اثر اندازه ذرات و مرحله برداشت ذرت علوفه‌ای بر خصوصیات سیلاژ، گوارش پذیری و مصرف اختیاری مواد مغذی گاوهای شیری هلشتاین

نوع مقاله : تغذیه

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده علوم دامی و شیلات، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران

2 گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

چکیده

افزایش محتوای الیاف سیلاژ ذرت به ­واسطه‌ افزایش سن‌ گیاه، در جیره‌ گاوهای شیری، سبب افزایش لایه‌بندی مواد جامد شکمبه‌ای و فعالیت نشخوار و خرد کردن ذرات در شکمبه می‌شود. از طرف دیگر، اندازه‌ ذرات به ­طور انتخابی در شکمبه می‌مانند و این موضوع توجیه­ کننده تفاوت در قابلیت هضم جیره‌های با ترکیبات شیمیایی مشابه است. ذرت علوفه ­ای کشت شده در شرایط استاندارد در مراحل یک سوم خط شیری و دانه خمیری برداشت شد.اثر مرحله برداشت بر خصوصیات سیلویی ذرت علوفه­ ای و اثر مرحله برداشت و اندازه ذرات بر مقدار مصرف و گوارش پذیری مواد مغذی گاوهای شیری هلشتاین با طرح کاملاً تصادفی تجزیه آماری شد. نتایج حاصل از این تحقیق نشان داد اثر مرحله برداشت بر ترکیب شیمیایی و اسیدهای تخمیری سیلاژ معنی­ دار بود. در ارزیابی ظاهری سیلاژ ذرت علوفه‌ای مرحله برداشت دوم به ­طور معنی‌داری نمره بالاتری به ­خود اختصاص داد. اثر اندازه ذرات و مرحله برداشت بر مصرف ماده‌ خشک و مصرف ترکیبات شیمیایی جیره معنی­ دار بود. مرحله‌ برداشت و اندازه ذرات توانست اثر معنی ­دار بر گوارش­ پذیری ماده خشک و ماده آلی بگذارد. در مجموع جیره‌های حاوی ذرت علوفه‌ای برداشت دوم، فیبر نامحلول در شوینده خنثی غیرقابل هضم (iNDF) بیش ­تر، مصرف ماده‌ خشک بیش ­تر و گوارش ­پذیری ماده خشک و انرژی قابل متابولیسم کم ­تری داشتند. جیره‌های حاوی ذرت علوفه‌ای با اندازه‌ ذرات بلند گوارش­ پذیری ماده‌ خشک پایین‌تر و گوارش ­پذیری ماده آلی بالاتر داشتند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of Particle size and harvesting steps of forage corn on silage characteristics, digestibility and Nutrients consumption of Holstein dairy cows

نویسندگان [English]

  • Pooria Ehsani 1
  • Asad Allah Teimouri Yansari 1
  • Yadollah Chashnidel 1
  • Golamreza Ghorbani 2
1 Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Fisheries, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Sari, Iran
2 Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Increasing the content of corn silage due to aging of the plant, in the diet of dairy cows, increases the stratification of rumen solids and Rumination activity and fragment particles in the rumen. Particle size remains selectively in the rumen, and this justifies the difference in the digestibility of diets with similar chemical compounds. In this experiment, the effect of harvesting stage and particles size of forage corn in a completely randomized design was compared to Holstein
The forage was planted in standard condition and harvested in milk stage and dough stage of maturity.This experiment showed that effect of harvesting stage on the chemical composition and fermentation of silage was significant. Also, forage corn silage in second harvest showed significantly higher Quality. Also, the effect of particle size and harvesting stage on dry matter consumption and consumption of chemical compounds of diet was significant. The harvesting stage and the particle size could have a significant effect on the DMD and OMD. The diets containing Forage corn silage in the second harvest, contains of higher amount of iNDF and cause of more DMI less DMD and less ME. Also, rations containing forage corn with a long particle size had high OMD and low DMD.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Digestibility
  • harvest
  • DMI
  • Forage corn silage
  • Particle size
  • iNDF

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فصلنامه محیط زیست جانوری
دوره 11، شماره 2
مرداد 1398
صفحه 53-62

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