گروه شیلات، دانشکده علوم و فنون دریایی، دانشگاه هرمزگان، بندرعباس، ایران
چکیده
میکروپلاستیک در زیستگاه های دریایی در سراسر جهان وجود دارد و مطالعات آزمایشگاهی نشان میدهد که این ماده می تواند توسط ماهیان بلعیده شده و از طریق مصرف ماهی به انسان نیز منتقل گردد. با این حال داده های مربوط به فراوانی آن در دریاچه ها محدود است. هدفاز این مطالعه بررسی میزان تجمع میکروپلاستیک بر روی ماهی سفید به عنوان یک خوراک دریایی است. این مطالعه بر روی 51 قطعه ماهی سفید جمع آوری شده در فصل صید و در ماه های اسفند تا فروردین سال 1395 تا 1396 در شش ایستگاه (گمیشان، بابلسر، محمودآباد، تنکابن، چمخاله، بندرانزلی) در سواحل جنوبی دریای خزر انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که در دستگاه گوارش 66/6% از ماهیان مورد مطالعه، میکروپلاستیک وجود داشت. به طورمیانگین هرماهی تعداد 1/47 قطعه میکروپلاستیک بلعیده بودکه بیش ترین میزان این میکروپلاستیک ها را الیاف (با 38/75%)، سپس فرگمنت ها (31/42%)، فیلم ها (30%) و دانه ها (با 11/42%) به خود اختصاص دادند. این داده ها نشان می دهد که آلودگی میکروپلاستیک در ماهی سفید دریای خزر به میزان قابل توجهی وجود دارد. مصرف این ماهی ممکن است میکروپلاستیک را به انسان انتقال دهد. نتایج این تحقیق با گزارش هایی از سایر نقاط جهان مقایسه گردید که نشان می دهد که باید مطالعه بیش تری در دریای خزر انجام پذیرد.
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