Correlation between the Seasonal Changes of Environmental parameters with Biodiversity and Biomass of Fish Cages Macrofoulings in Bandar Lengeh

Document Type : Ecology

Authors

1 Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, Hormozgan University, Bandar Abbas, Iran

2 Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environment, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran

3 College of Color and Polymer Engineering, Amir Kabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

4 Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran

Abstract

Identification of macrofouling is the first step in their controlling on existing structures in the seas. During the four sampling phases from June 2015 to September 2016, eight species/genus belonging to 8 macrofouling families were identified and classified from the fish cages of Bandar Lengeh. Water physico-chemical parameters including temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and pH were measured in all seasons, and RDA test was used to assess biodiversity. The dominant macrofouling in this study was Amphibalanus sp. which was observed in all seasons. The highest mean biomass in macrofoulings belonged to Perophora sp.  with a mean weight of 214.39 ± 62.4 gr/cm2 in autumn. Significant differences were observed between the mean weight of macrofoulings in different seasons and also between mean water factors in four seasons (p<0.05). There was a significant difference between the mean water parameters in the four seasons (p<0.05). The results of RDA and Pearson correlation tests showed that temperature and oxygen were two environmental parameters affecting the diversity and biomass of cages biofouling in Bandar Lengeh.

Keywords

References

  1. Abbott I.A. and Hollenberg, G.J., 1976. Marine algae of California. Stanford University Press. Stanford, CA. 827 p.
  2. Allan, J.D. and Castillo, M.M., 2007. Stream ecology: Structure and function of running waters (2st edn). Springer Netherlands. 436 p.
  3. Basson, P.W., 1978. Marine algae of the Arabian gulf coast of Saudi Arabia (first half). Bot. Mar. Vol. 22, pp: 47-64.
  4. Belal, A.A.; El-Sawy, M. and Dar, M.A., 2016. The effect of water quality on the distribution of macro-benthic fauna in Western Lagoon and Timsah Lake, Egypt.I. The Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research. Vol. 42, pp: 437-448.
  5. Beveridge, M., 2004. Cage Aquaculture (3st edn). Blackwell. 380 p.
  6. Braune, W. and Guiry, M.D., 2011. Seaweeds: a colour guide to common benthic green, brown and red algae of the world’s oceans. Koeltz Scientific Books, Germany. 601 p.
  7. De Clerck, O. and Coppejans, E., 1996. Marine algae of the Jubail Marine Wildlife Sanctuary, Saudi Arabia. In: (Krupp, F.; Abuzinad, A.H. and Nader, I.A., eds) A marine wildlife sanctuary for the Arabian Gulf. Environmental research and conservation following the 1991 Gulf War Oil Spill. NCWCD, Riyadh and Senckenberg Research Institute, Frankfurt. pp: 199-289.
  8. Duran, A.; Collado-Vides, L.E. and Burkepile, D., 2016. Seasonal regulation of herbivory and nutrient effects on macroalgal recruitment andsuccession in a Florida coral reef. PeerJ,4: e2643.DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2643.
  9. Hellio, C.; Marechal, J.P.; Veron, B.; Bremer, G.; Clare, A.S., and Gal, Y.L., 2004. Seasonal Variation of Antifouling Activities of Marine Algae from the Brittany Coast (France). Marine Biotechnology. Vol. 6, pp: 67-82. DOI: 10.1007/s10126-003-0020-x.
  10. Hodson, S.L.; Lewis, T.E. and Burke, C.M., 1997. Biofouling of fish-cage netting: efficacy and problems of in situ cleaning. Aquaculture. Vol. 152, pp: 77-90. DOI: 10.1016/S0044-8486(97)00007-0.
  11. Jegadeesan, P. and Ayyakkannu, K., 1992. Seasonal variation of benthic fauna in marine zone of Coleroon estuary and inshore waters, south east coast of India. Indian Journal Marine Science. Vol. 21, pp: 67-69.
  12. Jenkins, S.R. and Martins, G.M., 2010. Succession on Hard Substrata. In: Dürr, S., Thomason, J.C., (ed) Biofouling, Chapter 4. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. pp: 60-72.
  13. Jha, B.; Reddy, C.R.K.; Thakur, M.C. and Rao, M.U., 2009. Seaweeds of India. Springer: The diversity and distribution of seaweeds of Gujarat Coast.
  14. Kassah, J.E., 2012. Development of biofouling on salmon cage nets and the effects of anti-fouling treatments on the survival of the hydroid (Ectopleura larynx). Dissertation. Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU).
  15. Lehaitre, M.; Delauney, L. and Compère, C., 2008. Biofouling and underwater measurement. In: Babin, M.; Roesler, C.S. and Cullen, J.J., (ed) Real-Time Coastal Observing Systems for Marine Ecosystem Dynamics and Harmful Algal Blooms: Theory, instrumentation and modeling, Edition: Oceanographic Methodology series. Unesco publishing, Chapter. Vol. 12, pp: 463-493.
  16. Mayer-pinto, M.; Viana, M.S.; Lavrado, H.P.; Silva, T.A. and Silva, S.H.G., 2000. Epibiosis on barnacles at Angra dos, R.J: Eutrophication Effects. Nauplius. Vol. 8, No. 1, pp: 55-61.
  17. Milne, P.H., 1970. English, Book, Illustrated edition: Fish farming: a guide to the design and construction of net enclosures. H.M.S.O, Edinburgh. 31 p.
  18. Mosavi Dehmordi, L.; Karami, L.; Safarpor, N. and Alesadi, B., 2011.Taxonomic identification and distribution of biofouling organisms in Deilam port in Iran. Ecology and the Natural Environment. Vol. 3, No. 14, pp: 441-445. DOI: 10.5897/JENE11.035.
  19. Piazza, V.; Roussis, V.; Garaventa, F.; Greco, G.; Smyrniotopoulos, V.; Vagias, C. and Faimali, M., 2011. Terpenes from the red alga Sphaerococcus coronopifolius inhibit the settlement of barnacles. Marine Biotechnology. Vol. 13, No. 4, pp: 764-772. DOI: 10.1007/s10126-010-9337-4.
  20. Phang, I.Y.; Aldred, N.; Clare, A.S. and Vancso, G.J., 2008. Towards a nanomechanical basis for temporary adhesion in barnacle cyprids (Semibalanus balanoides). The royal society Interface. Vol. 5, pp: 397-401.
  21. Prendergast, G.S., 2010. Settlement and behavior of marine fouling organism. In: Dürr, S. and Thomason, J.C., (ed) Biofouling, Chapter 3. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. pp: 30-59.
  22. Pudota, J., 2011. Seasonal variations in biofouling and plankton community connected to a large scale salmon farm. Dissertation. Norwegian University of Science and Technology Department of Biology. 51 p.
  23. Railkin, A.I., 2003. Marine befouling: colonization processes and defenses. CRC Press, United States. 300 p.
  24. Riley, J.P. and Chester, R., 1971. Introduction to marine chemistry. Academic Press, London, New York. 465 p.
  25. Shannon, C.E. and Weaver, W., 1949. The Mathematical Theory of Communication. University of Illinois Press, Urbana.
  26. Ter Braak, C.J.F. and Smilauer, P., 2002. CANOCO Reference manual and CanoDraw for Windows User's guide: Software for Canonical Community Ordination (version 4.5). Microcomputer Power.
  27. Trono, G.C., 2003. Field Guide and Atlas of the seaweed resources of the Philippines. Bookmark Inc Makati City Philippines.
  28. Wahl, M., 1989.Marine epibiosis. I. Fouling and antifouling: some basic aspects. Marine Ecology Progress Series. Vol. 58, pp: 175-189.
Journal of Animal Environment
Volume 11, Issue 4
January 2020
Pages 369-376

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics