Department of Environmental Sciences , faculty of Natural resources and Environmental Sciences, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran
Abstract
This study has been carried out in order to investigate the Fundamental niche of Wild sheep (Ovis oriantalis) in the protected areas of Lashgar Dar-Golaparabad, Palangab and Alvand-Chalkhatoon-Rasvand. Similar habitat variables in the entire habitat were identified and digitized. Then, by using the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model, the realized niche was investigated in the studied areas. In order to achieve the Fundamental niche, the range which contains all selected areas was selected and the modeling of Fundamental niche using MaxEnt model was conducted. The values of the habitat variables of the maps were extracted according to the presence points and then the K-Means cluster analysis was used to cluster the presence points according to similarity. Finally, by using overlap indexes (Schoener's D, Hellinger's I) and breadth (Levin's B1, B2 (uncertainty)), the amount of niche overlap and niche breadth of the species was measured. The results of cluster analysis showed that according to the habitat variables of the presence points, the regions of Lashgdar-Golaparabad and Alvand-Chalkhatoon-Rasvand have the most similarity. However, based on the results of maximum entropy model, the most overlap of the Fundamental and the realized niche was between the no hunting areas of Palangab and Lashgardar-Golparabad, and on the other hand, the specialization of the Wild sheep in the Fundamental and the realized niche in Alvand-Chalkhatoon-Rasvand areas was more than other regions.
Bergallo, H.G. and Rocha, C.F.D., 1994. Spatial and trophic niche differentiation in two Sympatric lizards with different foranging mode. Australian J of Ecology. Vol. 19, pp: 72- 75.
Bragin, N.; Amgalanbaatar, S.; Wingard, G. and P. Reading, R., 2017. Creating a model of habitat suitability using vegetation and ruggedness for Ovis ammon and Capra sibirica (Artiodactyla: Bovidae) in Mongolia. Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity. Vol. 10, pp: 390-395.
Cao, Y.; DeWalt, R.E.; Robinson, J.L.; Tweddale, T.; Hinz, L. and Pessino, M., 2013. Using Maxent to model the historic distributions of stonefly species in Illinois streams: The effects of regularization and threshold selections. Journal of Ecological Modelling. Vol. 259, pp: 30-39.
Capula, M. and Luiselli, L., 1994. Resource partitioning in a Mediterranean lizard community. Italian Journal of Zoology. Vol. 61, pp: 173-177.
Elith, J.; Graham, C.H.; Anderson, R.P.; Dudík, M.; Ferrier, S.; Guisan, A.; Hijmans, R.J.; Huettmann, F.; Leathwick, J.R.; Lehmann, A.; Li, J.; Lohmann, L.G.; Loiselle, B.A.; Manion, G.; Moritz, C.; Nakamura, M.; Nakazawa, Y.; Overton, J.M.; Peterson, A.T.; Phillips, S.J.; Richardson, K.; Scachetti-Pereira, R.; Schapire, R.E.; Sobero, N.J; Williams, S.; Wisz M.S. and Zimmermann, E., 2006. Novel methods improve prediction of species’ distribution from occurrence data. Journal of Ecography. Vol. 29, pp: 129-151.
Goljani, R.; Kaboli, M.; Karami, M.; Ghodsizadeh, Z. andNourani, E., 2012. Male Alborz Red Sheep Migration Cor-ridors Selection from Summer to Fall Habitats in Jajroud Protected Area Complex, Iran. Russian Journal of Ecology. Vol. 43, pp: 67-76.
Guisan, A. and Zimmermann, N.E., 2000. Predictive habitat distribution models in ecology. Journal of Ecological Modelling. Vol. 135, No. 2–3, pp: 147–186.
Hirzel, A.H. and Lay. G.L., 2008. Habitat suitability modelling and niche theory. Journal of Applied Ecology. Vol. 45, pp: 1372-1381.
Hosseinian, S.; Mirshamsi, O.; Ilgaz, Ç.; Kumlutaş, Y. and Avci, A., 2016. Ecological niche divergence between Trapelus ruderatus and Trapelus persicus (Sauria: Agamidae) in the Middle East. Journal of Asian Herpetological Research. Vol. 7, No. 2, pp: 96-102.
Krebs, C.J., 1999. Ecological methodology. California: Benjamin. Cummings. 620 p.
Levins, R., 1968. Evolution in Changing Environments. Monographs in Population Biology, volume 2. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, USA.
Mallon, D., 1983. The status of Ladakh urial Ovis orientalis vignei in Ladakh, India. Biological conservation. Vol. 27, No. 4, pp: 373-381.
Mirshamsi, O., 2013. Ecological niche modeling of two scorpion species Mesobuthus eupeus (C. L. Koch, 1839) and M. phillipsii (Pocock, 1889) from the Iranian Plateau and Zagros region. Journal of Euscorpius Occasional Publications in Scorpiology. No. 154.
Phillips, S.J.; Anderson, R.P. and Schapire, R.E., 2006. Maximum entropy modeling of species geographic distributions. J of ecological modeling. Vol. 190, pp: 231-259.
Phillips, S.J. and Dudík, M., 2008. Modeling of species distributions with Maxent: new extensions & a comprehensive evaluation. J of ecography. Vol. 31, pp: 161-175.
Radosavljevic, A. and Anderson, R.P., 2014. Making better Maxent models of species distributions: complexity, overfitting & evaluation. J of biogeogr. Vol. 41, pp: 629-643.
Rhoden, C.M.; Peterman, W.E. and Taylor, C.A., 2017. Maxent directed field surveys identify new populations of narrowly endemic habitat specialists. J of peer. Vol. 5, pp: 3632.
Rouag,R.;Luiselli,L.; Dgilali, H. and Gueraiche, H., 2007. Resource partitioning patterns between two sympatric lizard species from Algeria. Journal of Arid Environments. Vol. 69, pp: 158-168.
Salas, E.A.L.; Valdez, R. and Michel, S., 2017. Summer and winter habitat suitability of Marco Polo argali in southeastern Tajikistan: A modeling approach. Journal of Heliyon. Vol. 3, No. 11, pp: 445.
Schoener, T.W., 1968. Anolis lizards of Bimini: resource partitioning in a complex fauna. Journal of Ecology. Vol. 49, pp: 704-726.
Templ, M.; Filzmoser, P. and Reimann, C., 2008. Cluster analysis applied to regional geochemical data: Problems and possibilities. Journal of Applied Geochemistry. Vol. 23, No. 8, pp: 2198-2213.
Vorsino, A.E.; King C.B.; Haines W.P. and Rubinoff, D., 2013. Modeling the Habitat Retreat of the Rediscovered Endemic Hawaiian Moth Omiodes continuatalis Wallengren (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). PLoS ONE8. Vol. 1, pp: 51885.
Warren, D.L.; Glor, R.E. and Turelli, M., 2008. Environmental niche equivalency versus conservatism: quantitative approaches to niche evolution. Evolution. Vol. 62, pp: 2868-2883.
Zare Chahouki, M.A.; Jafari, M.; Azarnivand, H.; Moqadam, M.; Farahpoor, M. and Shafizade, M., 2007. Application of logistic regression to study the relationship between presence of plant species and environmental factors. Journal of Pajouhesh-Va-Sazandegi. Vol. 76, pp: 136-143.
Karami, P., & Shayesteh, K. (2018). Investigation of ecological niche of Wild sheep (Ovis oriantalis) in protected areas of Lashgardar-Golparbad, Alvand-Chalkhatoon-Rasvand and Polangab. Journal of Animal Environment, 10(4), 65-74.
MLA
Peyman Karami; Kamran Shayesteh. "Investigation of ecological niche of Wild sheep (Ovis oriantalis) in protected areas of Lashgardar-Golparbad, Alvand-Chalkhatoon-Rasvand and Polangab". Journal of Animal Environment, 10, 4, 2018, 65-74.
HARVARD
Karami, P., Shayesteh, K. (2018). 'Investigation of ecological niche of Wild sheep (Ovis oriantalis) in protected areas of Lashgardar-Golparbad, Alvand-Chalkhatoon-Rasvand and Polangab', Journal of Animal Environment, 10(4), pp. 65-74.
VANCOUVER
Karami, P., Shayesteh, K. Investigation of ecological niche of Wild sheep (Ovis oriantalis) in protected areas of Lashgardar-Golparbad, Alvand-Chalkhatoon-Rasvand and Polangab. Journal of Animal Environment, 2018; 10(4): 65-74.
)
