تأثیر استفاده از منابع پروتئین‌های گیاهی و جانوری ارزان قیمت به جای پودر ماهی بر شاخص‌های رشد، هماتولوژی و آنزیم‌های کبدی فیل ماهی (Huso huso) پرورشی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 موسسه تحقیقات بین المللی تاسماهیان دریای خزر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، رشت، ایران

2 گروه شیلات، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه گیلان، صومعه سرا، ایران

چکیده

به منظور کاهش سهم پودر ماهی در جیره غذایی فیل ماهی، مخلوطی از پروتئین‌های گیاهی و جانوری (گلوتن ذرت: 35 درصد، گلوتن گندم: 19/34 درصد، آرد سویای فرآوری شده: 3 درصد، پودر ضایعات مرغ: 20 درصد، پودر گوشت و استخوان: 8 درصد، پودر خون: 4/3 درصد) از لحاظ ترکیب شیمیایی و پروفایل اسیدآمینه مشابه پودر ماهی بود، در سطوح جایگزینی 20، 40، 60 و 80 درصد جایگزین پودر ماهی شدند و به نام تیمارهای 1 (FM)، 2 (MPP20)، 3 (MPP40)، 4 (MPP60) و 5 (MPP80) نامیده شدند. تمام جیره‌ها دارای سطوح یکسان پروتئین و انرژی (44 درصد و 4365 کیلوکالری/کیلوگرم) بودند. فیل ماهیان با میانگین وزن 6/5 ±167 گرم از جیره ‏های مزبور تا حد سیری تغذیه و شاخص‌های رشد، هماتولوژی و برخی از شاخص‌های ایمنی غیر اختصاصی و آنزیمی آن ها مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که شاخص‌های رشد از جیره‌های مختلف غذایی تأثیر نپذیرفت (P>0/05). اختلاف معنی‌داری در تعداد گلبول ­های سفید، قرمز، هموگلوبین، هماتوکریت، غلظت متوسط هموگلوبین (MCHC)، مونوسیت و ائوزینوفیل ماهیان در مقایسه با ماهیان تغذیه‌شده با جیره مبتنی بر پودر ماهی (FM) مشاهده نشد (P>0/05)، اما میزان حجم متوسط گلبول‌های قرمز (MCV) در ماهیان تغذیه‌شده با جیره‌های (MPP20،MPP40 ، MPP60 و MPP80) و وزن متوسط هموگلوبین موجود در یک گلبول قرمز (MCH) ماهیان تیمارهای MPP60 و MPP80 نسبت به ماهیان تیمار (FM) به­ طور معنی‌داری کاهش یافت (P<0/05). میزان لنفوسیت در ماهیان تغذیه­ شده با جیره­ های MPP20، و MPP40  به طور معنی‌داری از ماهیان تغذیه‌شده با جیره FM کم تر بود (P<0/05)، با افزایش مخلوط پروتئین جانوری به جای پودر ماهی فعالیت آنزیم‌های  AST و ALT کبد در مقایسه با ماهیان تغذیه‌شده با جیره مبتنی بر پودر ماهی به طور معنی‌داری افزایش یافت (P<0/05). نتایج این آزمایش نشان داد که امکان جایگزینی 40 درصد از مخلوط پروتئین‌های حیوانی و گیاهی به‌جای پودر ماهی بدون تأثیر منفی بر شاخص‌های رشد، بقاء، شاخص‌های هماتولوژی و برخی از شاخص ­های ایمنی غیر اختصاصی و آنزیمی فیل ماهی در حال رشد وجود دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of replacing fish meal with plant and animal composition on growth indices, hematology and hepatic enzymes of Huso huso

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mir Hamed Sayed Hassani 1
  • Mirmasoud Sajjadi 2
  • Bahram Falahatkar 2
  • Ayoub Yosefi jourdehi 1
  • Maryam Monsef Shokri 1
  • Alireza AlipourJour Shari 1
  • Hooshang Yeganeh 1
1 International Sturgeon Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Rasht, Iran
2 Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University Guilan, Sowmeh Sara, Iran
چکیده [English]

To purpose fish meal reduaction in Huso huso diet, a combinaton of plant and animal proteins (corn gluten: 35%, wheat gluten: 19.34%, processed soy meal: 3%, poultry by product: 20%, meat and bone meal: 8%, blood meal: 4.3%) similar in chemical composition and amino acid profile was subsutsted Anchovy fish meal at 0, 20, 40, 60 and 80% and named of treatment 1 (FM), treatment 2 (MPP20), treatment 3 (MPP40), Treatment 4 (MPP60) and treatment 5 (MPP80). All diets had the same protein and energy levels (44% and 4365 kcal / kg). Huso huso (average weight, 167 ± 6.5 gr) were fed saturarated and growth indices, hematology and enzyme liver were studied. The results showed that growth indices were not affected by different diets (P> 0.05). There was no significant difference in white blood cell count, red blood cell, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), monocyte and eosinophil in fish compared to fish fed on fish meal (FM) diet (P>0.05), but mean erythrocyte volume (MCV) in diets fed with diets (MPP20, MPP40, MPP60 and MPP80) and mean hemoglobin weight in one erythrocyte (MCH) of MPP60 and MPP80 compared to (FM) were significantly Decreased (P<0.05). Increasing mixture of animal protein instead of fish meal significantly increased the activity of liver AST and ALT enzymes compared to fish fed a diet based on fish meal (P<0.05). The results of this experiment showed that there was possibility of replace 40% fish meal by mixture of animal and plant proteins without adversely affect on hematological parameters and and liver enzym in growing Huso huso.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Huso huso
  • Animal and plant protein mix
  • Growth
  • Hematology
  • Liver enzyme

مراجع

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فصلنامه محیط زیست جانوری
دوره 14، شماره 1
شماره بهار
اردیبهشت 1401
صفحه 169-178

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