Effect of the food supplemented probioenzyme on growth, hematology and immune responses in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Document Type : Nutrition

Authors

1 Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, Marine Science and Technology University of Khorramshahr, Iran

2 Department of Marine Biology, Marine and Oceanic Sciences Faculty, Marine Science and Technology University of Khorramshahr, Iran

3 Associate professor, Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute (IFSRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO) P.O. Box 149/14965 Tehran, Iran

Abstract

To investigate the effect of probioenzyme on growth, nutrition, hematology and immune response in
rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss),this matter was supplemented at 0.3, and 0.5g/kg diet(treatments
of 2 and 3  respectively) and control group(treatment 1: no food supplemented probioenzyme) in  three
treatments with three replications. This survey was  performed  in  nine 200ltanks  containing 30
fish(average weight: 26.3± 2.7g)  in each  tank for 60 days. At the end of the feeding period, the growth
and blood  factors analyzed. Based on the results, there is no significant  difference  between treatments
1, 2 and in growth, nutrition and blood erythrocytes factors(P >0.05). The mean white blood cells and
blood cells neutrophil percentage in treatment of 3 was significantly different (P <0.05) from the control
group fish. Significant differences in serum complement components in the treated groups were in
comparission to control group (P <0.05). ACH50 activity and immunoglobulin (IgM) did not show
significant differences between treatments (P> 0.05). The lysozyme and serum globulins in treatment 3
compared to the control treatment was higher and statistically significant (P <0.05). Although there
weren,t signs of significant effects of probioenzyme on growth and nutrition factors, Probioenzyme can
have immunological effects on rainbow trout.

Keywords

References

  1. Ai, Q.; Mai, K.; Zhang, W.; Xu, W.; Tan, B.; Zhang, C. and Li, H., 2007. Effects of exogenous enzyme (phytase, non-starch polysaccaride enzyme) in diets on growth, feed utilization, nitrogen and phosphorus excretion of japanese seabass, Lateolabrax japonicus. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A: Molecular and Integrative Physiology. Vol. 147, pp: 502-208.
  2. Amar, E.C.; Kiron, V.; Satoh, S. and Watanabe, T., 2004. Enhancement of innate immunity in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) associated with dietary intake of carotenoids from natural products. Fish Shellfish Immunology. Vol. 16, pp: 527-537.
  3. Balcazer, J.L.; De Blas, I.; Ruiz-Zarzuela, I.; Vendrell, D.; Girones, O. and Muzquiz, J.L., 2007. Enhancementof the immuneresponse and protection induced by probiotic lactic acid bacteria against furunculosis in rainbowtrout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology (Federation of European Microbiological Societies). Vol. 51, pp: 185-193.
  4. Bedford, M.R. and Partridge, G., 2010. Enzymes in farm animal nutrition (2nd edition).CAB international publication, Bodmin.UK.           
  5. Bogevik, A.S., 2015. Xylanase supplementation in fish feed. Nofima, Norway. 10 p.
  6. Cerezuela, R.; Guardiola, F.A.; Gonzalez, P.; Meseguer, J. And Esteban, A., 2012. Effects of dietary Bacillus subtilis, Tetraselmis chuii, and Phaeodactylum tricornutum, singularly or in combination, on the immune response and disease resistance of   sea bream (Sparus aurata L.). Fish and Shellfish Immunology. Vol. 33, pp: 342-349.
  7. Clerton, P.; Troutaud, D.; Verlhac, V.; Gabraudan, J. and Deschaux, P., 2001. Dietary vitamin E and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) phagocyte function: effect on gut and head kidney leucocyte. Fish and Shellfish Immunology. Vol. 11, pp: 1-13.
  8. Dalsgaard, J.; Verlhac, V.; Hjermitslev, N.H.; Ekmann, K.S.; Fischer, M.; Klausen, M. and Pedersen, P.B., 2012. Effects of exogenous enzymes on apparent nutrient digestibility in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed diets with high inclusion of plant-based protein. Animal Feed Science Technology. Vol. 171, pp: 181-191.
  9. Davis, D.A.; Samocha, T.N.; Bullis, R.A.; Pantnaik, S.; Browdy, C.L.; Stokes A.D. and Atwood H.L., 2004. Practical diet for (Litopenaeus vannamei). Working towards organic and/or all plant production diet. 16-19 November, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico. pp: 202-213.
  10. Drew, M.D.; Racz, V.J.; Gauthier, R. and Thiessen, D.L., 2005. Effect of adding protease to coextruded flax: pea or canola: pea products on nutrient digestibility and growth performance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Animal Feed Science Technology. Vol. 119, pp: 117-128.
  11. Feldman, B.F.; Zinkl, J.G. and Jain, N.C., 2000. Schalm's Veterinary Hematology. 5th ed. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. pp: 1120-1124.
  12. Freitag, M., 2007.  Organic acids and salts promote performance and health in animal husbandry. In: Lu¨ cksta¨ dt C, editor. Acidifiers in Animal Nutrition – A Guide for Feed Preservation and Acidification to Promote Animal Performance. 1st ed.: Nottingham University Press, Nottingham, UK. pp: 1-11.
  13. Ganguly, S.; Dora, K.C.; Sarkar, S. and Chowdhury, S., 2013. Supplementation of   prebiotics in fish feed: a review.  Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries. Vol. 23, pp: 195-199.
  14. Grinde, B.; Lie, O.; Poppe, T. and Salte, R., 1988. Species and individual variation in lysozyme activity in fish of interest in aquaculture. Aquaculture. Vol. 68, pp: 299-304.
  15. Hoseinifar, S.H.; Mirvaghefi, A.; Mojazi Amiri, B.; Rostami, H.K. and Merrifield, D.L., 2011. The effects of oligofructose on growth performance, survival and autochthonous intestinal microbiota    of beluga (Huso huso) juveniles. Aquaculture Nutrition. Vol. 17, pp: 498-504.
  16. Irianto, A. and Austin, B., 2002, Probiotics in aquaculture (Review). Journal of Fish. Diseases. Vol. 25, pp: 633-642.
  17. Iwama, G. and Nakanishi, T., 1996. The fish immune system. Academic Press, London. Chapter 3: innate Immunity in fish. pp: 73-114.
  18. Jiang, T.T.; Feng, L.; Liu, Y.; Jiang, W.D.; Jiang, J.; LI, S.H.; Tang, L.; Kuang, S.Y. and Zhou, X.Q., 2014. Effects of exogenous xylanase supplementation in plant protein-enriched diets on growth performance, intestinal enzyme activities and microflora of juvenile jian carp (Cyprinus carpio). Aquaculture Nutrition. Vol. 20, pp: 632-645.
  19. Kruger, N.J., 1996. The Bradford method for protein quantization.  In:  Walker, J.   M.  Ed., the protein protocols Handbook. Vol.  1, Human Press, Totowa, USA. pp: 11-15.
  20. Kubulay, A. and Ulukoy, G., 2002. The effects of   acute stress on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Turkish Journal  of  Zoology. Vol. 26, pp: 249-254. 
  21. Lie, O.; Evensen, O.; Sorensen, A. and Froysadal, E., 1989. Study on lysozyme activity in some fish species. Disease of Aquatic Organism. Vol. 6, pp:1-5.
  22. Lin, S.; Mai, K. and Tan, B., 2007. Effect of exogenous enzyme   supplementation in diets on growth and feed utilization in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Aquacul Rese. Vol. 38, pp: 1645-1653.
  23. Liu, B.; Xu, L.; Ge, X.; Xie, J.; Xu, P.; Zhou, Q.; Pan, L. and Zhang, Y., 2013. Effects of mannan oligosaccharide on the physiological responses, HSP70 gene expression and disease resistance of Allogynogenetic crucian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) under Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Fish and shellfish immuno. Vol. 34, pp: 1395-1403.
  24. Liu, C.H.; Chiu, C.H.; Wang, S.W. and Cheng, W., 2012. Dietary administration of the probiotic, Bacillus subtilis E20 enhances the growth, innate immune responses, and disease resistance of the grouper, Epinephelus coioides. Fish and Shellfish Immunology. Vol. 33, pp: 699-706.
  25. Magnadottir, B.; Lange, S.; Gudmundsdottir, S.; Bogwald, J. and Dalmo, R.A. 2005. Ontogeny of humoral immune pa­rameters in fish. Fish and Shellfish Immunology. Vol. 19, pp: 429-439.
  26. Mahmoudzadeh, L.; Meshkini, S.; Tukmehchi, A.; Motalebi Moghanjoghi, A.A. and Mahmoudzadeh,
    M., 2016.     Effects of dietary Bacillus subtilis on growth performance and immune responses in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences. Vol. 15, No. 1, pp: 347-359.
  27. Marian, M.P., 2004. Growth and immune response of juvenile greasy groupers (Epinephelus tauvina) fed with herbal antibacterial active principle supplemented diets against Vibrio harveyi infections.  Aqua. Vol. 237, pp: 9-20.
  28. Martinez Álvarez, R.M.; Morales, A.E. and Sanz, A., 2005. Antioxidant defenses in fish: biotic and abiotic factors. Rev Fish Biol. Vol. 15, pp: 75-88.
  29. Nayak, S.K.; Swain P. and Mukherjee S.C., 2007. Effect of dietary supplementation of probiotic and vitamin C on the immune response of Indian major carp, Labeo rohita (Ham.). Fish and Shellfish Immunology. Vol. 23, pp: 892-896.
  30. Nayak, S.K., 2010. Probiotics and immunity: A fish perspective. Fish and ShellfishImmunol. Vol. 29, pp: 2-14.
  31. Nikoskelainen, S.; Ouwehand, A.C.; Bylund, G.; Salminen, S.  and Lilius, E., 2003. Immune enhancement in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) by potential probiotic bacteria (Lactobacillus rhamnosus). Fish and Shellfish Immunology. Vol. 15, pp: 443-452.
  32. Panigrahi, A., Kiron, V., Kobayashi, T., Puangkaew, J., Saoh, S.  and Sugita, H., 2004. Immune responses in rainbow trout   Oncorhynchus mykiss induced by a potential probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus rhamnosus JCM  1136. Veterinary immunology and immunopathology. Vol. 102, pp: 379-388.
  33. Panigrahi, A.; Kiron, V.; Puangkaew, J.; Kobayashi, T.; Satoh, S. and Sugita, H., 2005. The viability of probiotic bacteria as a factor influencing the immune response in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Aquaculture. Vol. 243, pp: 241-254.
  34. Pathiratne, A. and Rajapakshe, W., 1998. Hematological changes associated with epizootic ulcerative syndrome in the Asian Cichlid fish, Etroplus suratensis. Asian fisheries science. Vol. 11, pp: 203-211.
  35. Pettersson, A., 2005. Extracellular enzyme system utilized by the fungas (Sporotrichum pulverulentum) for breakdown of cellulase. Europian Journal of Biochemistry. Vol. 5, pp: 193- 206. 
  36. Qinghui, A.; Kangsen, M.; Chunxiao, Z.; Qingyuan, D.; Beiping, T. and Zhiguo, L., 2004. Effect of dietary vitamin C on growth immune response of Japanese seabass, (Lateolabrax japonicas). Aquaculture. Vol. 242, pp: 489-500.
  37. Raa, J.; Roestad, G.; Engstad, R.E. and Robertsen, B., 1992. The use of immunostimulants to increase resistance of aquatic organism to microbial infections. In: Shariff IM, Subasin-ghe RP, Arthur JR (eds) Diseases in Asian aquaculture. Health Fish Section, Asian Fisheries Society, Manila. pp: 39-50.
  38. Reyes Becerril, M.; Tovar-Ramírez, D.; Ascencio Valle, F.; Civera Cerecedo, R.; Gracia López, V. and Barbosa Solomieu, V., 2008. Effects of dietary live yeast Debaryomyces hansenii on the immune and antioxidant system in juvenile leopard grouper Mycteroperca rosacea exposed to stress. Aquaculture. Vol. 280, No. 1, pp: 39-44.
  39. Ricker, W.E., 1979. Growth rates and models. Fish Physiology. Vol. 8, pp: 677-743.
  40. Ridha, M.T. and Azad, I.S., 2012. Preliminary evaluation of growth performance and immune response of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus supplemented with two putative probiotic bacteria. Aquaculture Resea. Vol. 43, pp: 843-852.
  41. Ringo, E.; Dimitroglou, A.; Hoseinifar, S.H. and Davies SJ., 2014. Prebiotics in finfish: an update. In: Merrifield D, Ringø E, editors. Aquaculture nutrition: gut health, probiotics and prebiotics. Oxford, UK. Wiley Blackwell Publishing.
  42. Sakai, M., 1999. Current research status of fish immunostimulants. Aquaculture. Vol. 172, pp: 92-63.
  43. Shen, W.Y.; Fu, L.L.; Li, W.F. and Zhu, Y.R., 2010. Effect of dietary supplementation with Bacillus subtilis on the growth, performance, immune response and antioxidant activities of the shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Aquaculture Research. Vol. 41, pp: 1691-1698.
  44. Sinha, A.K.; Kumar, V.; Makkar, H.P.S.; De Boeck, G. and Becker, K., 2011. Non-starch polysaccharides and their role in fish nutrition Areview. Food Chemistry. Vol. 127, pp: 1409-1426.
  45. Siwicki, A.; Klein, P.; Mornad, M.; Wiczka, W. and Studnicka, M., 1998. Immunostimulatory effects of dimerized lysozyme (KLP - 206) on the non specific defense mechanisms and protection against furunulosis in salmoniels. Veterinary Immunol & Immunopathol. Vol. 61, pp: 369-378.
  46. Soltani, M.; Shafiei, S.; Yosefi, P.; Mosavi, S. and Mokhtari, A., 2014. Effect of Montanide™ IMS 1312 VG adjuvant on efficacy of Yersinia ruckeri vaccine in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish and Shellfish Immunology. Vol. 37, No. 1, pp: 60-65.
  47. Sturkie, P.D., 1995. Avian physiologhy. (4th ed). Springer Verlag, New York. pp: 115-270.
  48. Sveinbjornsson, B.; Olsen, R. and Paulsen, S., 1996. Immuno­cytochemical localization of lysozyme in intestinal eosinophilic granule cells (EGCs) of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. Journal of Fish Disease. Vol. 19, pp: 349-355.
  49. Swain, P.; Dash, S.; Sahoo, P.K.; Routray, P.; Sahoo, S.K.; Gupta, S.D.; Meher, P.K. and Sarangi, N., 2006. Non-specific immune parameters of brood Indian major carp Labeo rohita and their seasonal variations. Fish and Shellfish Immunology. Vol. 22, pp: 38-43.
  50. Tacon, A.G.J., 1990. Standard methods for the nutrition and feeding of farmed fish and shrimp Argent Laboratories press. pp: 4-27.
  51. Thomas, S.N.; Edwin, L. and George, V.C., 2003. Catching efficiency of gill nets and trammel nets for penaeid prawns. Fisheries Research. Vol. 60, pp: 141-150.
  52. Treves Brown, K.M., 2000. Applied fish pharmacology. Springer publication. 309 p.
  53. Thrall, M.A., 2004. Veterinary Hematology and Clinical Chemistry. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, USA.
    pp: 241:277-288, 402.
  54. Verlhac Trichet, V., 2010. Nutrition and immunity: an update. Aquaculture Research. Vol. 41, pp: 356-372.
  55. Waley, K. and North, J., 1997. Haemolytic assays for whole complement activity and individual components. In: (A.W. Dodds and R.B. Sim eds.). Complement: A Practical Approach, Vol. 1, Oxford University Press, Oxford, Great Britain. pp: 19-47.
  56. Webb, A.; Maughan, M. and Knott, M., 2007. Pest fish profiles (Trichogaster trichopterus Three spot gourami). ACTFR, James Cook University. pp: 5-10.
  57. Yano, T., 1996. The nonspecific immune system: Hu­moral defence. In: Iwama G, Nakanishi T (eds.): The Fish Immune System: Organism, Pathogen and Envi­ronment. Academic Press, San Diego. pp: 105-157.
  58. Zhou, X.; Tian, Z. and Wang, Y., 2010. Effect of treatment with probiotics as water additives on tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) growth performance and immune response. FishPhysiology and Biochemistry. Vol. 36, pp: 501-509.
Journal of Animal Environment
Volume 10, Issue 1
April 2018
Pages 193-204

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics