تبارشناسی، کلید شناسایی، پراکنش و وضعیت حفاظتی اعضای جنس Chondrostoma Agassiz, 1832 (Actinopterygii; Leuciscidae ) در ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه شیلات، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

2 گروه شیلات، واحد بابل، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بابل، ایران

10.22034/aej.2021.317122.2694

چکیده

کپورماهیان پوزه‌دار Chondrostoma یکی از جنس‌های خانواده کپورماهیان سرمخروطی Leuciscidae است. اعضای این جنس در ایران از لحاظ تبارشناسی چندان مورد مطالعه قرار نگرفته اند. خلال سال‌های 1400-1392 از حوضه‌های آبریز کاسپین، تیگریس، اصفهان و کر نمونه برداری انجام شد. برای ترسیم نقشه پراکنش اعضای این جنس در نرم افزار ArcMap 10.7 استفاده شد. برای ارزیابی وضعیت حفاظتی از نسخه 3/1 فهرست سرخ IUCN و نرم افزار GeoCAT استفاده شد. ژن Cytb نمونه ها با استفاده از دستگاه ترموسایکلر تکثیر و پس از خالص سازی توالی یابی شد. درخت تبارشناسی با استفاده از نرم‌افزار‌ Mrbayes و RaxML ترسیم شد. در 87 ایستگاه از حوضه‌های آبریز تیگریس، اصفهان و کاسپین اعضای جنس کپور پوزه‌دار یافت شدند. بر اساس ارزیابی فهرست IUCN گونه های C. cyri و C. regium در طبقه کم ترین تهدید و گونه‌های C. esmaeilii و C. orientale در طبقه در معرض انقراض قرار گرفتند. بیش ترین میزان فاصله ژنتیکی به میزان 4/74 بین دو گونه C. esmaeilii و C. cyri و کم ترین میزان فاصله ژنتیکی به مقدار 1/40 بین دو جمعیت C. regium در حوضه رود عاصی و تیگریس محاسبه شد. با توجه به نتایج ترسیم درخت‌ تبارشناسی در این مطالعه تک نیایی در جنس Chondrostoma به اثبات نرسید. با توجه به عدم حضور گونه های Squalius berak، Alburnus sellal در مکان مرجع کپور پوزه‌دار اسماعیلی و قرار گرفتن هاپلوتایپ‌های آن در کنار دیگر گونه های جنس Chondrostoma در درخت تبارشناسی فرضیه دو رگه بود آن رد گردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Phylogeny, identification key, distribution and conservation status of Chondrostoma Agassiz, 1832 (Actinopterygii؛ Leuciscidae) in Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Arash Jouladeh Roudbar 1
  • Saber Vatandoust 2
1 Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
2 Department of Fisheries, Babol Branch, Islamic Azad University, Babol, Iran
چکیده [English]

Chondrostoma is a genus of the family Leuciscidae. Members of this genus have not been studied in Iran. During the years 2013-2021, Chondrostoma samples were obtained from the Caspian, Tigris, Isfahan and Kor basins using electrofisher and gill net. ArcMap 10.7 were used to create distribution map of this genus. IUCN Red List criteria v. 3.1 and GeoCAT software were used to assess the conservation status. The Cytb gene of the samples was amplified using a thermocycler and sequenced after purification. The phylogeny tree of the studied samples were drawn by Mrbayes and RaxML. In 87 stations of Tigris, Isfahan and Caspian basins, members of the Chondrostoma genus were found. According to the IUCN Red List, C. cyri and C. regium were the Least Concern and C. esmaeilii and C. orientale were placed as Critically Endangered. The highest genetic distance of 4.74 were calculated between C. esmaeilii and C. cyri and the lowest genetic distance of 1.40 was calculated between the two populations of C. regium in Asi and Tigris River drainage. According to the results of phylogenetic tree, monophyly in the genus Chondrostoma were not proven. Due to the absence of Squalius berak and Alburnus sellal at the type locality of C. esmaeilii and its haplotypes next to other species of the genus Chondrostoma in the phylogenetic tree, the hybrid hypothesis is not approved.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Nase
  • Morphology
  • distribution
  • Endangered
  • IUCN Red List
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