تحلیل اقتصادی سامانه تولید گاو شیری با تأکید بر ریسک در دامداری های شهرستان های استان اردبیل

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

2 گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی مغان، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

10.22034/aej.2022.336378.2785

چکیده

مناسب ترین روش برای حداکثر کردن سود آوری از طریق اصلاح نژاد، استفاده از ضرایب اقتصادی صفات به همراه ارزیابی ژنتیکی است. هدف از این پژوهش برآورد ضرایب اقتصادی صفات تولیدی، تولید مثلی، عملکردی و ارزیابی ریسک در گاوداری‌های شهرستان های اردبیل، خلخال، نیر و گرمی بر مبنای داده های جمع آوری شده و شرایط بازار در سال 1400، با استفاده از یک مدل زیست اقتصادی قطعی بود. ضریب اقتصادی صفات با یک واحد تغییر در میانگین صفت مورد نظر در صورتی که سایر صفات در میانگین خود ثابت بمانند با استفاده از نرم افزار MATLAB محاسبه گردید. صفات مورد بررسی شامل تولید شیر، چربی شیر، فاصله گوساله زایی، طول عمر تولیدی، افزایش وزن روزانه قبل و بعد از شیرگیری، وزن تولد، وزن بدن بالغ، نرخ بقاء قبل و بعد از شیرگیری بودند. که ضرایب اقتصادی به ترتیب برای شهرستان اردبیل 17/15501، 556278، 41/78829-، 85/18325، 31/607695، 5/1984509، 36/47849، 69/34521-، 77/676066، 11/3174287 ریال، برای شهرستان خلخال 83/12154، 65/555009، 61/156539-، 81/17409، 07/1058103، 26/3480949، 43/83976، 37/43347-، 34/3814230، 65/6371210 ریال، برای شهرستان نیر 13/15281، 7/490212، 97/128232-،19/64858، 59/898225، 16/2932385، 61/70725، 99/49044-، 56/2503282 و 8/5036932 ریال و برای شهرستان گرمی 6/27118، 94/448803، 28/130308-،58/15699، 54/908827، 35/2990291، 17/72192، 8/54554-، 99/3024142، 32/5006904 ریال به ازاء یک رأس گاو در سال محاسبه گردید. در همه‌ی سیستم های تولیدی مورد بررسی بیش ترین درآمد مربوط به درآمد حاصل از فروش شیر و کم ترین مربوط به تلیسه حذفی بود. هم چنین مشخص گردید که از کل هزینه های متغیر هزینه تغذیه بیش ترین سهم را دارا می باشد. از بین هزینه های غیر تغذیه ای هزینه نیروی انسانی مهم ترین عامل در افزایش هزینه بود. نتایج حاصل از تست حساسیت نشان داد که ضرایب اقتصادی، بیش ترین حساسیت را نسبت به تغییر قیمت خوراک و وزن زنده و کم ترین حساسیت را به نوسانات قیمت شیر و چربی دارد. هم چنین نتایج نشان داد که بیماری‌های دام و کمبود واکسن و داروها مهم ترین عامل به وجود آورنده ریسک در یک واحد گاوداری و مشکلات حمل و نقل شیر و تغییر در شرایط بیمه دام‌ها کم اهمیت‌ترین عامل به وجود آورنده ریسک هستند، بنابراین مهم ترین ریسک‌های موجود در دامداری‌ها ریسک‌های مربوط به تولید و نیروی انسانی است. هم چنین مهم ترین ریسک‌های تهدید کننده عوامل طبیعی به ترتیب شامل استرس گرما و سرما و خشکسالی می باشد. بررسی اقتصادی سامانه تولید باعث شناسایی بهتر موقعیت واحدها و افزایش سطح آگاهی سیاست‌گذاران و برنامه ­ریزان بخش دامی و نیز سرمایه‌گذاران این نوع فعالیت‌ها در جهت تصمیم ­گیری اصولی و یا رفع مشکلات موجود می‌گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Economic analysis of dairy cattle production system with emphasis on risk in livestock of Cities of Ardabil province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Shahin Yousefi 1
  • Reza Seyedsharifi 1
  • Nemat Hedayat Evrigh 1
  • Jamal Seifdavati 1
  • Azade Boustan 2
1 Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Mohaghegh Ardabili University, Ardabil, Iran
2 Department of Animal Science, Moghan Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Mohaghegh Ardabili University, Ardabil, Iran
چکیده [English]

The most appropriate way to maximize profitability through breeding is to use economic coefficients of traits along with genetic evaluation. The purpose of this study was to estimate the economic coefficients of production, reproductive, performance and risk traits in farms in Ardabil, Khalkhal, Nir and Germi counties based on the collected data and market conditions in 1400, using a bio-economic model. The economic coefficient of the traits was calculated using MATLAB software with a unit change in the mean of the desired trait if other traits remain constant in their mean. The studied traits included milk production, milk fat, calving interval, production lifespan, daily weight gain before and after weaning, birth weight, adult body weight, survival rate before and after weaning. The economic coefficients for Ardabil city are 15501/17, 556278, -78829/41, 18325/85, 607695/31, 1984509/5, 47849/36, -34521/69, 676066/77, 3174287/11 Rials, respectively. Khalkhal city 12154/83, 555009/65, -156539/61, 17409/81, 1058103/07, 3480949/26, 83976/43, -43347/37, 3814230/34, 6371210/65 Rials, for Nir city 15281/13, 490212/7,-128232/97, 64858/19, 898225/59,2932385/16,70725/61,-49044/99,2503282/56 5036932/8 Rials and for Germi city 27118/6, 448803/94, -130308/28, 15699/58,908827/54,2990291/35,72192/17,-54554/8,3024142/99,5006904/32 Rials per cow per year were calculated in all production systems The highest income was related to milk sales and the lowest was related to elimination heifers. It was also found that the cost of nutrition has the largest share of the total variable costs. Among non-nutritional costs, manpower costs were the most important factor in increasing costs. The results of the sensitivity test showed that economic coefficients are the most sensitive to changes in feed and live weight prices and the least sensitive to fluctuations in milk and fat prices. The results also showed that livestock diseases and lack of vaccines and drugs are the most important risk factors in a livestock unit and problems with milk transportation and changes in livestock insurance conditions are the least important risk factors, so the most important risks In livestock, there are risks related to production and manpower. Also, the most important risks threatening natural factors include heat and cold stress and drought, respectively. The economic review of the production system causes a better identification of the position of the units and increases the level of awareness of the policy makers and planners of the livestock sector as well as the investors of these types of activities in order to make fundamental decisions or solve the existing problems.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Economic coefficient
  • production traits
  • reproductive traits
  • performance traits
  • bioeconomic model
  • risk
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