Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environment, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
Abstract
In this study, the effects of different levels of beet molasses on some mucosal immune factors, biochemical parameters of blood in common carp were investigated. The experiment consisted of 360 pieces of common carp with an average weight of 22 ± 2.5. The fish in 12 reservoirs were randomly distributed to 30 units per reservoir. After one week of adaptation, it was fed for a period of 8 weeks. The experiment was carried out in the form of 4 treatments and each treatment with 3 replications including: Molasses (treatment 1), diet containing 0.5% molasses (treatment 2), diet containing 1% molasses (treatment 3) and diet containing 2% molasses (treatment 4) And fish were fed daily with 3% body weight and twice daily with experimental diets. Food from the control group, the commercial food of the common carp of the corporation was no molasses. The results showed that the amount of mucus solution was significantly increased after feeding with molasses (P <0.05). The highest amount of mucus-soluble protein was in the treatment of 2% molasses. The amount of immunoglobulin in treatments and control group did not change significantly. Also, the amount of alkaline phosphatase mucus in treatments was significantly increased in treatment of 1% molasses (P <0.05). The amount of soluble protein and alkaline phosphatase activity in the blood serum of the carp were significantly increased (P <0.05). Also, the amount of blood serum glucose in the carp was increased by increasing the amount of dietary molasses. (P <0.05).
Bullis, R.A., 1993. Clinical pathology of temperate freshwater and estuarine fishes in: Fish Medicine. Stoskopf. pp: 232-239.
Cabello, F.C., 2006. Heavy use of prophylactic antibiotics in aquaculture: a growing problem for human and animal health and for the environment. Environmental Microbiology. Vol. 8, pp: 1137-1144.
Chandrasekaran, M. and Bahkali,A.H.,2013. Valorization of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) fruit processing by-products and wastes using bioprocess technology ereview. Journal of Biological Science. Vol. 20, pp: 105-120.
Diane, W.C.; Ignacio, F.F.; Erkki, V.; Norman, C.S. and Thomas, J.C., 2003. Betaine improves growth, but does not induce whole body or hepatic palmitate oxidation in swine (Susscrofa domestica). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Vol. 137, pp: 131-140.
Esteban, M.A., 2012. An overview of the immunological defenses in fish skin. ISRN Immunology. pp: 1-29.
FAO. 2002. The state of world fisheries and aquacultures. SOFIA, Rome, Italy. 150 p.
FIGIS. 2013. Fisheries Global Information System (FAO FIGIS) Web site. Fisheries Global Information System (FIGIS). FI Institutional Websites. In: FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department [online]. Rome.
Hernandez, L.H.H.; Barrera, T.C.; Mejia, J.C.; Mejia, G.C.; Del Carmen, M.; Dosta, M.; Del Lara Andrade, R. and Sotres, J.A.M., 2010. Effects of the commercial probiotic Lactobacillus casei on the growth, protein content of skin mucus and stress resistance of juveniles of the Porthole livebearer Poecilopsis gracilis (poecilidae). Aquaculture Nutrition. Vol. 16, pp: 407-411.
Hoseinifar, S.H.; Roosta, Z.; Hajimoradloo, A. and Vakili, F., 2015. The effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus as feed supplement on skin mucosal immune parameters, intestinal microbiota, stress resistance and growth performance of black swordtail (Xiphophorus helleri). Fish and Shellfish Immunology. Vol. 42, pp: 533-538.
Lowry, O.H.; Rosebrough, N.J.; Farr, A.L. and Randall, R.J., 1951. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J of Biological Chemistry. Vol. 1951, pp: 193-265.
Nayak, S.; Swain, P. and Mukherjee, S., 2007. Effect of dietary supplementation of probiotic and vitamin C on the immune response of Indian Major Carp, Labeo rohita (Ham.). Fish and Shellfish Immunology. Vol. 23, pp: 892-896.
Pohlenz, C. and Gatlin, D.M., 2014. Interrelationships between fish nutrition and health. Aquaculture. Vol. 431, pp: 111-117.
Raa, J., 1996. The use of immuno-stimulatory substances in fish and shellfish farming. Reviews in Fisheries Science. Vol. 4, No. 3, pp: 229-288.
Racicot, J.G.; Gaudet, M. and leray, C., 1975. Blood and liver enzymes in rainbow trout with emphasis on their diagnostic use: study of CCl4 toxicity and a case of Aeromonas infection. J. Fish Biol. Vol. 7, pp: 825-835.
Ringø, E.; Olsen, R.E.; Gifstad, T.Ø.; Dalmo, R.A.; Amlund, H.; Hemre, G.I. and Bakke, A.M., 2010. Prebiotics in aquaculture: a review. Aquaculture Nutrition. Vol. 16, pp: 117-136.
Ross, L.G. and Ross, B., 1999. Anasthetic and sedative techniques for aquatic animals. 2nd edn. Blackwell Science, Oxford, UK. pp: 22-57.
Ross, N.W.; Firth, K.J.; Wang, A.; Burka, J.F. and Jojnson, S.C., 2000. Changes in hydrolytic enzyme activities of Atlantic salmon skin mucus due to infection with the Salmon louse and cortisol implantation. Disease of Aquatic Organisems. Vol. 41, pp: 43-51.
Ross, N.W.; Firth, K.J.; Wang, A.; Burka, J.F. and Jojnson, S.C., 2000. Changes in hydrolytic enzyme activities of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) skin mucus due to infection with the Salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) and cortisol implantation. Disease of Aquatic Organisems. Vol. 41, pp: 43-51.
Roosta,Z.andHoseinifar,S.H.,2016. The effects of crowding stress on some epidermal mucus immune parameters, growth performance and survival rate of Tiger barb. Aquaculture Research. Vol. 47, pp: 1682-1686.
Sakai, M., 1999. Current research status of fish immunostimulants. Aquaculture. Vol. 172, pp: 63-92.
Shakoori, A.R.; Iqbal, M.J. and Mughal, A.L.,1996. Effect of sublethal doses of fenvalerate (a synthetic pyrethroid) administred continuousely for four weeks on the blood, liver and muscles of a freshwater fish (Ctenophayngodon idella). Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxical. Vol. 57, pp: 487-494.
Sheikhzadeh, N.; Karimi Pashaki, A.; Nofouzi, K.; Heidarieh, M. and Tayefi-Nasrabadi, H., 2012. Effects of dietary Ergosan on cutaneous mucosal immune response in Rainbow trout. Fish and Shellfish Immunology. Vol. 32, pp: 407-410.
Sheikhzadeh, N.; Heidarieh, M.; Karimi Pashaki, A.; Nofouzi, K.; Ahrab Farshbafi, M. and Akbari, M., 2012b. Hilyses, Fermented Saccharomyces cerevisiae, enhances the growth performance and skin non-specific immune parameters in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish and Shellfish Immunology. Vol. 32, pp: 407-410.
Shirali, S.; Erfani Majd, N.; Mesbah, M. and Reza Seifi, M., 2012. Histological studies of common Carp ovarian development during breeding season in Khouzestan Province, Iran. World Journal of Fish and Marine Sciences. Vol. 4, pp: 159-164.
Subramanian,S.;MacKinnon, Sh.L.andRoss, N.W., 2007. A comparative study on innate immune parameters in the epidermal mucus of various fish species. Comprative Biochemistry and Physiology. Vol. 148, pp: 256-263.
Beygi, M., Hajimoradloo, A., Hoseinifar, S., & Jafernoudeh, A. (2019). Effect of different levels of dietary beet molasses on some mucosal immunity parameters and serum biochemical parameters of common carp (Cyprinus carpi. Journal of Animal Environment, 11(2), 173-178.
MLA
Mostafa Beygi; Abdolmajid Hajimoradloo; Seyedhossein Hoseinifar; Ali Jafernoudeh. "Effect of different levels of dietary beet molasses on some mucosal immunity parameters and serum biochemical parameters of common carp (Cyprinus carpi". Journal of Animal Environment, 11, 2, 2019, 173-178.
HARVARD
Beygi, M., Hajimoradloo, A., Hoseinifar, S., Jafernoudeh, A. (2019). 'Effect of different levels of dietary beet molasses on some mucosal immunity parameters and serum biochemical parameters of common carp (Cyprinus carpi', Journal of Animal Environment, 11(2), pp. 173-178.
VANCOUVER
Beygi, M., Hajimoradloo, A., Hoseinifar, S., Jafernoudeh, A. Effect of different levels of dietary beet molasses on some mucosal immunity parameters and serum biochemical parameters of common carp (Cyprinus carpi. Journal of Animal Environment, 2019; 11(2): 173-178.
)
