ترکیب شیمیایی و گوارش‏ پذیری آزمایشگاهی گیاه سسبانیا (Sesbania sesban) در هفته‏ های گوناگون رشد به روش تولید گاز در تغذیه نشخوارکنندگان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران

2 گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه جیرفت، جیرفت، ایران

3 گروه تولیدات گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، مجتمع آموزش عالی شیروان، شیروان، ایران

4 گروه مهندسی بیوسیستم، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران

5 گروه مهندسی کشاورزی ، آموزشکده فنی و کشاورزی فسا، دانشگاه فنی و حرفه ‏ای، فسا، ایران

10.22034/AEJ.2021.278108.2481

چکیده

گیاه سسبانیا از لگوم ‏های چندساله است که بیش ‏تر، در مناطق گرمسیری آسیا، آفریقا و استرالیا می ‏روید. این گیاه انواع خاک ‏ها را تحمل نموده و به ویژه سازگاری بالایی نسبت به خاک‏ های شور دارد. به دلیل پروتئین مناسب و فیبر نسبتا پایین آن، می ‏توان این گیاه را در جیره نشخوارکنندگان به‏ کار برد. این پژوهش با هدف اندازه‏ گیری ترکیبات شیمیایی و گوارش‏ پذیری آزمایشگاهی مواد مغذی گیاه سسبانیا (Sesbania sesban) به روش تولید گاز، و بررسی روند تغییرات این فراسنجه ‏ها ازهفته سوم تا نهم رشد در بخش ‏های گوناگون این گیاه انجام شد. پس از کشت گیاه در مزرعه پژوهشی، در هفته سوم، پنجم، هفتم و نهم کاشت، از گیاه کامل، برگ‏ ها و ساقه برای اندازه ‏گیری ترکیبات شیمیایی (ماده خشک، پروتئین، خاکستر، فیبر نامحلول در شوینده خنثی (NDF) و اسیدی (ADF)) و هم چنین، گوارش‏ پذیری آزمایشگاهی به روش تولید گاز، به طور جداگانه نمونه ‏هایی برداشته شد. یافته‌های این آزمایش نشان داد که درصد NDF و ADF با افزایش سن گیاه در گیاه کامل، برگ و ساقه به گونه معنی‌داری افزایش یافت به گونه ‏ای که در گیاه کامل مقدار NDF از 35/66 درصد درهفته سوم به 46/08 درصد درهفته نهم و مقدار ADF از 22/90 در هفته سوم به 35/43 در هفته نهم رسید. غلظت پروتئین با افزایش سن در همه بخش ‎های گیاه کاهش یافت و مقدار پروتئین خام در هفته نهم رشد به تربیب در گیاه کامل و برگ، 17/38 و 21/01 درصد بود. با افزایش سن گیاه، همگام با افزایش غلظت کربوهیدرات‏ های ساختاری و کاهش پروتئین در هر سه نمونه (گیاه کامل، برگ و ساقه)، تولید گاز تجمعی پس از 48 ساعت، کل گاز تولیدی، میزان انرژی قابل متابولیسم، اسیدهای چرب کوتاه زنجیره و گوارش‏ پذیری ماده آلی کاهش یافت. یافته ‏های این پژوهش نشان داد با توجه به مقدار ماده خشک تولیدی و دیگر ترکیبات اندازه‏ گیری شده، مناسب ‏ترین زمان برداشت این گیاه چندساله به عنوان گیاه کامل، هفته هفتم کشت بوده و گیاه کامل سسبانیا و یا برگ آن می‏ تواند پس از نزدیک دو ماه کشت منبع مناسبی برای تامین علوفه دام باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of Sesbania sesban using gas production technique during various weeks of growth in ruminant nutrition

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyed Mehdi Ghoreishi 1
  • Amir Mousaie 2
  • Akram Maleki 2
  • Nemat Ziaei 3
  • Mohammad Amin Nematollahi 4
  • Javad Taei Semiromi 5
1 Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
2 Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Jiroft University, Jiroft, Iran
3 Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Shirvan Higher Education Complex, Shirvan, Iran
4 Department of Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
5 Department of Agricultural Engineering, Fasa Technical and Agricultural College, Technical and Vocational University, Fasa, Iran
چکیده [English]

Sesbania is a perennial legume that grows mostly in the tropics of Asia, Africa and Australia. This plant tolerates different type of soils, especially saline soils. Due to appropriate protein percentage and relatively low fiber, this plant can be used in ruminant diets. This study was conducted to determine the chemical composition and digestibility of sesbania (Sesbania sesban) using gas production technique and to evaluate the trend of changes in these parameters from the third week to ninth week of growth. The samples from whole plant, leaves and stems were collected separately at third, fifth, seventh and ninth week of planting, to measure chemical composition (dry matter, protein, ash, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber) and also in vitro digestibility by gas production technique. The results of this experiment showed that the percentage of NDF and ADF increased significantly with the growth in the whole plant, leaves and stems, so that in the whole plant the amount of NDF increased from 35.66% in the third week to 46.08% in ninth week, and ADF ranged from 22.90 in the third week to 35.43 in the ninth week. Protein concentration decreased with aging in all parts of the plant. The amount of protein in the ninth week of growth was approximately 17.38% and 21.01% in the whole plant and leaves, respectively. With increasing plant age, along with increasing the concentration of structural carbohydrates and protein reduction in all three samples (whole plant, leaves and stems), the production of cumulative gas after 48 hours, total gas production, metabolisable energy, short chain fatty acids and organic matter digestibility decreased. The results of this study showed that according to the amount of dry matter and other measured compounds, the most appropriate time to harvest this plant as a whole plant is the seventh week of cultivation and the whole sesbania or its leaves can be a good source of livestock fodder after about two months of cultivation.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Chemical composition
  • Gas production technique
  • In vitro digestibility
  • Sesbania sesban
  • Weeks of growth

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فصلنامه محیط زیست جانوری
دوره 14، شماره 1
شماره بهار
اردیبهشت 1401
صفحه 57-66

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