عملکرد رشد و بقا در ماهی گلدفیش (Carassius auratus) تغذیه شده با سطوح مختلف پودر پوست انار (Punica granatum)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه شیلات، دانشکده شیلات و محیط زیست، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

2 گروه زیست شناسی، دانشکده علوم زیستی، واحد ورامین-پیشوا، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، پیشوا، ایران

3 گروه تغذیه و مدیریت دام، دانشکده علوم دامپزشکی،‌ دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی سوئد، اوپسالا، سوئد

10.22034/aej.2023.384249.2931

چکیده

دستیابی به توسعه پایدار آبزی‌پروری نیازمند به کارگیری تکنیک‌های نوین می‌باشد که در این راستا استراتژی‌های مختلفی مورد استفاده قرار گرفته است و استفاده از عصاره‌های گیاهی،‌ فیتوکمیکال‌ها و متابولیت های ثانویه گیاهی به دلیل ارزان بودن، در دسترس بودن، عوارض جانبی کم، داشتن ترکیبات مؤثر و متنوع افزایش یافته است. این پژوهش به منظور ارزیابی شاخص‌های رشد و بقا ماهی گلدفیش (Carassius auratus) تغذیه شده با سطوح مختلف پودر پوست انار (Punica granatum) صورت گرفـت. تعداد 300 قطعه بچه ماهی گلدفیش به ظاهر سالم که دوره زمستانی گذرانی را در محیط استخر طی کرده بودند بر اساس یک طرح کاملا تصادفی در 12 تانک به تعداد 20 قطعه گلدفیش با میانگین وزنی 1/71±17/39 گرم توزیع گردید. سپس با جیره پایه به عنوان جیره شاهد و سه جیره آزمایشی حاوی 1، 2 و 4 درصد پودر پوست انار پرورش داده شدند. وزن اولیه در هیچ‌یک از تیمارها اختلاف معنی‌داری نداشت (0/05<P)، اما بیشترین درصد افزایش وزن بدن، نرخ رشد ویژه، میزان وزن نهایی و افزایش وزن بدن در تیمار 4 درصد مشاهده شد که با سایر تیمارها اختلاف معنی‌دار نشان داد (0/05>P)؛ ضریب تبدیل غذایی در تیمارها نسبت به گروه شاهد کاهش یافت و تیمار چهارم به صورت چشمگیری با شاهد اختلاف نشان داد (0/05>P)؛ هم چنین افزایش و حفظ 100 درصدی بقا در ماهیان مشاهده شد و درهیچ کدام از تیماره میزان بقا اختلاف معنی داری نداشت (0/05<P). تحقیقات نشان داده اند که استفاده از مکمل‌های گیاهی هم چون پودر پوست انار با خاصیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی،‌ با افزایش ترشح آنزیم‌های گوارشی منجر به بهبود عملکرد رشد و افزایش جذب مواد غذایی می‌شوند. براساس یافته‌های مطالعه حاضر، میزان 4 درصد پودر پوست انار در جیره ماهی گلدفیش برای بهبود عملکرد رشد و بقا توصیه می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Growth performance and survival in goldfish (Carassius auratus) fed with different levels of pomegranate peel powder (Punica granatum)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Delara sepehrfar 1
  • Mohammad Sudagar 1
  • Hamed Paknejad 1
  • Siamak Yousefi Siahkalroudi 2
  • Parisa Norouzitallab 3
1 Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environment, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
2 Department of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Pishva, Iran
3 Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
چکیده [English]

Achieving the sustainable development of aquaculture requires the use of new techniques, in which different strategies have been used, and the use of plant extracts, phytochemicals, and plant secondary metabolites due to their cheapness, availability, few side effects, and effective compounds and diverse has increased. This study was conducted to evaluate the growth and survival indicators of goldfish (Carassius auratus) fed with different levels of pomegranate peel powder (Punica granatum). 300 pieces of goldfish (Carassius auratus), apparently healthy, had passed the winter period in the pool environment, based on a completely random design, 20 pieces of goldfish with an average weight of 17.39±1.71 grams were distributed in 12 tanks. Then, they were reared with the basic diet as a control diet and three experimental diets containing 1, 2, and 4% of pomegranate peel powder. The initial weight was not significantly different in any of the treatments (P<0.05), but the highest percentage of body weight increase, specific growth rate, final weight, and body weight increase observed in the 4% treatment, which showed a significant difference with the other treatments. P>0.05); The food conversion ratio decreased in the treatments compared to the control group, and the fourth treatment showed a significant difference from the control (P<0.05); Also, an increase and maintenance of 100% survival were observed in fish (P<0.05). According to the results of the use of herbal supplements such as pomegranate peel powder with antioxidant properties, by increasing the secretion of digestive enzymes, they lead to improved growth performance and increased nutrient absorption, and according to the findings, the amount of 4% pomegranate peel powder in the goldfish diet to improve growth performance and survival is recommended.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Herbal supplement
  • Punica granatum peel powder
  • Growth
  • Survival
  • Carassius auratus

مراجع

  1. Abdel-Tawwab, M., Ahmad, M.H., Seden, M.E.A. and Saker, S.F.M., 2010. Use of green tea, Camellia sinensis, in practical diet for growth and protection of Nile tilapia, (Oreochromis niloticus L.), against Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society. 41: 203-213. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749. 7345.2010.00360.x.
  2. Afifah, D., Arief, M. and Al-Arif, M.A., 2021. The effect of garlic (Allium sativum) and turmeric (Curcuma longa) extract addition in commercial feed on feeding rate, feed efficiency and feed conversion ratio of gouramy fish (Osphronemus gouramy). In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 679(1): 012073. IOP Publishing.‏ http://doi.1088/1755-1315/679/1/012073.
  3. Alishahi, M., Mesbah, M. and Shirali, T., 2017. Comparison of the effect of oral and injection of Echinacea purpurea extract on some hematological and immune parameters of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), Journal of Veterinary Research. 72(2): 251-259. (In Persian)
  4. Alkhatib, M., Fayad, C., Badran, A., Hamade, K., Daou, A., Baydoun, E. and Hijazi, A., 2022. Preventive and Therapeutic Effects of Punica granatum (Pomegranate) in Respiratory and Digestive Diseases: A Review. Applied Sciences, 12(23): 12326.‏ https://doi.org/ 10.3390/app122312326.
  5. Amiri, A., Daneshyar, M. and BehrouzLak, M.A., 2021. Effect of different levels of peppermint and rosemary herbal powder mixture on performance, carcass characteristics and some blood parameters of Japanese quails challenged with dexamethasone. Journal of Animal Environment, 13(2): 169-178. (In Persian) http://doi.org/ 10.22034/AEJ.2021.136663
  6. Avazeh, A., Adel, M., Shekarabi, S.P.H., Emamadi, H., Dawood, M.A., Omidi, A.H. and Bavarsad, M., 2021. Effects of dietary pomegranate peel meal on the growth performance, blood indices, and innate immune response of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Annals of Animal Science. 21(1): 233-244.‏ https://doi.org/10.2478/ aoas-2020-0064.
  7. Awad, E. and Awaad, A., 2017. Role of medicinal plants on growth performance and immune status in fish. Fish & shellfish immunology. 67: 40-54.‏ https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.fsi.2017.05.034.
  8. Babu, K.D., Sharma, J., Maity, A., Singh, N.V., Patil, P.G., Shilpa, P. and Marathe, R.A., 2021. Pomegranate: An ancient fruit for health and nutrition. Progressive Horticulture. 53(1): 3-13.‏
  9. Chakraborty, S.B., Horn, P. and Hancz, C., 2014. Application of phytochemicals as growth‐promoters and endocrine modulators in fish Reviews in Aquaculture. 6(1): 1-19.‏ https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.12021.
  10. Cho, S.H., Lee, S.M., Park, B.H., Ji, S.C., Lee, J. and Bae, J., 2007. Effect of dietary inclusion ofvarious sources of green tea on growth, body composition and blood chemistry of the juvenile olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. Fish Physiology & Biochemistry. 49: 33-35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-006-9116-3.
  11. de Souza Silva, L.T., de Pádua Pereira, U., de Oliveira, H.M., Brasil, E.M., Pereira, S.A., Chagas, E.C. and Martins, M.L., 2019. Hemato-immunological and zootechnical parameters of Nile tilapia fed essential oil of Mentha piperita after challenge with Streptococcus agalactiae. Aquaculture. 506: 205-211.‏ https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.aquaculture.2019.03.035.
  12. Eghbali, S., Askari, S.F., Avan, R. and Sahebkar, A., 2021. Therapeutic effects of Punica granatum (pomegranate): an updated review of clinical trials. Journal of Nutrition & Metabolism.  https://doi.org/ 10.1155/2021/5297162.
  13. Fagnon, M.S., Thorin, C. and Calvez, S., 2020. Meta‐analysis of dietary supplementation effect of turmeric and curcumin on growth performance in fish.Reviews in  12(4): 2268-2283.‏ https://doi. org/10.1111/raq.12433.
  14. Ghorbani, E., Dabbagh Moghaddam, A., Sharifan, A. and Kiani, H., 2021. Emergency food product packaging by pectin-based antimicrobial coatings functionalized by pomegranate peel extracts. Journal of Food Quality.‏ https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6631021.
  15. Gupta, S.K., Gupta, A., Sarkar, B., Gupta, R., Kumar, M., Kumari, A. and Foysal, M.J., 2023. Pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel extract supplementation in diet influences growth performance, haemato-immunological responses & cytokine expression in pathogen aggravated Labeo rohitaAquaculture. 562: 738823.‏ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2022.738823.
  16. Heydariye, M. and Sheikhzadeh, N., 2019. The effect of catechin polyphenol composition in green tea on growth performance, some blood and mucus indices of common carp (Carassius carassius). Fisheries, Journal of Natural Resources of Iran. 72(3): 259-269. (In persian)
  17. Hoseinifar, S.H., Zoheiri, F. and Lazado, C.C., 2016. Dietary phytoimmunostimulant Persian hogweed (Heracleum persicum) has more remarkable impacts on skin mucus than on serum in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Fish & shellfish immunology. 59: 77-82.‏ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2016.10.025.
  18. Hwang, J.H., Lee, S.W., Rha, S.J., Yoon, H.S, Park, E.S., Han, K.H. and Kim, S.J., 2013. Dietary green tea extract improves growth performance, body composition, and stress recovery in the juvenile black rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli. Aquaculture International. 21: 525-538. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-012-9586-5.
  19. Jalal, H., Pal, M.A., Ahmad, S.R., Rather, M., Andrabi, M. and Hamdani, S., 2018. Physico-chemical and functional properties of pomegranate peel and seed powder. J. Pharm. Innov. 7: 1127-1131.‏
  20. Mansour, A.T., Omar, E.A., Srour, T.M. and Yousef, M.I., 2018. Effect of three natural phytochemicals supplementation on growth performance, testosterone level and feed utilization of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Aquaculture Nutrition. 24(1): 408-415.‏ https:// doi/abs/10.1111/anu.12572.
  21. Monir, W., Abdel-Rahman, M.A., Hassan, S. E. D. and Awad, S. M., 2020. Pomegranate peel and moringa-based diets enhanced biochemical and immune parameters of Nile tilapia against bacterial infection by Aeromonas hydrophila. Microbial pathogenesis. 145: 104202.‏ https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104202.
  22. Moradi, S., Falahatkar, B., Sattari, M. and Alishahi, M., 2018. The effect of different levels of hydroalcoholic extract of mistletoe (Viscum album) on the growth and hematological indicators of Siberian carp (Acipenser baerii). Aquaculture Science Journal. 6(2): 1-12. (In Persian)
  23. Mousavi, E., Mohammadiazarm, H., Mousavi, S.M. and Ghatrami, E.R., 2016. Effects of inulin, savory and onion powders in diet of juveniles carp Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus 1758) on gut micro flora, immune response and blood biochemical parameters. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 16(4): 831-838.
  24. Naqavi, M. and Seidalangi, Z., 2017. The effect of adding red pomegranate peel powder and cardamom on sensory and rheological properties of oil cake, Iranian Journal of Nutritional Sciences and Food Industries. 12(4): 83-94. (In persian)
  25. Nathanailides, C., Kolygas, M., Choremi, K., Mavraganis, T., Gouva, E., Vidalis, K. and Athanassopoulou, F., 2021. Probiotics Have the Potential to Significantly Mitigate the Environmental Impact of Freshwater Fish Farms. Fishes. 6(4): 76.‏ https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes6040076.
  26. Naylor, R.L., Hardy, R.W., Buschmann, A.H., Bush, S.R., Cao, L., Klinger, D.H. and Troell, M., 2021. A 20 year retrospective review of global aquaculture. Nature. 591(7851): 551-563. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586.021. 03736.4.
  27. Nootash, S., Sheikhzadeh, N., Baradaran, B., Khani Oushani, A., Maleki Moghadam, M.R. and Nofouzi, K., 2013. Green tea (Camellia sinensis) administration induces expression of immune relevant genes and biochemical parameters in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish and Shellfish Immunology. 35: 1916-1923. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2013.09.030.
  28. Oluwafemi, R.A., Olawale, I. and Alagbe, J.O., 2020. Recent trends in the utilization of medicinal plants as growth promoters in poultry nutrition-A review. Research in: Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences. 4(1): 5-11.
  29. Rahman, A.N.A., Van Doan, H., Elsheshtawy, H.M., Dawood, A., Salem, S.M., Sheraiba, N.I. and Mahboub, H.H., 2022. Dietary Salvia officinalis leaves enhances antioxidant-immune-capacity, resistance to Aeromonas sobria challenge, and growth of Cyprinus carpio. Fish & Shellfish Immunology. 127: 340-348.‏ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2022.06.030.
  30. Rawski, M., Mazurkiewicz, J., Kierończyk, B. and Józefiak, D., 2020. Black soldier fly full-fat larvae meal as an alternative to fish meal and fish oil in Siberian sturgeon nutrition: The effects on physical properties of the feed, animal growth performance, and feed acceptance and utilization. Animals. 10(11): 2119.‏ https://doi.org/10. 3390/ani10112119.
  31. Rokhnare, Z., Ahmadniaye Motlaqh, H., Safari, A. and Selahvarzi, Y., 2018. Changes in the population of bacteria and yeasts in the intestine of crucian carp (Carassius auratus) in response to diets containing pomegranate peel extract (Punica granatum). The 7th National Fisheries Conference of Iran. November 8-9. University of Lorestan. 58-48. (In persian)
  32. Rosenblat, M. and Aviram, M., 2006. Antioxidative properties of pomegranate: in vitro studies. In Pomegranates, CRC Press,‏ ISBN 9780429125539. 49-62.
  33. Safari, R., Hoseinifar, S.H., Van Doan, H. and Dadar, M., 2017. The effects of dietary Myrtle (Myrtus communis) on skin mucus immune parameters and mRNA levels of growth, antioxidant and immune related genes in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Fish & shellfish immunology. 66: 264-269.‏ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi. 2017.05.007.
  34. Sepehrfar, D., Hoseinifar, S.H. and Jafarnodeh, A., 2021. The effects of singular or combined administration of Pediococcus acidilactici and Raffinos on blood and non-specific immune parameters of goldfish (Carassius auratus). Journal of Animal Environment. 13(3):
    269-276. (In Persian) https://doi.org/10.22034/AEJ.2020. 254009.2383
  35. Syed, R., Masood, Z., Hassan, H. U., Khan, W., Mushtaq, S., Ali, A. and Ullah, A., 2022. Growth performance, haematological assessment and chemical composition of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) fed different levels of Aloe vera extract as feed additives in a closed aquaculture system. Saudi journal of biological sciences. 29(1): 296-303.‏ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.08.098.
  36. Toutou, M.M., Osman, A.L.G.M., Farrag, M.M.S., Badrey, A.E.A. and Moustafa, M.A., 2019. Growth performance, feed utilization and gut histology of monosex Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed with varying levels of pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel residues. AACL Bioflux. 12(1): 298-309.‏
  37. Yatoo, M., Gopalakrishnan, A., Saxena, A., Parray, O.R., Tufani, N.A., Chakraborty, S. and Iqbal, H., 2018. Anti-inflammatory drugs and herbs with special emphasis on herbal medicines for countering inflammatory diseases and disorders-a review. Recent patents on inflammation & allergy drug discovery. 12(1): 39-58.‏ https://doi.org/10.2174/1872213X1266618011515 3635.
  38. Younes, A.M., Gaafar, A.Y., Abu‐Bryka, A.E.D.Z., Awad, E.S., Abo‐Aziza, F., Abd El‐Aziz, T.H. and Abbas, W.T., 2021. Effects of Onion (Allium cepa) in diets of Oreochromis niloticus: Growth improvement, antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory and disease resistance perspectives. Aquaculture Research. 52(5): 2324-2334.‏ https://doi.org/10.1111/are.15084.
  39. Yousefi, M., Hoseini, S.M., Kulikov, E.V., Babichev, N.V., Bolshakova, M.V., Shopinskaya, M.I. and Zharov, A.N., 2023. Effects of dietary pomegranate peel supplementation on growth performance and biochemical responses of common carp, Cyprinus carpio, to chronic crowding stress. Aquaculture Reports. 30: 101532.‏ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqrep.2023.101532.
  40. Zargar, A., Rahimi‐Afzal, Z., Soltani, E., Taheri Mirghaed, A., Ebrahimzadeh‐Mousavi, H.A., Soltani, M. and Yuosefi, P., 2019. Growth performance, immune response and disease resistance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed Thymus vulgaris essential oils. Aquaculture Research. 50(11): 3097-3106.‏ https://doi.org/10.1111/are.14243.
فصلنامه محیط زیست جانوری
دوره 15، شماره 3
آبان 1402
صفحه 151-156

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار