservation of the country. In this study, we used 19 climate variables from worldclim database and presence data felid species; and used RF, SVM, MaxEnt and BRT models in Software R for species distribution modeling. After the overlay of species distribution maps using the collecting layer technique in ArcGIS10.5, to create a model with a high degree of reliability, a comprehensive map for Iranian felids hotspots was prepared using layer multiplication method. As a result, felids hotspots occurred in central deserts of Iran, parts in the north and northeast of Iran and parts of the Zagros Mountain Range in west. According to matching of prediction map of felids hotspot with map of Iranian protected areas, the pattern of habitat potential has a relatively small overlap with protected areas and have overlap with 39 protected areas. The results showed that, the RF model was the best model with excellent reliability.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Habitat hotspot
  • FELIDAE
  • Species distribution model
  • Biodiversity conservation

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فصلنامه محیط زیست جانوری
دوره 10، شماره 4
دی 1397
صفحه 1-12

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