بررسی اثرات اقلیم و اندازه گله بر صفات تولید مثلی در گاوداری‌های شیری کوچک استان فارس

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 شعبه شیراز موسسه تحقیقات واکسن و سرم‌سازی رازی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، شیراز، ایران

2 بخش تحقیقات علوم دامی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان فارس، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، شیراز، ایران

10.22034/aej.2022.333823.2776

چکیده

 عملکرد تولیدمثلی گاو شیری در کارائی گله و اقتصاد آن نقش اساسی دارد و برای ارزیابی آن شاخص‌هایی تعریف شده است. این شاخص‌ها می‌توانند تحت تأثیر شرایط مختلفی هم چون وضعیت آب و هوایی محل گاوداری و تراکم گله قرار گیرند. اگرچه تعداد زیادی از گاوهای شیری در استان فارس در گاوداری‌های کوچک نگه داری می‌شوند، اما اطلاعاتی در خصوص عملکرد تولیدمثلی آن ها در دسترس نیست، لذا شاخص‌های تولیدمثلی گاوداری‌های شیری کوچک استان فارس و اثرات اقلیم و اندازه گله بر آن ها بررسی شد. رخدادهای تولید مثلی 586 رأس گاو در گاوداری‌های منتخب در 3 اقلیم سرد، معتدل و گرم استان فارس در طول یک سال (از 1396 تا 1397) ثبت و با استفاده از آن ها شاخص‌های تولیدمثلی شامل طول مدت آبستنی بر حسب روز، دوره انتظار اختیاری (تعداد روزهای بین زایمان تا اولین تلقیح)، تعداد روزهای باز (فاصله زایمان تا تلقیح منجر به آبستنی)، فاصله گوساله‌زایی (تعداد روز بین دو گوساله‌زایی پشت سرهم) و تعداد تلقیح به‌ازای هر آبستنی محاسبه شد. هم چنین با محاسبه تعداد گوساله به ازای تعداد گاوهای مولد هر گله (شامل تلیسه‌های آبستن وگاوهای دوشا و خشک) و تعداد کل دام موجود در گله، به ترتیب راندمان تولیدمثلی گاوهای مولد و کل گله به دست آمد. با استفاده از جداول تجزیه واریانس اثرات اقلیم، اندازه گله و برهمکنش آن ها بر شاخص‌های محاسبه شده مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. میانگین±انحراف معیار طول دوره آبستنی، دوره انتظاراختیاری، روزهای باز و فاصله گوساله‌زایی به ترتیب 4.70±278.97، 20.12±83.62، 30.04±104.35و 30.73±383.34 روز و تعداد تلقیح برای هر آبستنی، 0.71±1.56 بار محاسبه شد. دوره آبستنی، دوره انتظار اختیاری و فاصله گوساله‌زایی در مناطق گرم استان به شکل معنی‌داری (0.05>P) بیش تر از مناطق سرد بود. اندازه گله به تنهایی تأثیری بر شاخص‌ها نداشت اما در تداخل با اقلیم، اختلاف معنی‌داری در دوره انتظار اختیاری، روزهای باز و فاصله گوساله زایی در گاوداری‌های با تراکم 15 تا 21 رأس بین اقلیم سرد و گرم مشاهده شد. میانگین±انحراف معیار راندمان تولیدمثلی گاوهای مولد و کل گله در گاوداری‌های روستایی استان به ترتیب 21.27±54.32 و 19.30±38.20 درصد به دست آمد که اندازه گله و اقلیم‌ تأثیر معنی‌داری بر آن نداشت. بر خلاف اقلیم، اندازه گله تاثیری بر شاخص‌های عملکرد تولیدمثلی گاوداری‌های کوچک استان فارس ندارد و اگرچه این شاخص‌ها در حد ایده‌آل نیستند اما از نتایج سایر تحقیقات انجام شده در کشور مطلوب‌تر می‌باشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effects of climate and herd size on reproductive traits in smallholder dairy cattle farms in Fars province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Majid Hashemi 1
  • Mohammad Javad Agah 2
  • Sayeed Mohammad Reza Hashemi 2
1 Shiraz Branch, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Shiraz, Iran
2 Animal Science Research Department, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Shiraz,, Iran
چکیده [English]

Reproductive performance of dairy cows plays an essential role in the efficiency of the herd and its economy, and indices have been defined to evaluate it. These indices can be affected by various conditions such as the climatic conditions and herd density. Although a large number of dairy cows in Fars province are kept in small farms, but information about their reproductive performance is not available. The purpose of this study was to assess reproductive traits in smallholder dairy farms in Fars province and investigate effects of climate and herd size on it. Reproductive events of 586 cows in selected farms in the cold, temperate and warm climates of Fars province which categorized base on herd size were recorded during one year (from 2017 to 2018) and using them, reproductive traits including the length of pregnancy, Voluntary waiting period (VWP), the numbers of open days (DO) calving interval (CI) and the numbers of service for each conception were calculated. Also, by calculating the number of calves per number of productive cows in herd (including pregnant heifers and dairy and dry cows) and the total number of cows in the herd, the reproductive efficiency of productive cows and the whole herd were calculated. Using analysis of variance tables, the effects of climate, herd size and their interaction on the calculated indices were investigated. The overall mean±standard deviation (SD) of the length of pregnancy, VWP, DO and CI were 278.97±4.70, 83.62±20.12, 104.35±30.04 and 383.34±30.73 days and the numbers of service for each conception was 1.56±0.71 times. The GL, VWP and CI differed significantly (p < 0.05) between warm and cold regions. The herd size alone was not influenced studied traits but in interaction with geographical regions, significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed in VWP, DO and CI between warm and cold regions in herd size 15-21 cows. Means±SD of reproductive efficacy were 54.32±21.27 and 38.20±19.30 % in productive and total cows, respectively, which were not significantly affected by climate and herd size. Unlike climate, herd size has no effect on reproductive performance indicators of small farms in Fars province and although these indicators are not ideal, but they are more desirable than the other reports from Iran.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Reproduction
  • Dairy cow
  • Smallholder farm
  • climate
  • herd size

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فصلنامه محیط زیست جانوری
دوره 15، شماره 1
خرداد 1402
صفحه 51-58

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