Study of Monsoon affect to Zooplankton biodiversity in Chabahar eastern coasts (Makoran sea)

Document Type : Ecology

Authors

Marine biology department, Marine science faculty, Chabahar Maritime University, Chabahar, Iran

Abstract

Zooplanktons have a special role in the food chain and the ecological pyramid of the marine ecosystem. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Monsoon on biodiversity of zooplanktons in the eastern coasts of Chabahar. Sampling was carried out on the eastern coast of Chabahar using a 100-micron zooplankton net with a horizontal extension stretch of 30 cm at 8 stations in the Chabahar bay during four seasons from summer of 2016 to spring of 2017. According to the results, Copepoda have rise to 66.87 percent of the zooplankton population. After the Copepoda, bivalvia (7.53%) and Thaliacea (6%) have highest presence and Polychaeta, Cephalochordata, Ostracoda were found to be the lowest (in total with 2.22%) in different sampling seasons. The highest and lowest Shannon index was calculated, respectively, in autumn (3) and spring (0.99), respectively, in the autumn and winter (0.95), and in summer and spring (0.94), respectively. The highest and lowest indexes of uniformity were in autumn and spring (0.97) and summer (0.94) respectively. According to the results of this research, the structure of the zooplankton communities in this region is affected by the changes caused by the monsoon winds and the coastal upwelling flows. The cycle of production and seasonal changes of zooplanktons depends on the environment response to these changes. Ultimately, when zooplankton organisms are exposed to severe disturbance (monsoon), several species become dominant and decrease the species uniformity.

Keywords


  1. Baker, M.; Hosny, C.F.H. and Al-Suwailem, A.M., 2006. Contribution to the study of zooplankton diversity, abundance and biomass in Saudi waters, Arabian Gulf, Sultan Qaboos. Agricultural and Marine Sciences. Vol. 11, No. 1, pp: 71-88.
  2. Biktashev, V.N.; Brindley, J. and Horwood, J.W., 2003. Phytoplankton blooms and fish recruitment rate. J. Plankton Res. Vol. 25, pp: 21-33.
  3. Chihara, M. and Murano, M., 1997. An illustrated guide to marine plankton in Japan. Tokai University Press, Japan. 1574 p.
  4. Eco-Zist, Consulting Engineers. 1980. Environmental report. Atomic Energy Organization of Iran.Tehran, Iran.
  5. Fazeli, N.; Rezai Marnani, H.; Sanjani, S.; Zare, R.; Dehghan, S. and Jahani, N., 2010. Seasonal variation of Copepoda in Chabahar Bay-the Gulf of Oman. Jordan Journal of Biological Sciences. Vol. 3, No. 4, pp: 153-164.
  6. Fazeli, N.; Savari,A.; Nabavi, M.B. and Zare, R., 2013.   Seasonal variation of zooplankton bundance, composition and biomass in the Chabahar Bay, Oman Sea.  International Journal of Aquatic Biology. Vol. 1, No. 6, pp: 294-305.
  7. Hilly, C. and Glemarec, M., 1991. Polychaetes as biological indicators to measure organic environment, Ophelia. Suppl. Vol. 5, 696 P.
  8. Ingole, B.; Sivadas, S.; Nanajkar, M.; Sautya, S. and Nag, A., 2008. A Comparative Study of Macrobenthic Community from Harbors along the Central West Coast of India. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. DOI: 10.1007/s10661-008-0384-5.
  9. Ludwig, J.A. and Raynolds, J.F., 1988. Statistical ecology, a primer on methods and computing John Wiley & Sons New York. 337 p.
  10. Michel, H.B.; Behbehani, M. and Herring, D., 1986a. Zooplankton of the Western Arabian Gulf south of Kuwait waters, Kuwait Bulletin of marine Science. Vol. 8, pp: 1-36.
  11. Monchenko, V.I., 1974. Cyclopidae. Fauna Ukrainii 27, 1-452. Musale, A. and Desai, D., 2010.  Distribution and abundance of microbenthic polychaetes along the South Indian coast.  Springer Science-Business Media B.V. Vol. 17, No. 1-4, pp: 423-436.
  12. Niehoff, B., 2007. Life history strategies in zooplankton communities: The significance of female gonad morphology and maturation types for the reproductive biology of marine Calanoid copepods. Progress in Oceanography. Vol. 74, pp: 1-47.
  13. Nour El-Din, N.M. and Al-Khayat, J.A., 2001. Impact of industrial discharges on the zooplankton community in the Messaieed industrial area, Qatar (Persian Gulf). International Journal of Environmental Studies. Vol. 58, pp: 173-184.
  14. Pielou, E.C., 1966. Shannon’s formula as a measure of species diversity: its use and misuse. Am. Nat. Vol. 100, pp: 463-465.
  15. Smith, S.L. 1995. Meso zooplankton response to seasonal climate in the tropical ocean. ICES Journal of Marine Science. Vol. 52, pp: 427-438.
  16. Todd, C.D. and Laverack, M.S., 1991. Coastal marine zooplankton: a practical manual for students. Cambridge University Press. 106 p.
  17. Vazirizadeh, A. and Hosseini, A.M., 2006. Impacts of Urban Sewage Effluent on the Intertidal Molluscs Communities of the Bushehr Coast. Journal of Marine Science and Technology. Vol. 4, pp: 69-82. (in Persian)
  18. Wiggert, J.; Hood, R.; Banse, K. and Kindle, J., 2005. Monsoon-driven biogeochemical processes in the Arabian Sea. Progress in Oceanography. Vol. 65, No. 2, pp: 176-213.
  19. Wilhm, J.L. and Dorris, T.C., 1966. Species Diversity of Benthic Macroinvertebrates in a Stream Receiving Domestic and Oil Refinery Eeffluents. American Midland Naturalist. Vol. 76, pp: 427-449.
  20. Zaleha, K. and Sathiya, B.M., 2006. Zooplankton in East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Journal of Sustainability Science and Management. Vol. 2, pp: 87-96.