میزان صید در واحد تلاش صیادی و ترکیب صید ضمنی قایق های ترالر میگو در استان بوشهر (مند و دیر – نخیلو)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه شیلات، دانشکده علوم و فنون دریایی، دانشگاه هرمزگان، بندرعباس، ایران

2 هسته پژوهشی مدیریت شیلات و توسعه پایدار اکوسیستم دریایی، معاونت پژوهش و فناوری دانشگاه هرمزگان، بندرعباس، ایران

3 موسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات و آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

10.22034/aej.2022.338692.2791

چکیده

این پژوهش باهدف مطالعه تعیین میزان صید در واحد تلاش گونه های هدف و غیرهدف و تعیین ترکیب صید ضمنی در ترال های قایقی مورد استفاده در آب های ساحلی مند و دیر – نخیلو در استان بوشهر صورت پذیرفت. عملیات میدانی در طی سال‌های 1399 (13 مرداد تا 15 بهمن) و 1400 (11 فروردین تا 9 شهریور) انجام شد. در طول تحقیق از قایق صیادی 27 فوت با قدرت موتور 115 اسب بخار استفاده گردید. تور ترال به کار گرفته‌شده از جنس پلی آمید (PA) بود. عملیات نمونه‌برداری طی 32 مرحله تورکشی صورت پذیرفت. در طی این مطالعه میزان صید در واحد تلاش، نسبت صید ضمنی به گونه هدف و میزان صید ضمنی محاسبه گردید. بیش ترین درصد فراوانی میگوی Penaeus semisulcatus در منطقه مند در تیرماه 1400 (96/67 درصد)، بیش ترین درصد فراوانی میگوی Metapenaeus affinis در منطقه مند در مردادماه 1400 (21/74 درصد) و بیش ترین درصد فراوانی میگوی Parapenaeopsis stylifera در منطقه مند در تیرماه 1400 (63/75 درصد) ثبت شد. 37 گونه آبزی به‌عنوان ترکیب صید ضمنی درطی عملیات صیادی مشاهده گردید که گونه‌های حسون معمولی، کفشک زبان گاوی، خرچنگ آبی، چغوک رشته دار، عروس منقوط، کفشک راست رخ و هامور معمولی به‌طور دایم در ترکیب صید حضور داشتند. بیش ترین میزان تلاش صیادی میگو در منطقه مند (58 کیلوگرم بر ساعت) و کم ترین میزان آن در منطقه دیر-نخیلو (1 کیلوگرم بر ساعت) مشاهده شد. هم چنین نسبت صید ضمنی به گونه هدف (r) مقدار 2/32 بود و میزان وزن کل صید ضمنی در طول فصل صید مقدار 1478/96 کیلوگرم به دست آمد. نتایج حاصل از این تحقیق بیانگر فشار زیاد صیادی روی گونه‌های تجاری و غیرتجاری در این منطقه می‌باشد و می‌تواند در جهت ارزیابی خسارات ناشی از تورهای ترال میگو بر روی ذخایر ماهیان و در مدل‌های ارزیابی ریسک اکولوژیکی مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. به‌علاوه، یافته‌های حاصل از این پژوهش نشان می‌دهد حذف برخی از گونه‌ها که به‌صورت دائم در ترکیب صید قرار داشته‌اند با توجه به جایگاه آن ها در زنجیره غذائی می‌تواند باعث طولانی‌تر شدن زنجیره غذائی گردیده و علاوه بر کاهش مقاومت شبکه غذائی زیست‌بوم، کاهش راندمان اکولوژیکی و بالطبع کاهش برد زیستگاهی گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Catch per unit effort and bycatch composition of shrimp trawler boats in Bushehr province (Mond and Dayyer-Nakhiloo)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Khosrow Darvishi 1
  • Ehsan Kamrani 1 2
  • Mohsen Safaei 1
  • Moslem Daliri 1 2
  • Fereidoon Owfi 3
1 Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
2 Research Department of Fisheries management and sustainable development of marine ecosystem, Vice chancellor for research and technology of University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
3 Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

This study aimed to investigate the catch per unit effort of target and non-target species and to determine the bycatch composition in boat trawlers used in Mond and Dayyer-Nakhiloo coastal waters in Bushehr province. Field operations were carried out during the years 2020 (13 August to 15 February) and 2021 (11 April to 9 September). During the research, a 27-foot fishing boat with a 200 hp engine was used. The trawl net used was made of polyamide (PA). The sampling operation was performed in 32 steps. During this study, the amount of catch per unit effort, the ratio of by-catch to the target species, and the amount of by-catch were calculated. The highest frequency of Penaeus semisulcatus in July 2021 (96.67%), the highest frequency of Metapenaeus affinis in August 2021 (21.74%), and the highest frequency of Parapenaeopsis stylifera in July 2021 (63.75%) were recorded in Mond. 37 aquatic species were observed as a bycatch composition during fishing operations. Species including Saurida tumbil, Cynoglossus arel, Portunus segnis, Gerres filamentosus, Drepane punctata, Solea elongata, and Epinephelus coioides were permanently present in the catch composition. The highest rate of shrimp fishing effort was observed in the Mond region (58 kg/h) and the lowest rate was observed in the Dayyer-Nakhiloo (1 kg/h). Also, the ratio of by-catch to target (r) was 2.32 and the weight of by-catch during the fishing season was 1478.96 kg. The results indicate high fishing pressure on commercial and non-commercial species in this area and can be used to assess the damage caused by shrimp trawl nets on fish stocks in ecological risk assessment models. In addition, the findings showed that the deletion of some species can make the food chain longer due to their role in the food chain and reduce the resistance of the ecosystem food web, and ecological and habitat efficiency.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Fishing Effort؛ Shrimp؛ By-Catch؛ Trawl؛ Mond؛ Dayyer-Nakhiloo
  • Persian Gulf

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فصلنامه محیط زیست جانوری
دوره 15، شماره 1
خرداد 1402
صفحه 183-190

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