Investigation of Structure and abundance of zooplankton by ballast water of ships entering the Bushehr port

Document Type : (original research)

Authors

1 Department of Environmental Sciences, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran

2 Department of Fisheries, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran

3 Department of Environment, Persian Gulf Research Institute, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran

4 Shrimp Research Center, Iranian fisheries Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extention Organization, Bushehr, Iran

Abstract

Non-native species could threaten biodiversity, marine industries, and human health. In this research, ballast water sampling of 10 ships berthing at the port of Bushehr was carried out according to resolution MEPC 173 (58) in hot and cool season. Zooplankton samples were collected from ballast tanks using a pump. Zooplankton species were from 7 phylum, 11 classes, 15 orders, 33 families, 38 genera and 48 species. Arthropoda comprises 57.25% of the species (the highest density) with 23 families and 38 species and Chordata with two families and two species, 1.52% of species (the lowest density). The highest and lowest densities of the species were observed among leprotintinnus bubiyanicus of the Tintinnidae (12.98%) and the Oikopleura dioica of the Oikopleuridae (0.25%), respectively. According to the species identified in this study, no species was identified as invasive. Therefore, it can be said that changing ships’ ballast water in the oceans can be an appropriate strategy to alleviate the risk of transferring the non-native species to the Bushehr Port.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  1. Abdel-Aziz, P.K.; Al-Tisan, I.A. and Jareed, M.A., 2003. Chlorophyl and Plankton of the Gulf Coastal Waters of Saudi Arabia bordering a Desalination Paper presented at IDA Conference, at Manama, Bahrain. pp: 291-302.
  2. Al- Yamani. F. and Valeriy, A.S., 2006, Identification Guide for Protozoans from Kuwaits Coastal Planktonic Ciliates: Tintinnids. 109 p.
  3. Al-Yamani, F.Y.; Skryabin, V.; Gubanova, A.; Khvorov, S. and Prusova, I., 2011. Marian zooplankton practical guid for the North western Persian Gulf. Kuwait Institute for Scienti"c Research, Kuwait. 399 p.
  4. Bailey, S.A.; Deneau, M.G.; Jean, L.; Wiley, C.J.; Leung, B. and MacIsaac, H.J., 2011. Evaluating Efficacy of an Environmental Policy to Prevent Biological Invasions. Environmetal Science Technology. Vol. 45, pp: 2554-2561.
  5. Baek, S.H.; Jung, S.W.; Jang, M.C.; Hyun, B. and Shin, K., 2012. Survival potential of autotrophic phytoplankton species collected from ballast water in international commercial ships. N.Z.J. Marrine Freshwater Research. Vol. 46, pp: 125-136.
  6. Brewer, P.G., 1985. Chemical oceanography of the Persian Gulf. Progress in oceanography. Vol. 14, pp: 41-55.
  7. Carlton, J.T., 1985. Transoceanic and interoceanic dispersal of coastal marine organisms: the biology of ballast water. Oceanography and Marine Biology Annual Review. Vol. 23, pp: 313-371.
  8. Carlton, J.T. and Geller, J.B., 1993. Ecological roulette: the global transport of nonindigenous marine organisms. Science. Vol. 261, pp: 78-82.
  9. Carter, C.M.; Ross, A.H.; Schiel, D.R.; Howard Williams, C. and Hayden, B., In situ microcosm experiment on the influence of nitrate and light on phytoplankton community composition. J. Exp. Marine Biology. Vol. 326, pp: 1-13.
  10. Castro, M.C.; Fileman, T.W. and Hall-Spencer, J.M., 2017. Invasive species in the Northeastern and Southwestern Atlantic Ocean. A review. Marine Pollution Bulletin. Vol. 116, pp: 41-47.
  11. Chandy, J.P.; Al-Tisan I.; Munshi, H.A. and El Reheim, H.A., 1991. Marine phytoplankton: A study on seasonal abundance and distribution in Al-JubailResearch Activities and Studies. Vol. 2, pp: 300-335.
  12. Clesseri, L.S.; Greenberg, A.E. and Eaton, A.D., 2003. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, New York, 20th ed. APHA, AWWA and WEF.
  13. Cordell, J.; Kalata, O.; Pleus, A.; Newsom, A.; Strieck, K. and Gertsen, G., 2015. Effectiveness of ballast water exchange in protecting Puget Sound from invasive species. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. 55 p.
  14. David, M.; Gollasch, S. and Penko, L., 2018. Identification of ballast water discharge profiles of a port to enable effective ballast water management and environmental studies. Journal of Sea Research. Vol. 133, pp: 60-72.
  15. David, M.; Gollasch, S. and Penko, L., 2018. Identification of ballast water discharge profiles of a port to enable effective ballast water management and environmental studies. Journal of Sea Research. Vol. 133, pp: 60-72.
  16. Desai, D.V.; Narale, D.; Khandeparker, L. and Anil, A.C., Potential ballast water transfer of organisms from the west to the east coast of India: Insights through on board sampling. J of Sea Research. Vol. 1, No. 133, pp: 88-99.
  17. Drake, L.A.; Ruiz, G.M.; Galil, B.S.; Mullady, T.L.; Friedmann, D.O. and Dobbs, F.C., 2002. Microbial ecology of ballast water during a transoceanic voyage and the effects of open-ocean exchange. Marine Ecology Progress Series. Vol. 233, pp: 13-20.
  18. Feng, D.; Chen, X.; Tian, W.; Qian, Q.; Shen, H.; Liao, D. and Lv, B., 2017. Pollution characteristics and ecological risk of heavy metals in ballast tank sediment. Environmental science and pollution research. Vol. 24, No.4, pp: 3951-3958.
  19. Garrett, M.J.; Puchulutegui, C.; Selwood, A.I. and Wolny, J.L., 2014. Identification of the harmful dinoflagellate Vulcanodinium rugosum recovered from a ballast tank of a globally traveled ship in Port Tampa Bay, Florida, USA. Harmful Algae Journal. Vol. 39, pp: 202-209.
  20. Ghotbeddin, N. and Mosavi Dehmordi, L., 2019. Investigation of physicochemical factors, chl-an and primary production in Mahshahr Creeks (Northwest Persian Gulf). Iranian Journal of Fisheries and Sciences. Vol. 18, No. 1, pp: 83-94.
  21. Gollasch, S.; Lenz, J.; Dammer, M. and Andres, H.G., 2000. Survival of tropical ballast water organisms during a cruise from the Indian Ocean to the North Sea. Journalof Plankton Research. Vol. 22, pp: 923-937.
  22. Hallegraeff, G.M. and Bolch, C.J., 1992. Transport of diatom and dinoflagellate resting spores in ships' ballast water: implications for plankton biogeography and aquaculture. Journal of Plankton Research. Vol. 14, No. 8, pp: 1067-1084.
  23. Harris, R.; Wiebe, P.; Lenz, J.; Skjoldal, H.R. and Huntley, M.E., 2000.ICES Zooplankton Methodology Manual. Academic Press, London. 684 p.
  24. Kuffner, B.I.; Andersson, A.J.; Jokiel, P.L.; Rodgers, K.S. and Mackenzie, F.T., 2008. Decreased abundance of crustose coralline algae due to ocean acidification. Nature Geoscience. Vol. 1, pp: 114-117.
  25. Kozai, K.; Ishida, H.; Okamoto, K. and Fukuyo, Y., 2006. Feasibility study of ocean color remote sensing for detecting ballast Advances in space research. Vol. 37, pp: 787-792.
  26. Kydd, J.; Rajakaruna, H.; Briski, E. and Bailey, S., 2018. Examination of a high resolution laser optical plankton counter and FlowCAM for measuring plankton concentration and size. Journal of Sea Research. Vol. 133, pp: 2-10.
  27. Liu, T.K.; Chen, Y.S. and Su, P.H., 2019. Utilizing the Environmental and Vessel Factors to Assess the Risk of Non Indigenous Species Introduced by Ships' Ballast Water. In OCEANS 2019-Marseille (1-5). IEEE.Lock wood, G.L.; Hoopes, M. and Marchetti, M.P., 2008. Invasion Ecology. UK. 304 p.
  28. Maglic, L.; Zec, D. and Francic, V., 2016. Ballast water sediment elemental analysis. Marine Pollution Bulletin. Vol. 103, No: 1-2, pp: 93-100.
  29. McCollin, T.; Shanks, A.M. and Dunn, J., 2007. The efficiency of regional ballast water exchange: Changes in phytoplankton abundance and diversity. Harmful Algae. Vol. 6, No. 4, pp: 531-546.
  30. Mirza, R.; Mohammadi, M.; Faghiri, I.; Abedi, E.; Fakhri, A.; Azimi, A. and Zahed, M.A., 2014. Source identification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediment samples from the northern part of the Persian Gulf, Iran. Environ Monit Assess, Vol. 186, No. 11, pp: 7387-7398.
  31. Molina, V. and Drake, L.A., 2016. Efficacy of open-ocean ballast water exchange: a review. Management Biological Invasions. Vol. 7, pp: 375-388.
  32. Nosrati-Ghods, N.; Ghadiri, M. and Früh, W.F., 2017. Management and environmental risk study of the physicochemical parameters of ballast water. 114, pp: 428-438.
  33. Ogawa, H. and Tanoue, E., 2003. Dissolved organic matter in oceanic waters. Journal of Oceanography. Vol. 59, No. 2, pp: 129-147.
  34. Raaymakers, S., 2002. The ballast water problem: global ecological, economic and human health impacts. In RECSO/IMO Joint Seminar on Tanker Ballast Water Management and Technologies. pp: 16-18.
  35. Shi, Y., 2107. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions from international shipping: Is it time to consider market-based measures. Marine Policy Journal. Vol. 64, pp: 123-134.
  36. Steichen, J.L. and Quigg, A., 2015.Assessing the viability of microorganisms in the ballast water of vessels transiting the North Atlantic Ocean. Marine Pollution Bulletin Journal. Vol. 101, pp: 258-266.
  37. Taneez, M.; Hurel, C. and Marmier, N., 2015. Ex-situ evaluation of bauxite residues as amendment for trace elements stabilization in dredged sediment from Mediterranean Sea: a case study. Marine Pollution Bulletin. Vol. 98, No. 1-2, pp: 229-234.
  38. Tjahjono, A.; Bambang, A.N. and Anggoro, S., 2017. Analysis of heavy metal content of Cd and Zn in ballast water tank of commercial vessels in Port of Tanjung Emas Semarang, Central Java Province. InIOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. Vol. 55, No. 1, p: 012024. IOP Publishing.
  39. Zaleha, K. and Sathiya, B.M., 2006. Zooplankton in East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Journal of Sustainability Science and Management. Vol. 2, pp: 87-106.
  40. Zvyagintsev, A.; Yu Ivin, V.V.; Kashin, I.A.; Orlova, T.Yu.; Selina, S.; Kasyan, V.V.; Korn, O.M.; Kornienko, E.S.; Kulikova, V.A.; Bezverbnaya, I.P.; Zvereva, L.V.; Radashevsky, V.I.; Belogurova, L.S.; Begun, A.A. and Gorodkov, A.N., 2009. Acclimation and Introduction of Hydrobionts Ships’ Ballast Water Organisms in the Port of Vladivostok, Russian Journalof Marine Biology. Vol. 35, No. 1, pp: 41-52.
Journal of Animal Environment
Volume 13, Issue 1
May 2021
Pages 465-476

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics