بررسی افزودن آفلاتوکسین B1 و اسانس ترکیبی پوسته بادام هندی و دانه کرچک بر تخمیر شکمبه ای جیره غذایی دام در شرایط آزمایشگاهی

نوع مقاله : تغذیه

نویسندگان

گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تبریز، اهر، ایران

چکیده

هدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثر آفلاتوکسین B1 بر تخمیر شکمبه­ ای جیره ­غذایی و امکان کاهش اثرات سوء آفلاتوکسین B1 بر تخمیر شکمبه ­ای در حضور افزودنی اسانس ترکیبی پوسته بادام ­هندی و دانه کرچک­ در شرایط آزمایشگاهی بود. این مطالعه شامل دو آزمایش بود. در آزمایش اول تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل جیره­ غذایی پایه همراه با سطوح مختلف آفلاتوکسین B1 به­ میزان 0، 0/5، 1 و 1/5  میکروگرم در میلی ­لیتر بودند. تیمارهای آزمایشی در آزمایش دوم شامل جیره غذایی آلوده با آفلاتوکسین B1 1( میکروگرم در میلی ­لیتر) به ­همراه سطوح مختلف اسانس گیاهی به ­ترتیب به ­میزان 0، 0/01، 0/1 و 0/2  میلی ­گرم در کیلوگرم جیره­ غذایی بودند. میزان گاز تولیدی در 2،4،6،8 ،12 ،24 ،36، 48، 72، 96 و 120 ساعت بعد از عمل انکوباسیون انجام ثبت­ شد. داده ­های به ­دست ­آمده در یک طرح آماری کاملاً تصادفی با 3 تکرار آنالیز گردید. نتایج نشان داد میزان گاز تولیدی بخش ­نامحلول و نرخ ثابت تولید گاز درگروه آفلاتوکسین با سطح 0/2 در مقایسه با گروه شاهد کم ­تر ­بود. بیش ­ترین گاز­تولیدی مربوط به تیمار شاهد و کم ­ترین گاز تولیدی مربوط به تیمار دریافت­ کننده بالاترین سطح آفلاتوکسین بود (0/05>P). افزودن آفلاتوکسین سبب کاهش فراسنجه ­های تخمینی شامل انرژی ­متابولیسم، انرژی­ خالص و قابلیت هضم ماده ­آلی در ماده­ خشک شد (0/05>P). اسانس دانه کرچک و بادام با افزایش تولید ­گاز و فراسنجه ­های تخمینی سبب کاهش نسبی اثرات منفی آفلاتوکسین بر تخمیر شکمبه در شرایط آزمایشگاهی شد. می توان نتیجه­ گرفت آفلاتوکسین سبب کاهش قابلیت هضم و تخمیر شکمبه ­ای شد و افزودن اسانس سبب بهبود تخمیر شکمبه­ ای جیره ­غذایی آلوده به آفلاتوکسین در شرایط برون تنی شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of aflatoxin B1 and essential oil of cashew nut shell and castor addition on in vitro ruminal fermentation of animal diets

نویسندگان [English]

  • zabihollah nemati
  • Maghsoud Besharati
  • Amir Karimi
Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Tabriz University, Ahar, Iran
چکیده [English]

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of aflatoxin B1 addition and ability of commercial essential oil to reduce inhibitory effect of aflatoxin B1 on in vitro ruminel fermentation of dairy cattle diet. This study was including two experiments. In the first experiment, groups included: control (non-additive basal diet), AF1: aflatoxin B1 0.5 mg/ml., AF2: aflatoxin B1 1 mg/ml., AF3: aflatoxin B1 1.5 mg/ml. The second experimental groups were Aflatoxin B1 contaminated diet (1 mg/ml) with different level of essential Oil respectively 0.01, 0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg. Gas volume of each bottles were recorded at 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours of incubation. The data were analyzed in a completely randomized design with three replications. Results showed gas produced by insoluble fractions and the constant rate of gas production were loser in AF3 compared the control group. The highest gas volume was related to control group and the lowest gas production was related to AF3 treatment. Aflatoxin addition decreased estimated parameters include ME, NEL and DOMD. The cashew nut shell and castor essential oil with produce more gas production and ruminal estimative parameters reduced detrimental effect of aflatoxin B1 on ruminal fermentation. According to the results it concludes that, in vitro ruminal fermentation reduced by aflatoxin and addition of herbal essential oil was improved rumen fermentation of animal diet contaminated with aflatoxin B1.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Aflatoxin
  • Cashew nut
  • Castor
  • Essential oil and gas production

مراجع

  1. اسدزاده­ هروی، س؛ طهماسبی، ع.؛ ناصریان؛ ع. و ولی‌ زاده، ر.، 1393. اثر جاذب­ه ای آلی و معدنی آفلاتوکسین B1 بر قابلیت هضم و متغیرهای تخمیری شکمبه در شرایط برون ­تنی. نشریه پژوهش­ های علوم دامی ایران. جلد 9، شماره 4، صفحات 413 تا 423.
  2. قربانی، ه. و وکیلی، س.ع.، ۱۳۹۳. اثر مقادیر مختلف اسانس گیاهان نعناع و رازیانه بر ترکیب شیمیایی و فراسنجه­ های تولید گاز سیلاژ ذرت در شرایط برون تنی. ششمین  کنگره علوم دامی ایران.  دانشگاه تبریز.
  3. مقصودلو، ف.، 1394. تاثیر تلقیح باکتریایی و اسانس­ های رزماری، رازیانه و زنیان به‌ عنوان افزودنی بر ترکیب شیمیایی، فراسنجه‌ های تولید گاز و قابلیت هضم سیلاژ ذرت در شرایط برون تنی. پایان ­نامه دکتری، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گروه علوم دامی دانشگاه گنبدکاووس.
  4. نعمتی، ذ.ا.؛ جانمحمدی، ح.؛ تقی ­زاده، ا.؛ ملکی ­نژاد، ح. و مقدم، غ.، 1394. تاثیر جاذب طبیعی بنتونیت در کاهش اثرات منفی آفلاتوکسین B1 برعملکرد و سیستم ایمنی در جوجه ­های گوشتی. تحقیقات تولیدات دامی. سال 4، شماره 3، صفحات 67 تا 77.
  5. Adebo, O.; Njobeh, P.; Gbashi, S.; Nwinyi, O. and Mavumengwana, V., 2017. Review on microbial degradation of aflatoxins. Critical reviews in food science, Vol. 57, pp: 3208-3217.
  6. AminiPour, H.; Naserian, A.A.; Vakili, A.R. and Tahmasbi, A.M., 2017. Effect of Essential Plant Oil Used as an Additive to Alter Silage Fermentation in Ruminant by In Vitro. Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia, Vol. 14, pp: 145-152.
  7. Azzoune, N.; Mokrane, S.; Riba, A.; Bouras, N.; Verheecke, C.; Sabaou, N. and Mathieu, F., 2016. Quality Assurance Safety of Crops Foods: Contamination of common spices by aflatoxigenic fungi and aflatoxin B1 in Algeria. International journal of food microbiology. Vol. 8, pp: 137-144.
  8. Burt, S., 2004. Essential oils: their antibacterial properties and potential applications in foods, a review. International journal of food microbiology. Vol. 94, pp: 223-253.
  9. Busquet, M.; Calsamiglia, S.; Ferret, A. and Kamel, C., 2005. Screening for the effects of natural plant extracts and secondary plant metabolites on rumen microbial fermentation in continuous culture. Animal Feed Science and Technology. Vol. 123, pp: 597-613.
  10. Castillejos, L.; Calsamiglia, S. and Ferret, A., 2006. Effect of essential oil active compounds on rumen microbial fermentation and nutrient flow in in vitro systems. Journal of Dairy Science. Vol. 89, pp: 2649-2658.
  11. Chaves, A.V.; Baah, J.; Wang, Y.; McAllister, T.A. and Benchaar, C., 2012. Effects of cinnamon leaf, oregano and sweet orange essential oils on fermentation and aerobic stability of barley silage. Journal of the Science of Food Agriculture. Vol. 92, pp: 906-915.
  12. Cook, W.; Richard, J.; Osweiler, G. and Trampel, D., 1986. Clinical and pathologic changes in acute bovine aflatoxicosis: Rumen motility and tissue and fluid concentrations of anatoxins Bj and Mj. American journal of veterinary research. Vol. 47, 1817 p.
  13. Curtis, J.L., 1996. Effect of variety on the forage yield, ensiling characteristics, and nutritive value of alfalfa, and effects of cutting, stage of maturity, and silage additives on the preservation and nutritive value of alfalfa silage, Kansas State University.
  14. Danesh Mesgaran, M.; Mojtahedi, M.; Vakili, S.A. and Hayati-Ashtiani, M., 2013. Effect of aflatoxin B1 on in vitro rumen microbial fermentation responses using batch culture. Annual Review Research in Biology. Vol. 3.
  15. Deans, S. and Svoboda, K.P., 1990. The antimicrobial properties of marjoram (Origanum majorana L.) volatile oil. Flavour Fragrance Journal. Vol. 5, pp: 187-190.
  16. Di Pasqua, R.; Betts, G.; Hoskins, N.; Edwards, M.; Ercolini, D. and Mauriello, G., 2007. Membrane toxicity of antimicrobial compounds from essential oils. Journal of agricultural food chemistry. Vol. 55, pp: 4863-4870.
  17. Dvorska, J.E.; Pappas, A.C.; Karadas, F.; Speake, B.K. and Surai, P.F., 2007. Protective effect of modified glucomannans and organic selenium against antioxidant depletion in the chicken liver due to T-2 toxin-contaminated feed consumption. Comparative Biochemistry Physiology Part C: Toxicology Pharmacology. Vol. 145, pp: 582-587.
  18. Fedorah, P.M. and Hrudey, S.E., 1983. A simple apparatus for measuring gas production by methanogenic cultures in serum bottles. Environmental Technology. Vol. 4, pp: 425-432.
  19. Fehr, P. and Delage, J., 1970. Effet de l'aflatoxine sur les fermentations dans le rumen. Acad science compt rend ser D.
  20. Fink-Gremmels, J., 2008. Mycotoxins in cattle feeds and carry-over to dairy milk: a review. Food Additives Contaminants. Vol. 25, pp: 172-180.
  21. Fraser, G.R.; Chaves, A.; Wang, Y.; McAllister, T.; Beauchemin, K. and Benchaar, C., 2007. Assessment of the Effects of Cinnamon Leaf Oil on Rumen Microbial Fermentation Using Two Continuous Culture Systems1. Journal of Dairy Science. Vol. 90, pp: 2315-2328.
  22. Helferich, W.; Garrett, W.; Hsieh, D. and Baldwin, R., 1986. Feedlot performance and tissue residues of cattle consuming diets containing aflatoxins. Journal of animal science. Vol. 62 ,pp: 691-696.
  23. Hodjatpanah Montazeri, A.; Danesh Mesgaran, M.; Vakili, S.A. and Tahmasbi, A.M., 2016. Effect of essential oils of various plants as microbial modifier to alter corn silage fermentation and in vitro methane production. Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science. Vol. 6, pp: 67-78.
  24. Iram, W.; Anjum, T.; Iqbal, M.; Ghaffar, A. and Abbas, M., 2015. Mass spectrometric identification and toxicity assessment of degraded products of aflatoxin B1 and B2 by Corymbia citriodora aqueous extracts. Scientific reports. Vol. 5, 14672 p.
  25. Iram, W.; Anjum, T.; Iqbal, M.; Ghaffar, A. and Abbas, M., 2016. Structural elucidation and toxicity assessment of degraded products of aflatoxin B1 and B2 by aqueous extracts of Trachyspermum ammi. Frontiers in microbiology. Vol. 7,  346 p.
  26. Jiang, Y.H.; Wang, P.; Yang, H.J. and Chen, Y., 2014. The efficacy of bamboo charcoal in comparison with smectite to reduce the detrimental effect of aflatoxin B1 on in vitro rumen fermentation of a hay-rich feed mixture. Toxins. Vol. 6, pp: 2008-2023.
  27. Jiang, Y.; Yang, H. and Lund, P., 2012. Effect of aflatoxin B1 on in vitro ruminal fermentation of rations high in alfalfa hay or ryegrass hay. Animal feed science technology. Vol. 175, pp: 85-89.
  28. Kamatou, G.; Makunga, N.; Ramogola, W. and Viljoen, A., 2008. South African Salvia species: a review of biological activities & phytochemistry. Journal of ethnopharmacology. Vol. 119, pp: 664-672.
  29. Karlovsky, P., 1999. Biological detoxification of fungal toxins and its use in plant breeding, feed and food production. Natural toxins. Vol. 7, pp: 1-23.
  30. Kiessling, K.H.; Pettersson, H.; Sandholm, K. and Olsen, M., 1984. Metabolism of aflatoxin, ochratoxin, zearalenone, and three trichothecenes by intact rumen fluid, rumen protozoa, and rumen bacteria. Applied environmental microbiology. Vol. 47, pp: 1070-1073.
  31. Kubo, I.; Nihei, K.I. and Tsujimoto, K., 2003. Antibacterial action of anacardic acids against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Journal of agricultural food chemistry. Vol. 51, pp: 7624-7628.
  32. Lindemann, M.; Blodgett, D.; Kornegay, E. and Schurig, G., 1993. Potential ameliorators of aflatoxicosis in weanling/growing swine. Journal of animal science. Vol. 71, pp: 171-178.
  33. López, C.; Lima, K.; Manno, M.C.; Tavares, F.; Fernandes Neto, D.; Jesus, M. and Viana, M., 2012. Effects of cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) on the performance of broiler chickens. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia. Vol. 64, pp: 1027-1035.
  34. López, P.; Sánchez, C.; Batlle, R. and Nerín, C., 2007. Development of flexible antimicrobial films using essential oils as active agents. Journal of agricultural food chemistry. Vol. 55, pp: 8814-8824.
  35. Luo, X.; Wang, R.; Wang, L.; Wang, Y. and Chen, Z., 2013. Structure elucidation and toxicity analyses of the degradation products of aflatoxin B1 by aqueous ozone. Food Control. Vol. 31, ,pp: 331-336.
  36. Masood, M.; Iqbal, S.Z.; Asi, M.R. and Malik, N., 2015. Natural occurrence of aflatoxins in dry fruits and edible nuts. Food Control. Vol. 55, pp: 62-65.
  37. McDougall, E., 1948. Studies on ruminant saliva. 1. The composition and output of sheep's saliva. Biochemical journal. Vol. 43, pp: 99-108.
  38. Menke, K.H.; 1988. Estimation of the energetic feed value obtained from chemical analysis and in vitro gas production using rumen fluid. Vol. 28, pp: 7-55.
  39. Moschini, M.; Gallo, A.; Piva, G. and Masoero, F., 2008. The effects of rumen fluid on the in vitro aflatoxin binding capacity of different sequestering agents and in vivo release of the sequestered toxin. Animal feed science technology. Vol. 147, pp: 292-309.
  40. Nemati, Z.; Karimi, A. and Besharati, M., 2015. Impact of Aflatoxin Contaminated Feed and Yeast Cell Wall Supplementation on Immune System in Broiler Chickens. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Innovations in Chemical & Agricultural Engineering. pp: 8-9.
  41. Ørskov, E. and McDonald, I., 1979. The estimation of protein degradability in the rumen from incubation measurements weighted according to rate of passage. The Journal of Agricultural Science. Vol. 92, pp: 499-503.
  42. Orwa, C.; Mutua, A.; Kindt, R.; Jamnadass, R. and Simons, A., 2009. Agroforestree database: a tree species reference and selection guide version 4.0. World Agroforestry Centre ICRAF, Nairobi, KE.
  43. Paparella, A.; Taccogna, L.; Aguzzi, I.; Chaves-Lopez, C.; Serio, A.; Marsilio, F. and Suzzi, G., 2008. Flow cytometric assessment of the antimicrobial activity of essential oils against Listeria monocytogenes. Food Control. Vol. 19, pp: 1174-1182.
  44. Samarajeewa, U.; Sen, A.; Cohen, M. and Wei, C., 1990. Detoxification of aflatoxins in foods and feeds by physical and chemical methods. Journal of food protection. Vol. 53, pp: 489-501.
  45. Samuel, M.S.; Sivaramakrishna, A. and Mehta, A., 2014. Degradation and detoxification of aflatoxin B1 by Pseudomonas putida. International Biodeterioration Biodegradation. Vol. 86, pp: 202-209.
  46. SAS. 2004. Statistical Analysis System/STAT user guide, Version 9.1. 2. SAS Institute Inc Cary, NC.
  47. Schollenberger, M.; Müller, H.M.; Rüfle, M.; Suchy, S.; Plank, S. and Drochner, W., 2006. Natural occurrence of 16 Fusarium toxins in grains and feedstuffs of plant origin from Germany. Mycopathologia. Vol. 161, pp: 43-52.
  48. Upadhaya, S.D.; Park, M. and Ha, J.K., 2010. Mycotoxins and their biotransformation in the rumen: a review. Asian Australasian J of Animal Sciences. Vol. 23, pp: 1250-1260.
  49. Upadhaya, S.D.; Sung, H.G.; Lee, C.H.; Lee, S.Y.; Kim, S.W.; Cho, K.J. and Ha, J.K., 2009. Comparative study on the aflatoxin B1 degradation ability of rumen fluid from Holstein steers and Korean native goats. Journal of veterinary science. Vol. 10, pp: 29-34.
  50. Verheecke, C.; Liboz, T. and Mathieu, F., 2016. Microbial degradation of aflatoxin B1: current status and future advances. International j of food microb. Vol.  237, pp: 1-9.
  51. Wang, F.; Xie, F.; Xue, X.; Wang, Z.; Fan, B. and Ha, Y., 2011. Structure elucidation and toxicity analyses of the radiolytic products of aflatoxin B1 in methanol, water solution. J of hazardous materials. Vol. 192, pp: 1192-1202.
  52. Westlake, K.; Mackie, R. and Dutton, M., 1989. In vitro metabolism of mycotoxins by bacterial, protozoal and ovine ruminal fluid preparations. Animal Feed Science  Technology. Vol. 25, pp: 169-178.
  53. Yang, W.; Benchaar, C.; Ametaj, B.; Chaves, A.; He, M. and McAllister, T., 2007. Effects of Garlic and Juniper Berry Essential Oils on Ruminal Fermentation and on the Site and Extent of Digestion in Lactating Cows1. Journal of dairy science. Vol. 90, pp: 5671-5681.
فصلنامه محیط زیست جانوری
دوره 12، شماره 1
فروردین 1399
صفحه 65-72

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار