بررسی و مطالعه ژنتیکی جمعیت های تغذیه کننده لاک پشت دریائی سبز (Chelonia mydas) برای نخستین بار در ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه محیط زیست، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

2 گروه زیست شناسی، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری، سبزوار، ایران

3 گروه زیست شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه گلستان، گرگان، ایران

10.22034/AEJ.2021.272230.2462

چکیده

خانواده لاک‌پشت‌های دریایی به‌عنوان گونه‌های به‌شدت مهاجر و در معرض تهدید جهانی فواصل زیادی را مابین زیستگاه‌های لانه‌سازی و تغذیه‌ای طی می‌کنند. بخش‌های شمالی خلیج‌فارس و دریای عمان دربرگیرنده زیستگاه‌های قابل‌توجه تغذیه‌ای برای جمعیت‌های عمدتاً گونه لاک‌پشت سبز (Chelonia mydas) است. این مطالعه برای اولین بار در کشور و به‌منظور بررسی این جمعیت‌ها و شناسایی زیستگاه‌های تغذیه‌ای این‌گونه انجام گرفت. تعداد 139 لاک‌پشت از زیستگاه‌های مختلف زنده گیری و ضمن بررسی ویژگی‌های ریخت‌شناسی با انجام نمونه‌برداری ساختار ژنتیکی آن‌ها نیز با استفاده از ژن ناحیه کنترلی (D-loop) موردمطالعه قرار گرفت. بر اساس نتایج، اندازه لاک پشت ها حاکی از حضور لاک پشت های عمدتاً جوان در منطقه بود. توالی ژن مورد استفاده به طول 694 جفت باز و تجزیه‌ و تحلیل آن‌ها با استفاده از 70 فرد پس از مرتب‌سازی و اصلاح‌های مورد نیاز انجام شد و تعداد 17 هاپلوتایپ به‌طور مشخص شناسایی شد که 13 مورد آن به‌عنوان هاپلوتایپ جدید ثبت شدند. هر چند درخت‌های رسم شده با استفاده از روش‌های مختلف دو گروه مجزا را نشان می‌داد اما هر دو گروه دارای ترکیبی از هاپلوتایپ های شناسایی‌شده بودند. تنوع هاپلوتایپی و نوکلئوتیدی برای کل داده‌ها به ترتیب 0/8977 و 0/0149 محاسبه گردید که حاکی از میزان تنوع هاپلوتایپی بالا است. این میزان تنوع و نیز تعداد هاپلوتایپ های جدید نشان‌دهنده اهمیت زیستگاهی منطقه خلیج‌فارس و دریای عمان به‌عنوان منطقه تلاقی جمعیت‌های بخش غربی و شرقی این‌ گونه است. عوامل تهدید کننده متعدد به ویژه تغییر و تبدیل زیستگاه‌ها و نیز مرگ‌ و میر ناشی از صید جانبی در فعالیت‌های صیادی آسیب قابل‌ توجهی را به گونه وارد می‌سازد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Population and genetic study of Green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) in the northern Persian Gulf and Oman Sea, Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Asghar Mobaraki 1
  • Eskandar Rastegar Pouyani 2
  • Haji Gholi Kami 3
  • Nematallah Khorasani 1
1 Department of Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
3 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran
چکیده [English]

As the only remnants of diverse and wide spread marine turtles from ancient time, modern marine turtles play important ecological, economical and cultural roles in our oceans and related human communities. Green sea turtle, Chelonia mydas, referred as the most valuable reptile of the world, and have its popularity and famousness owing the name of the order Chelonian and one of the remaining sea turtle families, Cheloniidae. Totally 139 turtles in different life stages, from different sites and using the mentioned methods, captures and the collected data analyzed. Of all samples, the smallest and largest ones had a juvenile 26 cm and a male mature 96 cm length, respectively, the minimum and maximum weight also were 2.3 and 97 kg respectively. Considering the quality, totally 70 sequences with 694 bps were included in the final genetic analyses. Based on the phylogenetic trees, two main clades with 37 and 33 individuals were detected. In both clades, individuals from all sampling sites were present, indicating geographic distinction, convincing to suppose the all individuals as a one group. Total FST for two clades calculated 0.77 (p>0.05) which indicates high level of differentiation. As a whole population or as one group, 17 haplotypes were recognized with haplotype diversity (h) of 0.8977 and nucleotide diversity (π) of 0.0149. 13 haplotypes recorded as the new detected ones. Of all the 17 haplotypes, only four haplotypes have already been reported, sharing with six haplotypes including: two from Australia (KJ502589.1 and KJ502588.1), two haplotypes from Saudi Arabia (KP027611.1, KP027608.1), and one from Indonesia (KM357652.1) and one from south East Asia (KX057743.1). Haplotypes of 1 and 9 with 14 individuals had the highest frequency. Haplotype network was drawn to represent the relationship between the all haplotypes of data set which the results and contribution of each locality in the groups. The network shows that the haplotypes form two main groups have 16 mutation steps which indicate their genetic distance and divergence.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Conservation
  • Marine turtles
  • Haplotype
  • Persian Gulf

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فصلنامه محیط زیست جانوری
دوره 14، شماره 3
آبان 1401
صفحه 193-202

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