The effects of using acidogenic Top Chlor in close-up dry period on urine pH, blood calcium concentration and spectral peak bands of chlorine ion with protein fraction

Document Type : (original research)

Authors

1 Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran

2 Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Isfahan University of technology, Isfahan, Iran

Abstract

Adding anions from anionic salt such as calcium chloride, ammonium chloride, calcium sulfate and magnesium sulfate to the prepartum diet reduced the incidence of postpartum hypocalcemia in dairy cow but reduced feed intake. Top Chlor ™ is an acidifying coproduce which inducing mild metabolic acidosis and improving the palatability of prepartum diet. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Top Chlor ™ on urine pH, blood calcium concentration and chlorine ion binding with protein fraction of feed. Close-up cows (255 days of gestation) in a dairy farm, were randomly divided into two groups of control (non-anionic salt, n=30) and treatment (Top Chlor ™, n=30). Urine and Serum samples were collected before calving and also at the time of partition, 24 and 48 hours after calving. Molecular structural changes of Top Chlor ™ were studied by infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The data were analyzed by mixed procedures of SAS software. The urine pH of cows that consumed Top Chlor™ decreased significantly (6.56 vs. 8.15, P<0.05). Cows that fed Top Chlor ™ before calving had higher blood calcium concentrations within 24 hours of calving (8.38 vs. 7.32 mg/dl, P<0.05). Serum phosphor concentration decreased in cows receiving control diet at 24 hours before calving (4.48 vs. 5.97 mg/dl, P <0.05). Serum magnesium concentration was not significant (P˃0.05). X-ray diffraction analysis showed that organic structures and amino acids were coordinated with magnesium in 6-aqueous magnesium complexes with different states. Also, the molecular structure studies showed that during the processing of Top Chlor™, free NH2 compounds in amino acid structures bonded with chlorine ions and NH3Cl complex was formed. The results of the study showed that the Top Chlor™ has a suitable acidifying power and this improved the postpartum blood calcium concentration of dairy cow. Also, the results of FTIR showed that chlorine ion has bonded with the protein part of the feed.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  1. adford, T. and Barry, J., 2009. Effects of acidified fermentation by-products and prepartum dcad on feed intake, performance, and health of transition dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science. Vol. 19, pp: 95-105. ‏
  2. Case, R.D.R.; Zubieta, J. and Doyle, R.P., 2020. The Coordination Chemistry of Bio-Relevant Ligands and Their Magnesium Complexes. Molecules. 25, pp: 3172- 3233.
  3. Charbonneau, E.; Pellerin, D. and Oetzel, G., 2006. Impact of lowering dietary cation-anion difference in nonlactating dairy cows: A meta-analysis. Journal of Dairy Science. Vol. 89, pp: 537-548.
  4. Drackley, J.K., 1999. Biology of dairy cows during the transition period: The final frontier?. Journal of dairy science. Vol. 82, pp: 2259-227.
  5. Goff, J.P. and Horst, R.L., 1997. Physiological changes at parturition and their relationship to metabolic disorders. Journal of dairy science. Vol. 80, pp:1260-1268.
  6. Goff, J.P. and Horst, R., 19980. Use of hydrochloric acid as a source of anions for prevention of milk fever. Journal of Dairy Science.Vol. 81, pp: 2874-2880. ‏
  7. Goff, J.P., 2008. The monitoring, prevention and treatment of milk fever and subclinical hypocalcemia in dairy cows. Veterinary Journal. Vol. 176, pp: 50-57.
  8. Goff, J.P.; Liesegang, A. and Horst, R.L., 2014. Diet induced pseudohypoparathyroidism: A hypocalcemia and milk fever risk factor. Journal of Dairy Science. Vol. 97, pp: 1520-1528.‏
  9. Goff, J.P.; Ruiz, R. and Horst, R.L., 2004. Relative acidifying activity of anionic salts commonly used to prevent milk fever. Journal of Dairy Science. Vol. 875, pp: 1245-1255.‏
  10. Huang, Q.; Lu, G.; Wang, J. and Yu, J., 2011. Thermal decomposition mechanisms of MgCl26H2O and MgCl2·H2O. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis. Vol. 91, pp: 159-164
  11. Huzzey, J.M.; Veira, D.; Weary, D. and Keyserlingk, M., 2007. Prepartum Behavior and Dry Matter Intake Identify Dairy Cows at Risk for Metritis. Journal of dairy science. Vol. 90, pp: 3220-3228.
  12. Leno, B.M.; Ryan C.M..; Stokol, T. and Overton, T.R., 2017. Effects of prepartum dietary cation-anion difference on aspects of peripartum mineral and energy metabolism and performance of multiparous Holstein cows. Journal of dairy science. Vol. 100, pp:4604-4622.
  13. Littell, R.C.; Milliken, G.A.; Stroup W.W. and Wolfinger, R.D., 1996. SAS System of Mixed Models. SAS Institute, Cary, NC.
  14. Martinez, N.; Ainedino, L.; Bisinotto, R.; Ribeiro, E.; Gomes, G.; Lima, F.; Greco, L.; Risco, C.; Galvão, K. and Taylor-Rodriguez, D., 2014. Effect of induced subclinical hypocalcemia on physiological responses and neutrophil function in dairy cows. Journal of dairy science. Vol. 97, pp: 874-887.
  15. Martinez, N.; Risco, C.A.; Lima, F.S.; Bisinotto, R.S.; Greco, L.F.; Ribeiro, E.S.; Maunsell, F.; Galvão, K. and Santos, J.E.P., 2012. Evaluation of peripartal calcium status, energetic profile, and neutrophil function in dairy cows at low or high risk of developing uterine disease. Journal of dairy science. Vol. 95, pp: 7158-7172.
  16. Rajaeerad, A.; Ghorbani, G.R.; Khorvash, M.; Sadeghi Sefidmazgi, A.; Mahdavi, A.H. and Wilkens, M.R., 2021. Low potassium diets with different levels of calcium in comparison with different anionic diets fed to prepartum dairy cows: Effects on sorting behaviour, total tract digestibility, energy metabolism, oxidative status and hormonal response. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition. ‏ 105, pp: 14-25.
  17. Ramos-Nieves, J.M.; Thering, B.J.; Waldron, M.R.; Jardon, P.W. and Overton, T.R., 2009. Effects of anion supplementation to low-potassium prepartum diets on macromineral status and performance of periparturient dairy cows. Journal of dairy science. Vol. 92, pp: 5677-5691.
  18. Reinhardt, T.A.; Lippolis, A.; McCluskey, J.D.; Goff, J.J.P. and Horst, R.L., 2011. Prevalence of subclinical hypocalcemia in dairy herds. Veterinary Journal. Vol. 188, pp:122-124.
  19. Santos, J.; Lean, I.; Golder, H. and Block, E., 2019. Meta analysis of the effects of prepartum dietary cation-anion difference on performance and health of dairy cows. Journal of dairy science. Vol. 102, pp: 2134-2154.
  20. Singh, B.R., 1999. Infrared Analysis of Peptides and Proteins, ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC. pp: 1-36.
  21. Tamm, L.K. and Tatulian, S.A., 1997. Infrared spectroscopy of proteins and peptides in lipid bilayers. Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics. Vol. 30, pp: 365-429.
  22. Wilhelm, A.; Maquivar, M.; Bas, S.; Brick, T.; Weiss, W.; Bothe, H.; Velez, J. and Schuenemann, G., 2017. Effect of serum calcium status at calving on survival, health, and performance of postpartum Holstein cows and calves under certified organic management. Journal of dairy science. Vol. 100, pp: 3059-3067.
Journal of Animal Environment
Volume 13, Issue 3
October 2021
Pages 49-56

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics