ارزیابی اثر تغییر اقلیم بر ریسک تهاجم زیستی کهور آمریکایی در اکوسیستم های طبیعی ایران

نوع مقاله : بوم شناسی

نویسندگان

1 گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

2 گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، واحد اراک، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اراک، ایران

چکیده

کهور آمریکایی (Prosopis juliflora) یکی از مسئله ­دارترین گونه­ های مهاجم در سطح دنیا بوده و تهاجم زیستی این گونه آثار زیان­ بار متعددی بر اکوسیستم ­های طبیعی مناطق نیمه­ حاره­ ای تا خشک کره زمین وارد آورده است. این گونه در ابتدا در بسیاری از مناطق کره زمین با هدف مهندسی اکوسیستم از جمله حفاظت آب و خاک و مبارزه با بیابان­ زایی در مناطق گرم و خشک، و تولید چوب معرفی گردید. اما قابلیت تکثیر و انتشار بالا و نیز دامنه تحمل محیطی زیاد کهور آمریکایی منجر گسترش بیش از حد گونه، کاهش تنوع زیستی بومی و تغییر ساختار جوامع گیاهی در مناطق هدف بوده است. از آن­ جا که ریشه­ کن ­سازی گونه ­های مهاجم امری پرهزینه و زمان ­بر است، شناسایی مناطقی که در آینده پتانسیل بالایی برای حضور این گونه خصوصاً در اثر تغییر اقلیم دارند ابزاری پیشگیرانه جهت طرح ­ریزی و مدیریت اکوسیستم ­های هدف است. بدین منظور در پژوهش حاضر با استفاده از مدل­ سازی پراکنش بیشینه بی­نظمی (MaxEnt) و براساس مدل ­ها و سناریوهای متفاوت اقلیمی اثر تغییر اقلیم بر پراکنش گونه در مقیاس جهانی و کشوری مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که تا سال 2050 میلادی در تمام سناریوهای تغییر اقلیم بر گستره پراکنش گونه در عرض­ های جغرافیایی بالاتر افزوده خواهد شد. در سطح جهانی آمریکای شمالی، حوزه مدیترانه و خاورمیانه، و در سطح کشوری علاوه بر استان­ های جنوبی، زیستگاه ­های داخلی فلات ایران شامل استان­ های خراسان جنوبی، کرمان، فارس، سمنان و خراسان رضوی شاهد بیش ­ترین احتمال گسترش پراکنش گونه خواهند بود. بدین­ ترتیب نتایج پژوهش حاضر می­ تواند به ­عنوان ابزاری کارامد جهت طرح ­ریزی اقدامات پیشگیرانه و کاهش آثار منفی کهور آمریکایی در مناطق پرخطر مورد توجه قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessing impact of climate change on the invasion risk of Prosopis juliflora in natural ecosystems of Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Iraj Heshmati 1
  • Nematollah Khorasani 1
  • Bahman Shams-Esfandabad 2
  • Borhan Riazi 1
1 Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Environment, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran
چکیده [English]

Prosopis juliflora is among the most problematic invasive species globally, and the negative effects of its biological invasion has targeted natural ecosystems of semi-tropical to arid lands of the Earth. High reproduction and dispersal capabilities and incredible tolerance and adaptability to new ecological conditions has led to the expansion of its distribution, reduction in native biodiversity and changes in community structure of the invaded areas. Since the eradication of invasive species is expensive and time-consuming, identifying areas that are exposing to the invasion of the species in the future, particularly due to the effects of climate change, provides an applicable tool for ecosystem planning and management. In this research using the concept of ecological niche modeling (ENM) and maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model, and also different climatic models and scenarios the impact of climate change on the global distribution of the species was assessed. Evaluating the impacts of climate change revealed a remarkable range expansion to upper latitudes by 2050. In a global scale North America, Mediterranean Basin and Middle East, and in a country scale in Iran, in addition to the southern provinces, habitats of central Iranian plateau including South Khorasan, Kerman, Fars, Semnan and Razavi Khorasan will be experiencing the highest range expansion of the species. the results of this study could be used as an efficient tool to implement broad-scale and priority-setting monitoring programs in natural ecosystems.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Distribution modeling
  • Biological invasion
  • Climate change
  • Mesquite
  • Ecosystem destruction
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