Chemical Composition and In Vitro Digestibility of Pomegranate Byproducts in Ruminant diet

Document Type : (original research)

Authors

Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran

Abstract

Digestibility of feeds can be measured using in vivo (direct method) and in vitro methods. The aim of this study was to measured chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of dried pomegranate seed pulp and pomegranate by-products silage by gas production technique. This research was conducted in the Department of Animal Sciences, Shiraz University. The experimental diets include dried pomegranate seed pulp (DPS), pomegranate seed pulp silage (fresh pomegranate seed pulp with 2% urea; FPS), pomegranate pulp silage (mixture of same amount of peel and seed pulp with 2% urea and 3% wheat straw; PPS+U), and the same silage mixture without urea (PPS). The chemical composition (protein, fat, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF)) and volume of gas production were measured. The results showed the highest percentage of protein (23.33) and fat (16.75) were found in PPS+U and FPS, respectively. The dried pomegranate seed pulp had the maximum amount of NDF and ADF. The maximum gas production volume during 24 hours was found in dried pomegranate seed pulp. The constant gas production rate per hour (c) was not significantly different between the treatments, but other fermentation parameters were higher in DPS than other samples. In general, our results showed that DSP, despite higher amount of NDF, has higher gas production and more energy, and also the PPS+U, is an appropriated protein feed, that these two pomegranate by-products can be tested in in vivo studies by replacement for some part of the forage and concentrate in ruminant rations.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  1.  AOAC. 1995. Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Official Methods of Analysis. 16th edn., Washington, DC.
  2. Abarghuei, M.J.; Rouzbehan, Y.; Salem, A.Z.M. and Zamiri, M.J., 2013. Nutrient digestion, ruminal fermentation and performance of dairy cows fed pomegranate peel extract. Livestock Science. Vol. 157, pp: 452-461.
  3. Abbasi, H.; Rezaei, K. and Rashidi, L., 2008. Extraction of essential oils from the seeds of pomegranate using organic solvents and supercritical CO2. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society. 85, pp: 83-89.
  4. Al-Maiman, S.A. and Ahmad, D., 2002. Changes in physical and chemical properties during pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruit maturation. Food Chemistry. Vol. 76, pp: 437-441.
  5. Blümmel, M.; Makkar, H.P.S. and Becker, K., 1997. In vitro gas production: A technique revisited. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition. Vol. 77, pp: 24-34.
  6. Delavar, M.H.; Tahmasbi, A.M.; Danesh-Mesgaran, M. and Valizadeh, R., 2014. In vitro rumen fermentation and gas production: Influence of different by-product feedstuffs. Annual Research and Review in Biology. Vol. 4, pp:
    1121-1128.
  7. Ebrahim Pour, M.; Haghparvar, R.U.; Rowghani, E.; Shojaian, K. and Zefrei, M.G., 2014. The effect of a bacterial inoculant, urea and molasses on chemical composition, in vitro gas production and energy content of ensiled pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) seeds and peel pulp. Research Opinions in Animal and Veterinary Sciences. Vol. 4, pp: 85-90.
  8. Ebrahimi, B.; Taghizadeh, A. and Mehmannavaz, Y., 2013. Ruminal degradation of pomegranate pomace using nylon bags technique. European Journal of Experimental Biology. Vol. 3, pp: 260-262.
  9. Eliyahu, D.; Shaani, Y.; Yosef, E.; Ben-Meir, Y.; Nikbachat, M.; Solomon, R. and Miron, J., 2015. Effect of ensiling pomegranate pulp with solid additives on chemical composition, intake and digestibility by sheep. Small Ruminant Research. Vol. 131, pp: 93-98.
  10. Emami, A.; Ganjkhanlou, M.; Nasri, M.F.; Zali, A. and Rashidi, L., 2015. Pomegranate seed pulp as a novel replacement of dietary cereal grains for kids. Small Ruminant Research. Vol. 123, pp: 238-245.
  11. Feizi, R.; Ghodratnama, A.; Zahedifar, M.; Mesgaran, M.D. and Raisianzadeh, M., 2005. Apparent digestibility of pomegranate seed fed to sheep. In Journal of Dairy Science. Vol. 88, pp: 194-194.
  12. Getachew, G.; Makkar, H.P.S. and Becker, K., 2002. Tropical browses: contents of phenolic compounds, in vitro gas production and stoichiometric relationship between short chain fatty acid and in vitro gas production. The Journal of Agricultural Science. Vol. 139, pp: 341-352.
  13. Getachew, G.; Robinson, P.H.; DePeters, E.J. and Taylor, S.J., 2004. Relationships between chemical composition, dry matter degradation and in vitro gas production of several ruminant feeds. Animal Feed Science and Technology. Vol. 111, pp: 57-71.
  14. Karabulut, A.; Canbolat, O.; Kalkan, H.; Gurbuzol, F.; Sucu, E. and Filya, I., 2007. Comparison of in vitro gas production, metabolizable energy, organic matter digestibility and microbial protein production of some legume hays. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences. Vol. 20, pp: 517-522.
  15. Makkar, H.P.; Blümmel, M. and Becker, K., 1995. In vitro effects of and interactions between tannins and saponins and fate of tannins in the rumen. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. Vol. 69, pp: 481-493.
  16. Maheri-Sis, N.; Chamani, M.; Ali-Asghar, S.; Mirza Aghazadeh, A. and Aghajanzadeh-Golshani, A., Nutritional evaluation of kabuli and desi type chickpeas (Cicer arietinum L.) for ruminants using in vitro gas production technique. African Journal of Biotechnology. Vol. 7, No. 16, pp: 2946-2951.
  17. Menke, K.H. and Staingass, H., 1988. Estimation of energetic feed value obtained from chemical analysis and in vitro gas production using rumen fluid. Animal Research Development. Vol. 28, pp: 7-55.
  18. Min, B.R.; Barry, T.N.; Attwood, G.T. and McNabb, W.C., 2003. The effect of condensed tannins on the nutrition and health of ruminants fed fresh temperate forages: a review. Animal feed science and technology. Vol. 106, pp: 3-19.
  19. Mirzaei-Aghsaghali, A.; Maheri-Sis, N.; Mansouri, H.; Razeghi, M.E.; Mirza-Aghazadeh, A.; Cheraghi, H. and Aghajanzadeh-Golshani, A., 2011. Evaluating potential nutritive value of pomegranate processing by-products for ruminants using in vitro gas production technique. ARPN Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science. Vol. 6, pp: 45-51.
  20.  NRC. 2001. Nutrient Requirements of Small Ruminants. 7th edition. National Acadmy Press, Washington, DC, USA.
  21.  NRC. 2007. Nutrient Requirements of Small Ruminants. 7th edition. National Acadmy Press, Washington, DC, USA.
  22. Ørskov, E.R. and McDonald, I., 1979. The estimation of protein degradability in the rumen from incubation measurements weighted according to rate of passage. The Journal of Agricultural Science. Vol. 92, pp: 499-503.
  23. Özkan, M., 2002. Degradation of anthocyanins in sour cherry and pomegranate juices by hydrogen peroxide in the presence of added ascorbic acid. Food Chemistry. Vol. 78, pp: 499-504.
  24. Sadq, S.M.; Ramzi, D.O.; Hamasalim, H.J. and Ahmed, K.A., 2016. Growth performance and digestibility in Karadi lambs receiving different levels of pomegranate peels. Open Journal of Animal Sciences. Vol. 6, pp: 16-23.
  25. Silanikove, N.; Perevolotsky, A. and Provenza, F.D., 2001. Use of tannin-binding chemicals to assay for tannins and their negative postingestive effects in ruminants. Animal Feed Science and Technology. Vol. 91, pp: 69-81.
  26. Sommart, K.; Parker, D.S.; Rowlinson, P. and Wanapat, M., 2000. Fermentation characteristics and microbial protein synthesis in an in vitro system using cassava, rice straw and dried ruzi grass as substrates. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences. Vol. 13, pp: 1084-1093.
  27. Taher-Maddah, M.; Maheri-Sis, N.; Salamatdoustnobar, R. and Ahmadzadeh, A., 2012a. Estimating fermentation characteristics and nutritive value of ensiled and dried pomegranate seeds for ruminants using in vitro gas production technique. Open Veterinary Journal. Vol. 2, pp: 40-45.
  28. Taher-Maddah, M.; Maheri-Sis, N.; Salamatdoustnobar, R. and Ahmadzadeh, A., 2012b. Comparing nutritive value of ensiled and dried pomegranate peels for ruminants using in vitro gas production technique. Annals of Biological Research. Vol. 3, pp: 1942-1946.
  29. Van Soest, P.; Robertson, J.B. and Lewis, B.A., 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science. Vol. 74, pp: 3583-3597.
  30. Vasta, V.; Nudda, A.; Cannas, A.; Lanza, M. and Priolo, A., 2008. Alternative feed resources and their effects on the quality of meat and milk from small ruminants. Animal Feed Science and Technology. Vol. 147, pp: 223-246.
Journal of Animal Environment
Volume 13, Issue 2
August 2021
Pages 67-74

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics