Effect of different levels of Fish oil and Canola oil on diet on growth, survival and body Chemical Composition of Fattening Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Document Type : Nutrition

Authors

1 Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran

2 Youth and Elite Research Club, Tehran Research Science Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

3 Coldwater Fishes Research Center (CFRC), Fisheries Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Promotion Organization, Tonekabon, Iran

4 Shahid Motahari Yasouj, Shahid Motahhari Shahrood Fish Breeding and Research Center, Fisheries Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Promotion Organization, Yasouj, Iran

Abstract

The effect of marine oils has been proven in many diseases due to the presence of n-3 fatty acids. Most of the clinical effects of n-3 fatty acids are due to the presence of Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA( and Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), which has so far not been found in any other food, except in fish. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different levels of fish oil and canola oil on diet, on growth, survival and body chemical composition of Fattening rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Which ultimately can compensate for the deficiency of n-3 fatty acids in the household food basket and it is an important step towards the health of the community. For this purpose, three experimental diets were prepared with the same protein level (40%) and different fat levels (the first diet with 10% fish oil, the second diet with 10% canola oil and the third diet with 5% fish oil and 5% canola oil) and each one with three repetitions and 270 rainbow trout with an average weight of 100±10 g were cultured with a density of 30 in per cage for 56 days. Based on the results, there were significant differences between mean weight, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate and condition factor in all three treatments (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in terms of survival rate and body chemical composition between treatments (P>0.05). In general, the results showed that the third treatment (5% fish oil and 5% canola oil) in the diet improved the growth indices, survival rate and condition factor (P<0.05).

Keywords


  1. Abedian Kenari, A.; Mozanzadeh, M.T. andPourgholam, R., 2010. Effects of total fish oil replacement to vegetable oils at two dietary lipid levels on the growth, body composition, haemato-immunological and serum biochemical parameters in Caspian brown trout (Salmo trutta caspius). Aquaculture Research. Vol. 42, pp: 1131-1144.
  2. AOAC. 1990. Official methods of analysis of the Association Official Analytical Chemists, 15th edn. Association of official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC, USA.
  3. Arsalan, M.; Sirkecioglu, N.; Bayir, A.; Arslan, H. and Aras, M., 2012. The Influence of Substitution of Dietary Fish Oil with Different Vegetable Oils on Performance and Fatty Acid Composition of Brown Trout, Salmo trutta. Turkish J of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. Vol. 12, pp: 575-583.
  4. Bell, J.G. and Sargent, J.R., 2003. Arachidonic acid in aquaculture feeds: current status and future opportunities. Aquaculture. Vol. 218, pp: 491-499.
  5. Drew, M.D.; Ogunkoya, A.E.; Janz, D.M. and Van Kessel, A.G., 2007. Dietary influence of replacing fish meal and oil with canola protein concentrate and vegetable oils on growth performance, fatty acid composition and organochlorine residues in rainbow trout. Aquaculture. Vol. 267, pp: 260- 268.
  6. Gordon Bell, J.; Mcevoy, J.; Tocher, DR.; Mcghee, F.; Campell, P.J. and Sargent, J.R., 2001. Replacement of fish oil with rapeseed oil in diets of atlantic salmon (salmo salar) affects tissue lipid composition and hepatocyte fatty acid metabolism. Journal of Nutrition. Vol. 13, pp: 1535-1543.
  7. Grisdale-Helland, B.; Shearer, K.D.; Gatlin III, D.M. and Helland, S.J., 2008. Effects of dietary protein and lipid levels on growth, protein digestibility, feed utilization and body composition of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Aquaculture. Vol. 283, pp: 156-162.
  8. Guler, M. and Yildiz, M., 2011. Effects of dietary fish oil replacement by cottonseed oil on growth performance and fatty acid composition of rainbow trout. Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences. Vol. 35, No. 3, pp: 157-167.
  9. Higgs, D.A.; Dosanjh, B.S.; Prendergast, A.F.; Beames, R.M.; Hardy, R.W.; Riley, W. and Deacon, G., 1995. Use of rapeseed/canola protein products in finfish diets. In: Nutrition and Utilization Technology in Aquaculture, (AOCS Press, Champaign, IL. pp: 130-156.
  10. IFFO. 2008. International Fish Meal and Fish Oil Organisation Statistical Yearbook.
  11. Mourente, G. and Bell, J.G., 2006. Partial replacement of dietary fish oil with blends of vegetable oils (rapeseed, linseed and palm oils) in diets for European sea bass over a long term growth study: Requirement criteria for essential fatty acids. J of applied Ichthyology. Vol. 11, pp: 183-198.
  12. Mwachireya, S.A.; Beames, R.M.; Higgs, D.A. and Dosanjh, B.S., 1999. Digestibility of canola protein products derived from the physical, enzymatic and chemical processing of commercial canola meal in rainbow trout held in fresh water. Aquaculture Nutrition. Vol. 5, pp: 73-82.
  13. Naylor, R.L.; Goldburg, R.J.; Primavera, J.H.; Kautsky, N.; Beveridge, M.C.M.; Clay, J.; Folke, C.; Lubchenco, J.; Mooney, H. and Troell, M., 2000. Effect of aquaculture on world fish supplies. Nature. Vol. 405, pp: 1017-1024.
  14. Regost, C.; Jakobsen, J.V. and Rora, A.M.B., 2004. Flesh quality of raw and smoked fillets of Atlantic salmon as influenced by dietary oil sources and frozen storage. Food Research International. Vol. 37, No. 3, pp: 259-271.
  15. Sargent, J.R.; Bell, J.G.; Bell, M.V.; Hendersson, R.J. and Tocher, D.R., 1995. Requirement criteria for essential fatty acids. Journal of Applied Ichthyology. Vol. 11, pp: 183-198.
  16. Sargent, J.R.; Tocher, D.R. and Bell, J.G., 2002. The lipids in: Fish nutrition (Eds) R.W. Hardy, J.E. Halver, Academic Press, San Diego, CA, USA. pp: 181-257.
  17. SOFIA. 2008. The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture [online] Available from: http://www.fao.org/docrep/011 /i0250e/i0250e0 0.htm [Accessed 2010-02-01].
  18. Tidwell, J.H. and Allan, G.L., 2002. Fish as food: aquaculture's contribution. Ecological and economic impacts and contributions of fish farming and capture fisheries. World Aquaculture. Vol. 33, pp: 44-48.
  19. Turchini, G.M. and Francis, D.S., 2009. Fatty acid metabolism (desaturation, elongation and b-oxidation) in rainbow trout fed fish oil or linseed oil-based diets. British Journal of Nutrition. Vol. 102, pp: 69-81.