اثر ویتامین C و اسید فرمیک بر عملکرد، صفات لاشه، ایمنی و فراسنجه‌های بیوشیمیایی و هماتولوژی خون جوجه‌های گوشتی تحت تنش گرمایی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم دامی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

2 گروه علوم دامی، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت، ایران

10.22034/AEJ.2022.321034.2722

چکیده

این تحقیق به منظور مقایسه اثرات ویتامین C و اسید فرمیک در جیره غذایی بر عملکرد، صفات لاشه، اندام‌‌‌‌‌های ایمنی و فراسنجه‌های بیوشیمیایی و هماتولوژی خون جوجه‌های گوشتی در طول تنش گرمایی صورت پذیرفت. آزمایش با استفاده از 120 قطعه جوجه گوشتی یک‌روزه سویه راس 308 در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 3 تیمار، 4 تکرار و 10 قطعه جوجه در هر تکرار انجام شد. تنش گرمایی با اعمال 34 درجه سانتی گراد به مدت 8 ساعت در روز، از سن 29 تا 42 روزگی صورت گرفت. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل: 1- جیره پایه (شاهد)، 2- جیره پایه + ویتامین C (240 میلی‌گرم در هر کیلوگرم جیره غذایی) و 3- جیره پایه + اسید فرمیک (0/5% جیره غذایی) در جیره پایانی بودند. در پایان دوره آزمایشی، دو قطعه پرنده از هر تکرار کشتار و برای اندازه ­گیری صفات لاشه مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. برای اندازه ­گیری فراسنجه­ های بیوشیمیایی و هماتولوژی خون جوجه­ ها نیز در روز 42 از ورید بال آن­ ها نمونه ­های خونی تهیه شد. استفاده از ویتامین C و اسید فرمیک در جیره سبب بهبود معنی‌دار میانگین افزایش وزن و مصرف خوراک روزانه و ضریب تبدیل خوراک شد (0/05>P). مکمل ویتامین C باعث کاهش معنی‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌دار درصد چربی محوطه شکمی شد (0/05>P). وزن نسبی بورس فابریسیوس و طحال به‌طور معنی‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌داری در اثر ویتامین C افزایش یافت (0/5>P). تیمارهای آزمایشی موجب افزایش سطح پروتئین خام و کاهش کلسترول کل و کلسترول LDL و ویتامین C سبب کاهش غلظت گلوکز و افزایش کلسترول HDL و هورمون‌های تری‌یدوتیرونین و تیروکسین خون شد (0/05>P). هر دو مکمل‌ ویتامین C و اسید فرمیک، باعث افزایش معنی‌‌دار مقادیر گلبول‌های قرمز خون و میانگین غلظت هموگلوبین گلبول‌های قرمز و کاهش میانگین حجم گلبول‌های قرمز و نسبت هتروفیل به لنفوسیت شد (0/05>P). استفاده از ویتامین C و تا حدودی اسید فرمیک در جیره توانست با تاثیر مثبت بر برخی از متابولیت­ های خونی باعث رفع اثرات سوء تنش گرمایی شده و به بهبود صفات عملکرد رشد جوجه ­ها منجر شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of vitamin C and formic acid on performance, carcass characteristics, immunity, and blood biochemical and hematological parameters of broilers under heat stress

نویسندگان [English]

  • Faramin Javandel Soume Sarai 1
  • Mir Daryous Shakouri 1
  • Alireza Seidavi 2
1 Department of Animal Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
2 Department of Animal Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
چکیده [English]

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of dietary supplementation of vitamin C and formic acid on performance, carcass traits, immune organs, blood hematological and biological parameters of broiler chickens during heat stress. The experiment was conducted using a total of 120 day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308) by employing a completely randomized design with 3 treatments, 4 replicates and 10 birds in each replicate. Heat stress performed by setting room temperature on 34 ˚C for 8 hours per day from 29 to 42 days of age. The experimental treatments included: 1- basal diet (control), 2- basal diet + vitamin C (240 mg per kg of diet) and 3- basal diet + formic acid (0.5% of diet) in finisher diet. At the end of the trial, two birds from each replicate were slaughtered to measure the carcass traits. Blood samples were also taken from the wing vein of the chickens on day 42 to measure the biological and hematological parameters. Dietary supplementation of vitamin C and formic acid significantly improved daily body weight gain, daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio of the chickens (P<0.05). The supplemental vitamin C resulted in lower abdominal fat (P<0.05). Relative weights of spleen and bursa of Fabricius were significantly increased by dietary vitamin C (P<0.05). Dietary treatments increased total protein and declined total cholesterol and LDL-C levels, and vitamin C decreased glucose and increased HDL-C, T3 and T4 concentration of the blood (P<0.05). Vitamin C and formic acid significantly increased red blood cells (RBCs) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and decreased mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and heterophil to lymphocyte ratio (P<0.05). Dietary vitamin C and, to some extent, formic acid could eliminate the adverse effects of heat stress on broilers by having a positive effect on blood parameters and subsequently improved growth performance.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Blood
  • Broiler chicken
  • Formic acid
  • Heat stress
  • Immunity
  • Vitamin C

مراجع

  1. Mujahid, A., 2011. Nutritional strategies to maintain efficiency and production of chickens under high environmental temperature. JPSA. 48(3): 145-154.
  2. Quinteiro-Filho, W.M., Gomes, A.V.S., Pinheiro, M.L., Ribeiro, A., Ferraz-de-Paula, V., Astolfi-Ferreira, C.S., Ferreira, A.J.P. and Palermo-Neto, J., 2012. Heat stress impairs performance and induces intestinal inflammation in broiler chickens infected with Salmonella Enteritidis. Avian Pathol. 41(5): 421-427.
  3. Zhao, H., He, Y., Li, S., Sun, X., Wang, Y., Shao, Y., Hou, Z. and Xing, M., 2017. Subchronic arsenism-induced oxidative stress and inflammation contribute to apoptosis through mitochondrial and death receptor dependent pathways in chicken immune organs. Oncotarget. 8(25): 40327-40344. 
  4. Khan, R.U., Naz, S., Nikousefaut, Z., Tufarelli, V. and Laudadio, V., 2012. Effect of ascorbic acid in heat stressed poultry. Worlds Poult Sci J. 68(3): 477-490.
  5. Abidin, Z. and Khatoon, A., 2013. Heat stress in poultry and the beneficial effects of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) supplementation during periods of heat stress. Worlds Poult Sci J. 68(3): 477-483.
  6. Ghazi, S., Amjadian, T. and Norouzi, S., 2015. Single and combined effects of vitamin C and oregano essential oil in diet, on growth performance, and blood parameters of broiler chicks reared under heat stress condition. Int J Biometeorol. 59(8): 1019-1024.
  7. McKee, J.S., Harrison, P.C. and Riskowski, G.L., 1997.Effects of supplemental ascorbic acid on the energy conversion of broiler chicks during heat stress and feed withdrawal. Poult Sci. 76(9): 1278-1286.
  8. Daskiran, M., Teeter, R.G., Vanhooser, S.L., Gibson, M.L. and Roura, E., 2004. Effect of dietary acidification on mortality rates, general performance, carcass characteristics and serum chemistry of broilers exposed to cycling high ambient temperature stress. J Appl Poult Res. 13(4): 605-613.
  9. Pathak, M., Mandal, G.P., Patra, A.K., Samanta, I., Pradhan, S. and Haldar, S., 2017. Effects of dietary supplementation of cinnamaldehyde and formic acid on growth performance, intestinal microbiota and immune response in broiler chickens. Anim Prod Sci. 57(5): 821-827.
  10. Milillo, S.R., Martin, E., Muthaiyan, A. and Ricke, S.C., 2011. Immediate reduction of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium following exposure to multiple-hurdle treatments with heated, acidified organic acid salt solutions. Appl Environ Microbiol. 77(11): 3765-3772.
  11. Ricke, S.C., Dittoe, D.K. and Richardson, K.E., 2020. Formic acid as an antimicrobial for poultry production: a review. Front Vet Sci. 7: 563.
  12. Paul, S.K., Halder, G., Mondal, M.K. and Samanta, G., 2007. Effect of organic acid salt on the performance and gut health of broiler chicken. J Poult Sci. 44(4): 389-395.
  13. Mirzapor Sarab, S., Salari, S., Mirzadeh, Kh. and Aghaei, A., 2016. Effect of different levels of vitamin C and L-Carnitine on performance and some blood and immune parameters of broilers under heat stress. Iran J Appl Anim Sci. 8(1): 141-153.
  14. Chand, N., Naz, S., Khan, A., Khan, S. and Khan, R.U., 2014. Performance traits and immune response of broiler chicks treated with zinc and ascorbic acid supplementation during cyclic heat stress. Int J Biometeorol. 58(10): 2153-2157.
  15. Zulkifli, I., Sti, N. and Azah, A., 2004. Fear and stress reactions and the performance of commercial broiler chickens subjected to regular pleasant and unpleasant contacts with human being. Appl Anim Behav Sci. 88(1-2): 77-87.
  16. Bouret, S.G., Draper, S.J. and Simerly, R.B., 2004. Formation of projection pathways from the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus to hypothalamic regions implicated in the neural control of feeding behavior in mice. J Neurosci. 24(11): 2797-805.
  17. Lan, R., Zhao, Z., Li, S. and An, L., 2020. Sodium butyrate as an effective feed additive to improve performance, liver function, and meat quality in broilers under hot climatic conditions. Poult Sci. 99(11): 5491-5500.
  18. Ding, J., He, I.S., Xiong, Y., Liu, I.D., Dai, I.S. and Hu, I.H., 2020. Effects of dietary supplementation of fumaric acid on growth performance, blood hematological and biochemical profile of broiler chickens exposed to chronic heat stress. Braz J Poult Sci. 22(1): 001-008.
  19. Abbasi, A., Hashemi, S.R., Hassani, S. and Ebrahimi, M., 2018. Gastrointestinal microbial population response and performance of broiler chickens fed with organic acids and silver nanoparticles coated on zeolite under heat stress condition. Iran J Appl Anim Sci. 8(4): 685-691.
  20. Ružić, Z., Kanački, Z., Jokanović, M., Suzana Vidaković, S., Knežević, S., Jović, S. and Paraš, S., 2020. The influence of vitamin C and early-age thermal conditioning on the quality of meat and specific production characteristics of broilers during heat stress. Turkish J Vet Anim Sci. 44(2): 314-322.
  21. Toplu, H.D.O., Nazligül, A., Karaarslan, S., Kaya, M. and Yagin, O., 2014. Effects of heat conditioning and dietary ascorbic acid supplementation on growth performance, carcass and meat quality characteristics in heat-stressed broilersAnk Univ Vet Fak. 61(4): 295-302.
  22. Rafiee, F., Mazhari, M., Ghoreishi, M. and Esmaeilipour, O., 2016. Effect of lemon verbena powder and vitamin C on performance, and immunity of heat stressed broilers. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr. 100(5): 807-812.
  23. Sahin, K., Sahin, N. and Kucuk, O., 2003. Effects of chromium, and ascorbic acid supplementation on growth, carcass traits, serum metabolites, and antioxidant status of broiler chickens reared at a high ambient temperature (32°C). Nutr Res. 23(2): 225-238.
  24. Toplu, H.D.O., Tunca, R., Aypak, S.U., Coven, F., Epikmen, E.T., Karaarslan, S. and Yagin, O., 2014. Effects of heat conditioning and dietary ascorbic acid supplementation on heat shock protein 70 expression, blood parameters and fear-related behavior in broilers subjected to heat stress. Acta Sci Vet. 42: 1179.
  25. Geraert, P.A., Padilha, J.C. and Guillaumin, S., 1996. Metabolic and Endocrine Changes Induced by Chronic Heat Exposure in Broiler Chickens: Growth Performance, Body Composition and Energy Retention. Br J Nut. 75(2): 195-204. 
  26. Attia, Y.A., Al-Harthi, M.A., El-Shafey, A.S., Rehab, Y.A. and Kim, W.K., 2017. Enhancing tolerance of broiler chickens to heat stress by supplementation with vitamin E, vitamin C and/or probiotics. Ann Anim Sci. 17(4):1155-1169.
  27. Hajati, H., Hassanabadi,, Golian, A., Nassiri-Moghaddam, H. and Nassiri, M.R., 2015. The effect of grape seed extract and vitamin C feed supplements carcass characteristics, gut morphology and ileal microflora in broiler chickens exposed to chronic heat stress. Iran J Appl Anim Sci. 5(1): 155-165.
  28. Temim, S., Chagneau, A.M., Peresson, R. and Tesseraud, S., 2000. Chronic heat exposure alters protein turnover of three different skeletal muscles in finishing broiler chickens fed 20 or 25% protein diets. J Nutr. 130(4): 813-819.
  29. Momenizadeh, , Maghsoudlou, Z., Bayat Koohsar, J. and Ghanbari, F., 2020. Evaluation of probiotics and butyric acid glycerides through feed and drinking water on growth performance, carcass characteristics and gut microflora in broiler chickens. Journal of Animal Environment. 2(4): 231-245. (In Persian)
  30. Hirakawa, R., Nurjanah, S., Furukawa, K., Murai, A., Kikusato, M., Nochi, T. and Toyomizu, M., 2020. Heat stress causes immune abnormalities viavmassive damage to effect proliferation and differentiation of lymphocytes in broiler chickens. Front Vet Sci. 7: 46.
  31. Anwar, B., Khan, S.A., Aslam, A., Maqbool, A. and Khan, K.A., 2004. Effects of ascorbic acid and acetylsalicylic acid Supplementation on the performance of broiler chicks Exposed to heat stress. Pak Vet J. 24(3): 109-112.
  32. Zangeneh, S., Torki, M., Lotfollahian, H. and Abdolmohammadi, A., 2018. Effects of dietary lysophospholipids (lysolecithin) and vitamin C as feed additive in finishing period on performance, carcass characteristics and immune response of broiler chickens reared under thermonatural and high ambient temperature. Anim Sci J. 31(119): 155-168.
  33. Hajati, H., Hassanabadi, A., Golian, A., Nassiri-Moghaddam, H. and Nassir, M.R., 2018. The effect of grape seed extract supplementation on performance, antioxidant enzyme activity, and immune responses in broiler chickens exposed to chronic heat stress. Ital J Anim Sci. 14(3): 3273.
  34. Amakye-Anim, J.T., Lin, L., Hester, P.Y., Thiagarajan, D., Watkins, B.A. and Wu, C.C., Ascorbic acid supplementation improved antibody response to infectious burial disease vaccination in chickens. Poult Sci. 79(5): 680-688.
  35. Bartlett, J.R. and Smith, M.O., 2003. Effects of different levels of zinc on the performance and immunocompetence of broilers under heat stress. Poult Sci. 82(10): 1580-1588.
  36. He, , Yin, Q., Xiong, Y., Liu, D. and Hu, H., 2020. Effects of dietary fumaric acid on the growth performance, immune response, relative weight and antioxidant status of immune organs in broilers exposed to chronic heat stress. Czech J Anim Sci. 65(3): 104-113.
  37. Chand, N., Naz, S., Rehman, Z. and Khan, R.U., 2018. Blood biochemical profile of four fast-growing broiler strains under high ambient temperature. Appl Biol Chem. 61(3): 273-279.
  38. Garriga, C., Hunter, R.R., Amat, C., Planas, J.M., Mitchell, M.A. and Moreto, M., 2006. Heat stress increases apical glucose transport in the chicken jejunum. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 290(1): 195-201.
  39. Gursu, F.M., Onderci, M., Gulcu, F. and Sahin, K., 2004. Effects of vitamin C and folic acid supplementation on serum paraoxonase activity and metabolites induced by heat stress in vivo. Nutr Res. 24(2): 157-164.
  40. Hajati, H., Hassanabadi, A., Golian, A. and Nassiri Moghaddam, H., 2014. The effect of grape seed extract and vitamin C feed supplementation on some blood parameters and HSP70 gene expression of broiler chickens suffering from chronic heat stress. Ital J Anim Sci. 14(3): 3273.
  41. Seyrek, K., Yenisey, C., Serter, M., Kargın Kıral, F., Ulutas, P.A. and Bardakcioglu, H.E., 2004.Effects of dietary vitamin C supplementation on some biochemical parameters of laying Japanese quails exposed to heat stress (34.8°C). Rev Med Vet. 156(6): 339-342.
  42. Rezaeipour, and Nahavandi, S., 2018. Effects of dietary yeast cell wall powder, in combination with butyric acid supplementation, on growth performance, carcass characteristics, ileal microbial counts and serum biochemical metabolites of broiler chickens. Journal of Animal Environment. 10(1): 79-86. (In Persian)
  43. Richmond, W., 1973. Preparation and properties of a cholesterol oxidase from Nocardia and its application to the enzymatic assay of total cholesterol in serum. Clin Chem. 19(12): 1350-1356.
  44. Adenkola, A.Y. and Angani, M.T., 2017. Ascorbic acid supplementation effect on hematology and oxidative stress parameters of broiler chicken during the hot-dry season in southern Guinea Savannah. J Appl Poult Res. 14(1): 28-33.
  45. Deaton, J.W., Reece, F.N. and Tarver, W.J., 1969. Hematocrit, hemoglobin and plasma protein levels of broilers reared under constant temperatures. Poult Sci. 48(6): 1993-1996.
  46. Bao, W., Dalfers, E.R., Srinivasan, S.R., Webber, L.S. and Bernson, G.S., 1993. Normative distribution of complete blood count from elderly males. Prev Med. 22(6): 825-837.
  47. Puvadolpirod, S. and Thaxton, J.P., 2000. Physiology stress in chickens 1. Response parameters. Poult Sci. 76(3): 363-369.
  48. Felver-Gant, J.N., Mack, L.A., Dennis, R.L., Eicher, S.D. and Cheng, H.W., 2021. Genetic variations alter physiological responses following heat stress in 2 strains of laying hens. Poult Sci. 91(7): 1542-1551.
  49. Lara, L.J. and Rostagno, M.H., 2013. Impact of heat stress on poultry production. Anim. 3(2): 356-369.
  50. Nemati, M.H.I., Shahir, M.H.I., Harakinezhad, M.T.I. and Lotfalhian, H.I., 2013. Cold-induced ascites in broilers: effects of vitamin C and Coenzyme Q10. Braz J Poult Sci. 3: 537-544.
فصلنامه محیط زیست جانوری
دوره 14، شماره 4
بهمن 1401
صفحه 125-134

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار