تأثیر سطوح مختلف اسانس هیدروالکلی گیاه داروئی شاه ‌اسپرم (Tanacetum balsamita) بر عملکرد، ایمنی سلولی و همورال جوجه های گوشتی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم دامی، دانشکدة کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران

2 بخش تحقیقات علوم دامی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان خراسان رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مشهد، ایران

10.22034/AEJ.2021.286067.2530

چکیده

اسانس‌ گیاهان داروئی به واسطه دارا بودن فعالیت ضدمیکروبی و آنتی‌اکسیدانی به منظور ایجاد شرایط مناسب روده و بهبود هضم خوراک به عنوان جایگزین آنتی‌بیوتیک‌ها به جیره طیور اضافه می‌شوند. بدین منظور، در آزمایش حاضر تأثیر غلظت‌های مختلف اسانس هیدروالکلی گیاه داروئی شاه اسپرم در مقایسه با ویتامین­ های E و C و آنتی‌بیوتیک بر عملکرد، ایمنی سلولی و همورال جوجه­ های گوشتی سویه راس-308 مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. تعداد 300 قطعه جوجه گوشتی (مخلوط مساوی جنس نر و ماده) در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی به 6 تیمار، 5 تکرار و 10 قطعه جوجه در هر تکرار اختصاص داده شدند. جیره‌های آزمایشی عبارت بودند از: 1) جیره پایه (شاهد)، 2 و 3) به ترتیب جیره پایه + 200 و 400 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم اسانس هیدروالکلی گیاه داروئی شاه اسپرم، 4) جیره پایه + 200 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم ویتامین E، 5) جیره پایه + 200 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم ویتامین C و 6) جیره پایه + 200 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم آنتی‌بیوتیک ویرجینیامایسین. افزودنی‌ها از 1 تا 42 روزگی به جیره جوجه‌ها اضافه شدند. جیره­ های آزمایشی بر عملکرد کل دوره (مقادیر خوراک مصرفی، افزایش وزن، ضریب تبدیل خوراک و شاخص بازدهی تولید اروپائی)، عیار آنتی­ بادی علیه ویروس نیوکاسل و آنفولانزا، ایمنوگلوبولین اولیه و ثانویه علیه آنتی‌ژن گلبول قرمز خون گوسفندی تأثیر نداشتند (0/05<P). تیمارهای آزمایشی بر شاخص ضخامت پرده پا در پاسخ به فیتوهماگلوتینین در 4 و 24 ساعت پس از تزریق تأثیر نداشتند اما در مقایسه با گروه شاهد، شاخص ضخامت پای جوجه‌های دریافت کننده جیره­ دارای 200 و 400 میلی ­گرم اسانس شاه اسپرم در 48 ساعت پس از تزریق بالاتر بود ولی بین گروه شاهد با گروه دریافت کننده آنتی‌بیوتیک و ویتامین‌های E و C تفاوت معنی‌داری مشاهده نشد و در مقایسه با گروه شاهد، جوجه‌های دریافت کننده جیره­ دارای 200 میلی­ گرم اسانس و ویتامین‌های E و C، درصد لنفوسیت بالاتر و درصد هتروفیل و نسبت هتروفیل به لنفوسیت پائین‌تری بودند. اگرچه ویتامین‌های E و C و اسانس شاه اسپرم بر ایمنی سلولی تأثیرگذار بودند، اما یافته‌های این تحقیق نشان داد که به دلیل عدم تأثیر بر عملکرد طیور، افزودن آن‌ها در شرایط این آزمایش به جیره طیور به لحاظ اقتصادی قابل توصیه نیست.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Different Levels Tanacetum balsamita Hydroalcoholic Essential Oil on Broiler Chickens Performance and humoral and cell mediated immunity

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Tork 1
  • Ali Khatibjoo 1
  • Mohammad Akbari Gharaei 1
  • Kamran Taherpour 1
  • Mahdi Soltani 2
1 Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
2 Department of Animal Science Research, Khorasan Razavi Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Promotion Organization, Mashhad, Iran
چکیده [English]

Medicinal plant essential oil has antimicrobial and antioxidant properties and improve small intestine microbial population and feed digestibility and for this purpose its inclusion to broiler chickens’ diet as antibiotic replacement. Present study was conducted in order to compare the effect of different levels of Tanacetum balsamita hydroalcoholic essential oil with vitamin E and C on Ross-308 broiler chickens’ performance and immunity. Three hundred broiler chickens (equal number of male and female) were used in a completely randomized design in 6 treatments and 5 replicates with 10 birds in each. The dietary treatment consisted of: 1) basal diet as control group, 2 and 3) basal diet supplemented with 200 and 400 mg/kg Tanacetum balsamita hydroalcoholic essential oil, respectively, 4) basal diet supplemented with 200 mg/kg Vitamin E, 5) basal diet supplemented with 200 mg/kg vitamin C and 6) basal diet supplemented with 200 mg/kg virginiamycin antibiotic. The results showed that the amount of feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio and European production efficiency factor, IgG, IgM and total antibody titter against SRBC, New-castle disease and avian influenza virus’s antibody titer were not affected by dietary treatments (P>0.05). Treatments had no effect on toe web swelling index after 4 and 24h post injection period but broiler chickens fed diets containing 200 and 400 mg/kg Tanacetum balsamita essential oil had higher swelling index at 48h after injection whereas there were no significant differences between vitamin E and antibiotic groups (P<0.05) and chickens fed diets supplemented with 200 mg/kg essential oil and vitamin E and C had higher lymphocyte percentage and lower heterophil percentage and heterophil to lymphocyte ratio compared to control group (P<0.05). In conclusion, although Tanacetum balsamita essential oil improved cell mediated immunity of broiler chickens but the results revealed that due to its non-significant effect on broiler chicken’s performance and immunity, its addition to broiler chickens’ diet is not economically advisable.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Broiler
  • Hydroalcoholic essence
  • Immunity
  • Performance
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