بررسی مطلوبیت زیستگاه و اثر پارامترهای فیزیکی بر پورپویز پوزه پهن (Neophocaena phocaenoides) در تالاب خورخوران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان)، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اصفهان، ایران

2 گروه محیط زیست، مرکز تحقیقات پسماند و پساب، واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان)، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اصفهان، ایران

3 گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده علوم پایه، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران

10.22034/aej.2022.338950.2793

چکیده

شناسایی زیستگاه‌های مطلوب پستانداران دریایی یکی از الزامات تدوین طرح‌های حفاظت از اکوسیستم‌های ساحلی در جنوب ایران است. پورپویز پوزه‌پهن (Neophocaena phocaenoides) بر اساس مشاهده مستقیم و تصادفی از اواخر پاییز تا اواخر زمستان 1399 در منطقه‌ای به وسعت 41500 هکتار در خورخوران جمع آوری گردید. نقشه عمق منطقه با استفاده از مدل نسبت لگاریتم با ضریب تشخیص 0/784 تهیه و به همراه شیب بستر، عرض کانال، میانگین عمق و عرض کانال، طول کانال، نسبت عرض کانال و نسبت عمق کانال (نسبت به کانال های متصل به آن) به عنوان متغیرهای پیش‌بینی کننده به مدل Maxent وارد شدند. نقشه مطلوبیت زیستگاه پورپویز با میانگین مقدار سطح زیر منحنی 0/887 برای داده‌های آموزشی و 0/832 برای داده‌های تست تولید شد. بر اساس نتایج آزمون جک‌نایف، عمق با منحنی پاسخ S-شکل بیش ترین سهم (50/23 درصد) را در پیش‌بینی زیستگاه‌های مناسب پورپویز داشت. مطلوبیت زیستگاه پورپویز پوزه‌پهن با افزایش عمق و میانگین عمق کانال افزایش یافت حال آن که احتمال حضور این گونه با افزایش شیب، عرض کانال، میانگین عرض کانال و طول کانال روند کاهشی را نشان داد. دو متغیر نسبت عرض کانال و نسبت عمق کانال نیز تاثیری در احتمال حضور پورپویز نشان ندادند. هم چنین وسعتی برابر با 4400 هکتار (معادل 10/6 درصد از کل منطقه) به عنوان زیستگاه‌های مطلوب بر اساس حد آستانه‌ بیشینه مقدار مجموع احتمال شناسایی شد. به صورت کلی، نواحی عمیق خورخوران را می‌توان به عنوان زیستگاه‌های مناسب پورپویز در نظر گرفت. از آن جا که این نواحی درصد کمی از منطقه مورد مطالعه را به خود اختصاص می‌دهند و ماهیگیری تجاری نیز در این نواحی عمیق بیش از نواحی کم عمق منطقه صورت می‌گیرد، لزوم حفاظت بیش تر از نواحی عمیق خور و کاهش تضادهای منتج از بهره‌برداری منابع برای اطمینان از بقای بلندمدت پورپویز در منطقه به شدت احساس می‌شود. بنابراین لازم است تا طرح‌های حفاظت از پورپویز در خورخوران بر نواحی عمیق و تلاش برای کاهش تضاد آن با انسان در آن نواحی متمرکز شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Habitat suitability and the effect of physical parameters on Finless Porpoise (Neophocaena phocaenoides) in the Khorkhoran wetland

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Mahdi Beiki 1
  • Atefeh Chamani 2
  • Bahareh Lorestani 3
1 Environmental Science Department, Agriculture and Natural Resources Faculty, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
2 Environmental Science Department, Waste and Wastewater Research Center, Isfahan (Khorasgan)Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
3 Department of Environment, College of Basic Sciences, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Identification of the marine mammals’ suitable habitats is one of the requirements for coastal ecosystem conservation plans in southern Iran. A total of 42 points of Finless Porpoise (Neophocaena phocaenoides) presence were collected based on direct and random observation from late autumn to late winter of 2021. Depth map was created using a logarithm ratio model with a coefficient of determination of 0.784 and along with bed slope, channel width, average channel depth and width, channel length, channel width ratio and channel depth ratio (relative to the channels connected to it) were submitted into the Maxent model as predictor variables. The porpoise habitat suitability map was produced with an area under the curve of 0.887 for training and 0.832 for test data. According to the results of the Jackknife test, depth with an S-shaped response curve had the largest contribution (50.23%) to predicting suitable habitats of the porpoise. The suitability of the porpoise habitats increased with increasing depth and average channel depth, while the probability of the species' presence decreased with increasing slope, channel width, average channel width and channel length. The two variables of channel width ratio and channel depth ratio had insignificant effects on the probability of the species' presence. Moreover, an area of 4400 ha (10.6% of the total area) was identified as suitable habitat. Since these areas cover a small percentage of the study region and commercial fishing is performed more in such deep areas than the shallow waters, it is important to protect deep waters and reduce the resulting conflicts of interest with humans, thus ensuring the long-term survival of porpoise in the region. Therefore, it is necessary to outline porpoise conservation projects in deep areas and focus on efforts aiming to alleviate conflict with humans.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Maxent
  • Marine mammals
  • Bed depth
  • Harra biosphere reserve
  • Neophocaena phocaenoides
  • Khorkhoran wetland

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فصلنامه محیط زیست جانوری
دوره 15، شماره 1
خرداد 1402
صفحه 43-50

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