آلودگی میکروپلاستیک در ماهی سفید (Rutilus frisii kutum) سواحل جنوبی دریای خزر

نوع مقاله : سایر

نویسندگان

گروه شیلات، دانشکده علوم و فنون دریایی، دانشگاه هرمزگان، بندرعباس، ایران

چکیده

میکروپلاستیک  در  زیستگاه ­های دریایی در سراسر جهان وجود دارد و مطالعات آزمایشگاهی نشان می­دهد که این ماده می ­تواند توسط ماهیان بلعیده شده و از طریق مصرف ماهی به انسان نیز منتقل گردد.  با  این­ حال داده­ های مربوط به  فراوانی  آن در دریاچه­ ها  محدود است. هدفاز این مطالعه بررسی میزان تجمع میکروپلاستیک  بر  روی ماهی سفید به  عنوان یک خوراک دریایی است. این مطالعه بر روی 51 قطعه ماهی سفید جمع­ آوری شده در فصل صید و در ماه­ های اسفند تا فروردین سال 1395 تا 1396 در شش ایستگاه (گمیشان، بابلسر، محمودآباد، تنکابن، چمخاله، بندرانزلی) در سواحل جنوبی دریای خزر انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که در دستگاه گوارش 66/6% از ماهیان مورد مطالعه، میکروپلاستیک وجود داشت. به ­طورمیانگین هرماهی تعداد 1/47 قطعه میکروپلاستیک بلعیده بودکه بیش ­ترین میزان این میکروپلاستیک­ ها را الیاف (با 38/75%)، سپس فرگمنت ­ها (31/42%)، فیلم­ ها (30%) و دانه­ ها (با 11/42%) به­ خود اختصاص دادند. این داده­ ها نشان می ­دهد که آلودگی میکروپلاستیک در ماهی سفید دریای خزر به ­میزان قابل توجهی وجود دارد. مصرف این ماهی ممکن است میکروپلاستیک را به انسان انتقال دهد. نتایج این تحقیق با گزارش­ هایی از سایر نقاط جهان مقایسه گردید که نشان می­ دهد که باید مطالعه بیش ­تری در دریای خزر انجام پذیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Microplastic pollution in Caspian kutum (Rutilus frisii kutum) on southern shores of the Caspian Sea

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Zakeri
  • Arash Akbarzadeh
  • Abolfazl Naji
Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
چکیده [English]

Microplastics exists in marine habitats all over the world, and laboratory studies show that, this substance can be swallowed up by fish and transmitted through human consumption of fish. However, data on its abundance in lakes are limited. The purpose of this study is to determine the amount of micro-plastic accumulation on Caspian kutum as a seafood. This study was carried out on 51 whitefish collected during the fishing season (February to March) 2017 at six stations (Gomishan, Babolsar, Mahmoudabad, Tonekabon, Chamkhaleh, Bandar Anzali) on the southern shores of the Caspian Sea. The results showed that in the gastrointestinal tract, 66.6% of the fish were micro plastics. On average, each fish was swallowed by 1.47 pieces of micro plastics the most of these micro plastics were fibers (38.75%), then fragments (42.31%), films (30%) and beads (11.42%). These data show that there is a significant amount of micro plastics contamination in the Caspian Sea fish. The consumption of this fish may transfer micro plastic to humans. The results of this study were compared with reports from other parts of the world indicating that more study in the Caspian Sea should be conducted.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • MPs pollution
  • Sea food
  • Caspian kutum
  • Caspian Sea

مراجع

  1. رضوی­ صیاد ب.ع.، 1374. ماهی سفید. موسسه تحقیقات شیلات ایران. 165 صفحه.
  2. غنی ­نژاد، د.؛ مقیم، م. و عبدالملکی، ش،. 1379. ارزیابی ذخایر ماهیان استخوانی دریای خزر در سال 78-79. مرکز تحقیقات شیلات گیلان. 165صفحه.
  3. Andrady, A.L., 2011. Microplastics in the marine environment. Marine pollution bulletin. Vol. 62, No. 8, pp: 1596-1605.
  4. Arthur, C.; Baker, J.E. and Bamford, H.A., 2009. Proceedings of the International Research Workshop on the Occurrence, Effects, and Fate of Microplastic Marine Debris, September 9-11, 2008, University of Washington Tacoma, Tacoma, WA, USA.
  5. Avio, C.G.; Gorbi, S.; Milan, M.; Benedetti, M.; Fattorini, D.; d'Errico, G.; Pauletto, M.; Bargelloni, L. and Regoli, F., 2015. Pollutants bioavailability and toxicological risk from microplastics to marine mussels. Environmental Pollution. Vol. 198, pp: 211-222.
  6. Barnes, D.K.; Galgani, F.; Thompson, R.C. and Barlaz, M., 2009. Accumulation and fragmentation of plastic debris in global environments. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences. Vol. 364, No. 1526, pp: 1985-1998.
  7. Bellas, J.; Martínez-Armental, J.; Martínez-Cámara, A.; Besada, V. and Martínez-Gómez, C., 2016. Ingestion of microplastics by demersal fish from the Spanish Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts. Marine pollution bulletin. Vol. 109, No. 1, pp: 55-60.
  8. Bessa, F.; Barría, P.; Neto, J.M.; Frias, J.P.; Otero, V.; Sobral, P. and Marques, J.C., 2018. Microplastics in Juvenile Commercial Fish from an Estuarine Environment. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Microplastic Pollution in the Mediterranean Sea. pp: 131-135.
  9. Boerger, C.M.; Lattin, G.L.; Moore, S.L. and Moore, C.J., 2010. Plastic ingestion by planktivorous fishes in the North Pacific Central Gyre. Marine pollution bulletin. Vol. 60, No. 12, pp: 2275-2278.
  10. Bråte, I.L.N.; Eidsvoll, D.P.; Steindal, C.C. and Thomas, K.V., 2016. Plastic ingestion by Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) from the Norwegian coast. Marine pollution bulletin. Vol. 112, No. 1, pp: 105-110.
  11. Browne, M.A.; Galloway, T.S. and Thompson, R.C., 2010. Spatial patterns of plastic debris along estuarine shorelines. Environmental Science & Technology. Vol. 44, No. 9, pp: 3404-3409.
  12. Claessens, M.; Van Cauwenberghe, L.; Vandegehuchte, M.B. and Janssen, C.R., 2013. New techniques for the detection of microplastics in sediments and field collected organisms. Marine pollution bulletin. Vol. 70, No. 1, pp: 227-233.
  13. Cole, M.; Lindeque, P.; Halsband, C. and Galloway, T.S., 2011. Microplastics as contaminants in the marine environment: a review. Marine pollution bulletin. Vol. 62, No. 12, pp: 2588-2597.
  14. Colton, J.B.; Knapp, F.D. and Burns, B.R., 1974. Plastic particles in surface waters of the northwestern Atlantic. Science. Vol. 185, No. 4150, pp: 491-497.
  15. Davison, P. and Asch, R.G., 2011. Plastic ingestion by mesopelagic fishes in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. Marine Ecology Progress Series. Vol. 432, pp: 173-180.
  16. Derraik, J.G., 2002. The pollution of the marine environment by plastic debris: a review. Marine pollution bulletin. Vol. 44, No. 9, pp: 842-852.
  17. Do Sul, J.A.I. and Costa, M.F., 2014. The present and future of microplastic pollution in the marine environment. Environmental Pollution. Vol. 185, pp: 352-364.
  18. Driedger, A.G., 2015. Plastic debris in the Laurentian Great Lakes: Classification, distribution and en Peters, R.; Herrera Rivera, Z.; Undas, A.; van der Lee, M.; Marvin, H.; Bouwmeester, H. and Weigel, S., 2015. Single particle ICP-MS combined with a data evaluation tool as a routine technique for the analysis of nanoparticles in complex matrices. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry. Vol. 30, No. 6, pp: 1274-1285. Evironmental drivers (Master's thesis, University of Waterloo).
  19. Eriksen, M.; Mason, S.; Wilson, S.; Box, C.; Zellers, A.; Edwards, W.; Farley, H. and Amato, S., 2013. Microplastic pollution in the surface waters of the Laurentian Great Lakes. Marine pollution bulletin. Vol. 77, No. 1, pp: 177-182.
  20. Farrell, P. and Nelson, K., 2013. Trophic level transfer of microplastic: Mytilus edulis (L.) to Carcinus maenas (L.). Environmental Pollution. Vol. 177, pp: 1-3.
  21. Fowler, C.W., 1987. Marine debris and northern fur seals: a case study. Marine pollution bulletin. Vol. 18, No. 6, pp: 326-335.
  22. Galgani, F.; Hanke, G.; Werner, S.D.V.L. and De Vrees, L., 2013. Marine litter within the European marine strategy framework directive. ICES Journal of Marine Science. Vol. 70, No. 6, pp: 1055-1064.
  23. GESAMP, 2015. Sources, fate and effects of microplastics in the environment: a global assessment. In: Kershaw, P.J. (Ed.), (IMO/FAO/UNESCO-IOC/UNIDO/WMO/IAEA/UN/ UNEP/UNDP Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Environmental Protection). Rep. Stud. GESAMP. No. 90, 96 p.
  24. Gray, C.A.; Kennelly, S.J.; Hodgson, K.E.; Ashby, C.J.T. and Beatson, M.L., 2001. Retained and discarded catches from commercial beach-seining in Botany Bay, Australia. Fisheries Research. Vol. 50, No. 3, pp: 205-219.
  25. Gregory, M.R. and Andrady, A.L., 2003. Plastics in the marine environment. Plastics and the Environment. Vol. 379, pp: 389-390.
  26. Gregory, M.R. and Ryan, P.G., 1997. Pelagic plastics and other seaborne persistent synthetic debris: a review of Southern Hemisphere perspectives. In Marine Debris. New York. pp: 49-66.
  27. Güven, O.; Gökdağ, K.; Jovanović, B. and Kıdeyş, A.E., 2017. Microplastic litter composition of the Turkish territorial waters of the Mediterranean Sea, and its occurrence in the gastrointestinal tract of fish. Environmental Pollution. Vol. 223, pp: 286-294.
  28. Jafarzadeh, H. and Farhang, M., 2006. Pollution at sea; 1st ed. Publishing Avaye ghalam. pp: 375-378 (Persian).
  29. Karami, A.; Golieskardi, A.; Choo, C.K.; Romano, N.; Ho, Y.B. and Salamatinia, B., 2017. A high-performance protocol for extraction of microplastics in fish. Science of The Total Environment. Vol. 578, pp: 485-494.
  30. Krdvany P., 1995. Water ecosystems Iran (Caspian Sea). Tehran: Dictionary Publisher. pp: 3-7 (Persian).
  31. Lamberth, S.J.; Clark, B.M. and Bennett, B.A., 1995. Seasonality of beach-seine catches in False Bay, South Africa, and implications for management. South African Journal of Marine Science. Vol. 15, No. 1, pp: 157-167.
  32. Liebezeit, G. and Dubaish, F., 2012. Microplastics in beaches of the East Frisian islands Spiekeroog and Kachelotplate. Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology. Vol. 89, No. 1, pp: 213-217.
  33. Lithner, D.; Larsson, Å. and Dave, G., 2011. Environmental and health hazard ranking and assessment of plastic polymers based on chemical composition. Science of the Total Environment. Vol. 409, No. 18, pp: 3309-3324.
  34. Lusher, A.L.; McHugh, M. and Thompson, R.C., 2013. Occurrence of microplastics in the gastrointestinal tract of pelagic and demersal fish from the English Channel. Marine pollution bulletin. Vol. 67, No. 1, pp: 94-99.
  35. McClanahan, T.R. and Mangi, S.C., 2004. Gear‐based management of a tropical artisanal fishery based on species selectivity and capture size. Fisheries Management and Ecology. Vol. 11, No. 1, pp: 51-60.
  36. Moore, C.J., 2008. Synthetic polymers in the marine environment: a rapidly increasing, long-term threat. Environmental research. Vol. 108, No. 2, pp: 131-139.
  37. Nadal, M.A.; Alomar, C. and Deudero, S., 2016. High levels of microplastic ingestion by the semipelagic fish bogue Boops boops (L.) around the Balearic Islands. Environmental Pollution. Vol. 214, pp: 517-523.
  38. Neves, D.; Sobral, P.; Ferreira, J.L. and Pereira, T., 2015. Ingestion of microplastics by commercial fish off the Portuguese coast. Marine pollution bulletin. Vol. 101, No. 1, pp: 119-126.
  39. Obbard, R.W.; Sadri, S.; Wong, Y.Q.; Khitun, A.A.; Baker, I. and Thompson, R.C., 2014. Global warming releases microplastic legacy frozen in Arctic Sea ice. Earth's Future. Vol. 2, No. 6, pp: 315-320.
  40. Oosterhuis, F.; Papyrakis, E. and Boteler, B., 2014. Economic instruments and marine litter control. Ocean & coastal management. Vol. 102, pp: 47-54.
  41. Phillips, M.B. and Bonner, T.H., 2015. Occurrence and amount of microplastic ingested by fishes in watersheds of the Gulf of Mexico. Marine pollution bulletin. Vol. 100, No. 1, pp: 264-269.
  42. Rios, L.M.; Moore, C. and Jones, P.R., 2007. Persistent organic pollutants carried by synthetic polymers in the ocean environment. Marine Pollution Bulletin. Vol. 54, No. 8, pp: 1230-1237.
  43. Rochman, C.M.; Hoh, E.; Kurobe, T. and Teh, S.J., 2013. Ingested plastic transfers hazardous chemicals to fish and induces hepatic stress. Scientific reports. Vol. 3.
  44. Romeo, T.; Pietro, B.; Pedà, C.; Consoli, P.; Andaloro, F. and Fossi, M.C., 2015. First evidence of presence of plastic debris in stomach of large pelagic fish in the Mediterranean Sea. Marine pollution bulletin. Vol. 95, No. 1, pp: 358-361.
  45. Rummel, C.D.; Löder, M.G.; Fricke, N.F.; Lang, T.; Griebeler, E.M.; Janke, M. and Gerdts, G., 2016. Plastic ingestion by pelagic and demersal fish from the North Sea and Baltic Sea. Marine pollution bulletin. Vol. 102, No. 1, pp: 134-141.
  46. Ryan, P.G.; Moore, C.J.; van Franeker, J.A. and Moloney, C.L., 2009. Monitoring the abundance of plastic debris in the marine environment. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences. Vol. 364, No. 1526, pp: 1999-2012.
  47. Setälä, O.; Fleming-Lehtinen, V. and Lehtiniemi, M., 2014. Ingestion and transfer of microplastics in the planktonic food web. Environmental pollution. Vol. 185, pp: 77-83.
  48. Thompson, R.C.; Moore, C.J.; Vom Saal, F.S. and Swan, S.H., 2009. Plastics, the environment and human health: current consensus and future trends. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences. Vol. 364, No. 1526, pp: 2153-2166.
  49. Thompson, R.C.; Olsen, Y.; Mitchell, R.P.; Davis, A.; Rowland, S.J.; John, A.W.; McGonigle, D. and Russell, A.E., 2004. Lost at sea: where is all the plastic? Science. Vol. 304, No. 5672, pp: 838-838.
  50. Van Cauwenberghe, L. and Janssen, C.R., 2014. Microplastics in bivalves cultured for human consumption. Environmental Pollution. Vol. 193, pp: 65-70.
  51. Van Cauwenberghe, L.; Vanreusel, A.; Mees, J. and Janssen, C.R., 2013. Microplastic pollution in deep-sea sediments. Environmental Pollution. Vol. 182, pp: 495-499.
  52. Van Franeker, J.A.; Blaize, C.; Danielsen, J.; Fairclough, K.; Gollan, J.; Guse, N.; Hansen, P.L.; Heubeck, M.; Jensen, J.K.; Le Guillou, G. and Olsen, B., 2011. Monitoring plastic ingestion by the northern fulmar Fulmarus glacialis in the North Sea. Environmental Pollution. Vol. 159, No. 10, pp: 2609-2615.
  53. Wagner, M.; Scherer, C.; Alvarez-Muñoz, D.; Brennholt, N.; Bourrain, X.; Buchinger, S.; Fries, E.; Grosbois, C.; Klasmeier, J.; Marti, T. and Rodriguez-Mozaz, S., 2014. Microplastics in freshwater ecosystems: what we know and what we need to know. Environmental Sciences Europe. Vol. 26, No. 1, 12 p.
  54. Wright, S.L.; Thompson, R.C. and Galloway, T.S., 2013. The physical impacts of microplastics on marine organisms: a review. Environmental Pollution. Vol. 178, pp: 483-492.
فصلنامه محیط زیست جانوری
دوره 11، شماره 1
اردیبهشت 1398
صفحه 175-180

فایل ها

اشتراک گذاری

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار