Faculty of Veterinary Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran, POBox: 775-14515
Abstract
In ostrich (Struthio camelus), the standing weight is born entirely with pelvic limb digits so that the metatarsophalangeal joint received highest pressure. In the present study, anatomical structure of this joint investigated macroscopically. 25 pelvic limbs were prepared and dissected carefullt after fixation in 10% formalin. For arthrograohy, 4 ml of medium contrast was injected medially in to the metatarsophalangeal joint of third and fourth digits and radiographs were taken at lateromedial and dorsoplantar directions. In macroscopic examination, superficial fascia surrounds the etatarsophalangeal joint and plantar ligament and integrates with flexor tendons' fascia. Deep fascia which is composed of superficial and deep layers is connected to the metatarsophalangeal joint ligaments. Plantar ligament on the plantar surface keeps the metatarsophalangeal joint structure and many ligaments attach to the plantar pads which cause easier movement of the digits. The second tarsometatarsal bone fused with the third and fourth metatarsus after 90 days of age and remains as a process. Arthrography showed that the metatarsophalangeal joint of the third and fourth digits are dictinct and separate and their pouchs are quite recognizable.
Agabalyan, N.; Evans, D.J.R. and Stanley, R.L., 2013. Investigating tendon mineralisation in the avian hindlimb: a model for tendon ageing, injury and disease. Journal of Anatomy. Vol. 223, pp: 262-277.
Belu, C.; Predol, G.; Dumitrescu, I.; Georgescu, B.; Seicaru, A.; Rosu, P.; Bitoiu, C. and Neghirla, I., 2009. Researches Regarding the Shoulder and Elbow Joints in Ostrich (Struthiocamelus). Bulletin UASVM Veterinary Medicine. Vol. 66, No. 1, pp: 7-12.
Chadwick, K.P.; Regnault, S.; Allen, V. and Hutchinson, J.R., 2014. Three-dimensional anatomy of the ostrich (Struthio camelus) knee joint. PeerJournal. Vol. 2, 706 p.
Cooper, R.G., 2008. Walking and behaviors of birds kept in captivity. World poultry. Vol. 24, pp: 24-25.
El-Gendy, A.A.; Derbalah, A. and Abu El-Magd, M.E.R., 2012. Macro-microscopic study on the toepad of ostrich (Struthiocamelus). Veterinary Research Communication. Vol. 36, pp:129-138.
Gangl, D.; Weissengruber, G.E.; Egerbacher, M. and Forstenpointner, G., 2004. Anatomical Description of the Muscles of the Pelvic Limb in the Ostrich (Struthiocamelus). Anatomia Histologia Embryologia. Vol. 33, 100-114.
Getty, R., 1975. Sisson and Grossmans. the anatomy of the domestic animals. 5th edition. W.B. Saunders Co. Philadelphia. 145-155 p.
Nickel, R.; Schummer, A. and Seifrele, E., 1986. The locomotor system of the domestic mammlas. Verlug Paul Parey, Berlin, Hamburg. Vol. 1, pp: 200-213.
Smith, N.C.; Wilson, A.M.; Jespers, K.J. and Payne, R.C., 2006. Muscle architecture and functional anatomy of the pelvic limb of the ostrich (Struthiocamelus). Journal of Anatomy. Vol. 209, pp: 765-779.
Razeghi Tehrani, P., & Gilanpour, H. (2017). Macroscopic anatomy of the metatarsophalangeal joint in Ostrich (Struthio camelus). Journal of Animal Environment, 9(4), 119-124.
MLA
Payam Razeghi Tehrani; Hassan Gilanpour. "Macroscopic anatomy of the metatarsophalangeal joint in Ostrich (Struthio camelus)". Journal of Animal Environment, 9, 4, 2017, 119-124.
HARVARD
Razeghi Tehrani, P., Gilanpour, H. (2017). 'Macroscopic anatomy of the metatarsophalangeal joint in Ostrich (Struthio camelus)', Journal of Animal Environment, 9(4), pp. 119-124.
VANCOUVER
Razeghi Tehrani, P., Gilanpour, H. Macroscopic anatomy of the metatarsophalangeal joint in Ostrich (Struthio camelus). Journal of Animal Environment, 2017; 9(4): 119-124.
)
