تحلیل روند بهره برداری و مروری بر سیاست های مدیریتی (صید و بازسازی ذخائر) ماهیان خاویاری در استان گلستان پس از انقلاب اسلامی

نوع مقاله : سایر

نویسندگان

1 گروه معارف اسلامی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

2 گروه شیلات، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه گنبد کاووس، گنبد کاووس، ایران

3 گروه شیلات، دانشکده شیلات و محیط زیست، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

چکیده

ماهیان خاویاری از ارزشمندترین آبزیان جهان و دریای خـزر محـسوب می ­شوند. فروپاشی شوروی سابق و تقسیم نامشخص دریای خزر متاسفانه منجر به مشکلات زیست­ محیطی و نیز افزایش صید غیرقانونی منجر به کاهش چشمگیر گونه ­های با ارزش دریای خزر شده است. علی رغم ناهماهنگی­ های مدیریتی گوناگون، رایزنی و مدیریت جمهوری اسلامی ایران پس از پیروزی شکوهمند انقلاب اسلامی منجر به اتخاذ سیاست­ های یکنواخت اداره دریای خزر شده که ازجمله می­ توان به کنترل صید ماهیان خاویاری و افزایش بازسازی ذخایر آن­ ها اشاره نمود. پس از پیروزی شکوهمند انقلاب اسلامی، فعالیت­ های چشمگیری در این حوزه صورت گرفته است ازجمله: بازسازی ذخایر و رهاسازی بچه ماهیان به دریا، پرورش ماهیان خاویاری در آب ­های نامتعارف داخلی و در قفس، افزایش مراکز تحقیقاتی و دانشگاه ­ها با رویکرد مدیریت ذخایر ماهیان خاویاری و معرفی گونه با ارزش تاس ­ماهی ایرانی. در مجموع علی ­رغم ناهماهنگی­ های مدیریتی گوناگون، رایزنی و مدیریت جمهوری اسلامی ایران منجر به اتخاذ سیاست­ های یکنواخت اداره دریای خزر شده که ازجمله می­ توان به کنترل صید ماهیان خاویاری و افزایش بازسازی ذخایر اشاره نمود. از بین چند کشور حاشیه دریای خزر تنها ایران سعی در حل این بحران یعنی کاهش چشمگیر ماهیان خاویاری داشته است، فعالیت­ های زیادی ازجمله احداث کارگاه­ های تکثیر و رهاسازی ماهیان خاویاری از سوی کشور ایران در این زمینه صورت گرفته که نتیجه بسیار خوبی هم به ­همراه داشته است. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Analysis of the process of exploitation and review of management policies (catch and stocks of sturgeon) in Golestan province after Islamic Revolution

نویسندگان [English]

  • Yadollah Sepehri 1
  • Hojatillah Jafaryan 2
  • Seyeyd Aliakbar Hedayati 3
1 Department of Islamic Studies, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
2 Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad Kavous, Iran
3 Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environment, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Sturgeons are considered to be the most valuable fish in the world and the Caspian Sea. the Collapse of the former Soviet Union and the uncertain division of the Caspian Sea unfortunately have led to environmental problems, as well as an increase in illegal fishing, has led to a significant reduction in the valuable species of the Caspian Sea. In spite of various management inconsistencies, advising and managing the Islamic Republic of Iran after the glorious victory of the Islamic Revolution led to the adoption of uniform policies of the Caspian Sea administration, which can be used to control sturgeon fishing and increase the rebuilding of their reserves. After the glorious victory of the Islamic Revolution, significant activities have been undertaken in this area, including: the restoration of reserves and the release of infants to the sea, the cultivation of sturgeon in unconventional domestic waters and cages, increasing research centers and universities with the management of sturgeon stocks management and Introducing the precious Persian dish. Altogether, in spite of various management inconsistencies, the advisory and management of the Islamic Republic of Iran led to the adoption of uniform policies of the Caspian Sea administration, which could be used to control sturgeon fishing and increase the rebuilding of reserves. Between countries of the Caspian Sea, only Iran has been trying to solve this crisis, which is a significant reduction of sturgeon fish. Many activities, including the construction of reproduction and restore of sturgeons from Iran, have been carried out in this area, which could lead to worthy result.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Islamic Revolution
  • Stocks
  • Caspian Sea
  • Sturgeon
  • Fishing

مراجع

  1. Bahmani, M., 2011. Caviar of Iran. Institute for International Research of Sturgeon. 52 p. (In Persian)
  2. Belova, G., 2015. Illegal unreported and unregulated fishing in the Black Sea. International Conference Knowledge-based Organization. Vol. 2, pp: 408-412.
  3. Billard, R., 2000. Biology and control of reproduction of sturgeon in fish farm. Iranian journal of fisheries seinces. Vol. 2, No. 2, pp: 1-20.
  4. Christensen, J., 2016. Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing in historical perspective. In: K. Schwerdtner Máñez and B. Poulsen (eds). Perspectives on oceans past: a handbook of marine environmental history. Dordrecht: Springer. pp: 133-53.
  5. CITES (Covention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) 2004. Sturgeon and paddlefish. Earth Negot. Bull. AC24. pp: 5-6.
  6. Clarke, R.V. and Cornish, D.B., 2001. Rational choice. In: Paternoster, Raymond, Bachman, Ronet (Eds.), Explaining Criminals and Crime. Roxbury, Los Angeles. 24 p.
  7. Clarke, S., 2007. Illegal fishing in the exclusive economic zone of Japan. MRAG, Ltd., London, UK, http://www.mrag.co.uk/Documents/IUU_Japan.pdf.
  8. Cullen, F. and Agnew, R., 2006. Criminological Theory: Past to Present: Essential Readings, Oxford University Press.
  9. FAO. 2011. Fish Stat-Fishery Statistics. FAO, Rome.
  10. FAO. 2014. The state of world fisheries and aquaculture. FAO, Rome.
  11. Iranian Fisheries Project and Development. 2003. Statistical Yearbook of Fisheries of Iran (1993-2003), International Fisheries Relations Office. (In Persian)
  12. Iranian Fisheries Project and Development. 2005. Statistical Yearbook of Fisheries of Iran (2004-2005), International Fisheries Management. (In Persian)
  13. Iranian Fisheries Project and Development. 2013. Statistical Yearbook of Fisheries of Iran (2002-2012), Management of International Fisheries Relations. (In Persian)
  14. Iranian Fisheries Project and Development. 2014. Iranian Fisheries Statistics (2004-2014). Iranian Fisheries Organization, Deputy Directorate for Development of Management and Resources, Office of Planning and Budget, Statistics Unit. (In Persian)
  15. Iranian Fisheries Project and Development. 2016. Iranian Fisheries Statistics (2006-2016). Iranian Fisheries Organization, Deputy Directorate for Development of Management and Resources, Office of Planning and Budget, Statistics Unit. (In Persian)
  16. IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, available online at www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/ search.
  17. Ivanov, V.P.; Vlasenko, A.D.; Khodorevskaya, R. and Raspopov, P., 1999. Contemporary status of the Caspian sturgeons (Acipenseridae) and the problem of conservation. Journal of Applied Ichthyology. Vol. 15, pp: 106-113.
  18. Jafarian, H.; Jafarian, S.; Kolah Derazi, R.; Mousavi, Q. and Bivareh, M., 2017. The Economic Role of Sturgeon Fish in National Production, Golestan Province Capacity in Restoring Sturgeon Stores in the Caspian Sea and Their Economic Production. Capacity Building Conference of the Nineveh Revolutionary Guards for Realization of Resistance Economics in Golestan Province. 15 (In Persian)
  19. Lagutov, V. and Lagutov, V., 2008. The Ural River sturgeons: population dynamics, catch, reasons for decline and restoration strategies. In: Lagutov, V. (Ed.), Rescue of Sturgeon Species in the Ural River Basin. pp: 193-276.
  20. Öztürk, B., 2013. Some remarks of illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing in Turkish part of the Black Sea, Black Sea/Mediterranean Environment. Vol. 19, pp: 256-267.
  21. Petrossian, G.A., 2015. Preventing illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing: A situational approach. Biological Conservation. Vol. 189, pp: 39-48.
  22. Petrossian, G.A. and Clarke, R.V., 2013. Explaining and controlling illegal commercial fishing: An Application of the CRAVED Theft Model. British Journal of Criminology. Vol. 54, No. 1, pp: 73-90.
  23. Pikitch, E.K.; Doukakis, P.; Lauck, L.; Chakrabarty, P. and Erickson, D.L., 2005. Status, trends and management of sturgeon and paddlefish fisheries. Fish and Fisheries. Vol. 6, pp: 233-265.
  24. Pires, S.F. and Clarke, R.V., 2012. Are parrots CRAVED? An analysis of parrot poaching in Mexico. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency. Vol. 49, No. 1, pp: 122-146.
  25. Pitcher, T.; Kalikoski, D.; Pramod, G. and Short, K., 2009. Not honoring the code. Nature. Vol. 457, No. 5, pp: 658-659.
  26. Pourkazemi, M., 2006. Caspian Sea sturgeon conservation and fisheries: past present and future. Journal of Applied Ichthyology. Vol. 22, pp: 12-16.
  27. Pramod, G. and Pitcher, T.J., 2006. An estimation of compliance of the fisheries of Namibia with article 7 (Fisheries Management) of the UN Code of Conduct for Responsible Fishing. University of British Columbia, Fisheries Center Research Reports.
  28. Sepehri, Y., 2008. Impact of Diplomatic Solutions on Conservation of the Caspian Sea. First National Conference on Caspian Sea Fisheries Resources. Gorgan 230 p. (In Persian)
  29. Sepehri, Y., 2008. The Necessity of Recognizing the Caspian Sea in Historical Adamer. First National Conference on Caspian Sea Fisheries Resources. Gorgan 229 p. (In Persian)
  30. Varkey, D.A.; Ainsworth, C.H.; Pitcher, T.J.; Goram, Y. and Sumaila, R., 2010. Illegal, unreported and unregulated fisheries catch in Raja Ampat regency, Eastern Indonesia. Marine Policy. Vol. 34, pp: 228-236.
  31. Worm, B. and Branch, T.A., 2013. The future of fish. Trends in Ecology and Evolution. Vol. 27, No. 11, pp: 594-599.
  32. Wright, B.R.E.; Caspi, A.; Moffitt, T.E. and Paternoster, R., 2004. Does the perceived risk of punishment deter criminally prone individuals? Rational choice, self-control, and crime. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency. Vol. 41, No. 2, pp: 180-213.
  33. Ye, Y. and Valbo-Jorgensen, J., 2012. Effects of IUU fishing and stock enhancement on and restoration strategies for the stellate sturgeon fishery in the Caspian Sea. Fisheries Research. pp: 21-133.
فصلنامه محیط زیست جانوری
دوره 11، شماره 3
مهر 1398
صفحه 389-394

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار