Alteration of intestinal bacterial flora as a result of using different levels of spirulina powder and cloves in the diet of ordinary carp

Document Type : (original research)

Authors

1 Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environmental, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran

2 Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran

10.22034/aej.2022.336177.2784

Abstract

The composition of the intestinal microflora of animals is affected by the type of food, on the other hand, the use of natural compounds and traditional medicinal plants such as spirulina and etc… as a new component in fish diets is expanding today. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of spirulina algae powder and clove powder on the gastrointestinal microflora of common carp juveniles. So, 160 juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio) (average weight 16.20 ± 1) were fed for 8 weeks with diets containing different amounts of spirulina algae powder (5, 10, and 15 %) and Cloves powder (2, 4, and 6 %) per kg of food. At the end of the period, the Guts and viscera of juveniles were harvested. DNA was extracted after preparing the required sample. The extracted DNA was used to build a new generation molecular library and sequencing. The abundance of intestinal bacteria was determined by molecular study and DNA extraction by quantitative analysis based on Real-Time PCR. The results showed that increasing the amount of spirulina powder in fish diets by up to 10 % and clove powder by up to 4 % increased the activity of firmicutes bacteria. While the activity of Bacteroides was observed in the treatment containing 15 % spirulina and 4 % of clove powder. Bacterial activity decreased in both bacterial groups by increasing the percentage of clove powder in the diet. This activity was lower than the control treatment. Therefore, the addition of spirulina powder (up to 10 %) and cloves (up to 4 %) can improve the intestinal microflora of juvenile common carp. Based on the findings, it was found that herbal supplements have a positive effect on the beneficial bacteria of carp gut microbiota and they can provide an effective strategy for aquaculture activities.

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Journal of Animal Environment
Volume 15, Issue 1
June 2023
Pages 221-226

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