Investigating the effect of physcico-chemical and water trophy state on fish cage culture in the Aras Dam reservoir, West Azarbaijan

Document Type : Animal environment

Authors

1 National Artemia Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Urmia, Iran

2 Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization(AREEO), Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

Factors such as increased global consumption of fish reduced marine fish harvesting, profitability and economics have increased the interest in fish culture in the cage. Fish culture needs a desirable water quality which is the best way to achieve optimum survival and growth. The purpose of this research is to investigate the water quality in terms of being suitable for fish cage culture in the Aras Dam Reservoir in West Azarbaijan. Sampling was carried out from 3 sites each with seasonal period from summer 2017 to spring 2018. Sampling was performed on the entrance, middle of the Lake and the crown of the dam from the water surface. Water temperature (º C), E.C. (µs/cm), T.D.S.(mg/L), was measured with WTW E.C.meter, pH with WTW pH meter, DO (mg/L) using oximeter WTW model 320. The TSI trophy index was calculated based on the parameters of total phosphorus and secshi-disc depth.  The transparency of water varied from 0.5 to 1.3 m between sampling sites. Generally, the TP at each sampling site was higher in summer than the other seasons. The trophic condition of the Aras dam is the hypertrophy which indicates the high phosphorus load and contamination from the agricultural runoff in the lake. The concept of carrying capacity, shortage of fresh water sources and the presence of hypertrophic conditions in all sites and seasons indicate that the ecological conditions of the Aras dam are not suitable for fish cage culture, and therefore is not recommended.

Keywords

References

  1. PHA (American Public Health Association). 2005. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. Technology and Engineering. 1200 p.  
  2. Bhatnagar, A.; Jana, S.N.; Garg, S.K.; Patra, B.C.; Singh, G. and Barman, U.K., 2004. Water quality management in aquaculture. Course manual of summerschool on development of sustainable aquaculture technology in fresh & saline waters, CCS Haryana Agricultural, Hisar (India). pp: 203-210.
  3. Boyd, C.E., 1998. Water quality for pond aquaculture. Research and Development Series No.43. International center for aquaculture & aquatic environments, Alabama agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn University, Alabama.
  4. Boyd, C.E., 1990. Water quality in ponds for aquaculture. Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn University. Birmingham Publishing.
  5. Delince, G., 1993. The ecology of fish pond ecosystem. Springer-Siece.
  6. Elmaci, A.; Ozengin, N.; Teksoy, A.; Olcaytopac, A. and SavasBaskaya, H., 2009. Evaluation of trophic state of lake Uluabat, Turkey. Journal of Environmental Biology. Vol. 30, No. 5, pp: 757-760.
  7. Anusuya Devi, P.; Padmavathy, P.; Aanand, S. and Aruljothi, K., 2017. Review on water quality parameters in freshwater cage fish culture. International Journal of Applied Research. Vol. 3, No. 5, pp: 114-120.
  8. Bailey, M. and Sandford, G., 2002. The Ultimate Aquarium, A Definitive Guide to Identifying and Keeping Freshwater and Marine Fishes, Lorenz books. pp: 54-87.
  9. Banerjee, S.M., 1967.Water quality and soil condition of fishponds in states of India in relation to fish production. Indian Journal of Fisheries. Vol. 14, No. 1-2, pp: 115-144.
  10. Beveridge, M.C.M., 1984. Cage and pen fish farming: carrying capacity models and environmental impacts. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap. Vol. 255, pp: 1-131.
  11. Beveridge, M.C.M., 1993. Cage and pen fish farming: carrying capacity models and environmental impact. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper. No. 255. Rome, FAO. 131 p.
  12. Bhatnagar, A. and Devi, P., 2013. Water quality guidelines for the management of pond fish culture. International J of Environmental Sciences. Vol. 3, No. 6, pp: 1980-2009.
  13. Bhatnagar, A. and Garg, S.K., 2000. Causative factors of fish mortality in still water fish ponds under subtropical conditions. Aquaculture. Vol. 1, No. 2, pp: 91-96.
  14. Bugrov, L., 1992. Rainbow trout culture in submersible cages near offshore oil platforms. Aquaculture. Vol. 100, No. 1-3, pp: 169. DOI: 10.1016/0044-8486(92)90359-S.
  15. Demir, N.; Kirkagac, M.U.; Pulatsu, S. and Bekcan, S., 2001. Influence of trout cage culture on water quality, plankton and benthos in an Anatolian Dam Lake. The Israeli Journal of Aquaculture. Vol. 53, No. 3-4, pp: 115-127.
  16. Eglal, A.O.; Nour, A.M.; Essa, M.A.; Zaki, M.A. and Mabrouk, H.A., 2009. Technical and economical evaluation of small-scale fish cage culture for youth in the River Nile for Egypt: 1. Effect of stocking density of monosex Nile Tilapia (Oreochromisniloticus) fingerlings. In: Yang, Y.; Wu, X.Z. and Zhou, Y.Q., (Eds.), Cage aquaculture in Asia: Proceeding of the International symposium on cage aquaculture in Asia: pp: 107- 114. Asian Fisheries Society, Manila, Philippines and Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
  17. Gorlach-Lira, K.; Pacheco, C.; Carvalho, L.C.T.; Junior, H.N.M. and Crispim, M.C., 2013. The influence of fish culture in floating net cages on microbial indicators of water quality. Braz. J. Biol. Vol. 73, No. 3, pp: 457-463.
  18. Halwart, M.; Soto, D. and Richard Arthur, J., 2007. Cage aquaculture regional review and global overview. 1st ed., Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation Publisher Co, Rome. pp: 14-29.
  19. Jiwyam, W., 2012. Extensive net cage culture of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings in nutrient-enriched pond. Our Nature. Vol. 10, pp: 61-70.
  20. Jiwyam, W. and Chareontesprasit, N., 2001. Cage culture of Nile tilapia and its loading in a Freshwater Reservoir in Northeast Thailand. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences. Vol. 4, No. 5, pp: 614-617.
  21. Joseph, I., 2009. Important management measures in cage culture. In: National training on ‘cage culture of Seabass’ held at CMFRI, Kochi. pp: 50-56.
  22. Keremah, R.I.; Davies, O.A. and Abezi, I.D., 2014. Physico-Chemical Analysis of Fish Pond Water in Freshwater Areas of Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Greener Journal of Biological Sciences. Vol. 4, No. 2, pp: 33-38.
  23. Mallasen, M.; Barros, H.P.; Traficante, D.P. and Camargo, A.L.S., 2012.  Influence of a net cage tilapia culture on   the water quality of the Nova Avanhandava reservoir, Sao Paulo state, Brazil. Acta Scientiarum  Biological  Sciences. Vol. 34, No. 3, pp: 289-296.
  24. Meynendonckx, J.; Heuvelmans, G.; Muys, B. and Feyen, J., 2006. Effects of watershed and riparian zone characteristics on nutrient concentrations in the River Scheldt Basin. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions. Vol. 3, No. 3, pp: 653-679.
  25. Mondal, M.N.; Shahim, J.; Wahab, M.A.; Asaduzzaman, M. and Yang, Y., 2010.Comparison between cage and pond production of Thai Climbing Perch and Tilapia under three management systems. J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. Vol. 8, No. 2, pp: 313-322.
  26. Nausch, M. and Nausch, G., 2007. Bioavailable dissolved organic phosphorus and phosphorus use by heterotrophic bacteria. Aquatic biology. Vol. 1, pp: 151-160. doi:10.3354.
  27. Nyanti, L.; Hii, K.M.; Sow, A.; Norhadi, I. and Ling, T.Y., 2012. Impacts of Aquaculture at different Depths and Distances from cage culture sited in Batang Ai Hydroelectric Dam Reservoir Sarawak, Malaysia. World Applied Sciences Journal. Vol. 19, No. 4, pp: 451-456.
  28. Pitta, P.; Karakassis, I.; Tsapakis, M. and Zivanovic, S., 1999. Natural vs. mariculture induce variability in numbers and plankton in the eastern Mediterranean. Hydrobiologia. Vol. 391, pp:181-194.
  29. Rao, M., 2011. Impact of phosphorus on water quality. Publication no.SL 275, University of Florida, IFAD Extension.
  30. Robert, C.S.; Grindley, E. and William, E.E., 1940. Fish invest servl. Vol. 4, No. 2.
  31. Santhosh, B. and Singh, N.P., 2007. Guidelines for water quality management for fish culture in Tripura. ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Tripura Center, Publication. 29 p.
  32. Sharma, M.P.; Kumar, A. and Rajvanshi, S., 2010. Assessment of trophic state of lakes: a case of Mansi Ganga Lake in India. Hydro Nepal. Journal of Water, Energy and Environment. Vol. 6, pp: 65-72.
  33. Shieh, S.H. and Yang, P.S., 2000. Community structure and Functional Organization of Aquatic Insect in Agriculture Mounitain stream of Taiwan: 1985-1986 and 1995-1996.
  34. Siti-zahrah, A.; Padilah, B.; Azila, R.; Rimatulhana, R. and Shahidan, H., 2008. Multiple streptococcal species infection in cage-cultured Red Tilapia but showing similar clinical signs, pp 313-320. In: Bonded-Reantaso, M.G.; Mohan, C.V.; Crumlish, M. and Subasinghe, R.P., (Eds.), Disease in Asian Aquaculture VI. Fish Health Section, Asian Fisheries Society, Manila, Philippines. 505 p.
  35. Tarzwell, C.M., 1957. Water quality criteria for aquatic life. In: Biological problems in water pollutions. U.S. Dept of Health Education and welfare, P.H.S. pp: 246-272.
  36. Thirupathaiah,M.;Samatha,Ch. and Sammaiah,C., 2012. Analysis of water quality using physico-chemical parameters in lower manair reservoir of Karimnagar district, Andhra Pradesh. International Journal of Environmental Sciences. Vol. 3, No. 1, pp: 172-180.
  37. Zanatta, A.S.; Perbiche-Neves, G.; Ventura, R.; Ramos, I.P. and Carvalho, E.D., 2010. Effects of a small fish cage farm on zooplankton assemblages (Cladocera and Copepoda: Crustacea) in a sub-tropical reservoir. Pan American Journal of Aquatic Sciences. Vol. 5, No. 4, pp: 530-539.
Journal of Animal Environment
Volume 12, Issue 2
April 2020
Pages 283-290

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics