اثر افزودن عصاره هیدروالکلی بادرنجبویه (Melissa officinalis) به رژیم غذایی بر توسعه غدد هیپوفارنژیال، تولید عسل و رشدکلنی های زنبورعسل (Apis mellifera)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده علوم دامی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

2 گروه علوم دامی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

3 شرکت دانش بنیان اکسیر فراوران سبلان، پارک علم وفناوری، اردبیل، ایران

10.22034/aej.2022.331022.2764

چکیده

این تحقیق به‌منظور بررسی اثر تغذیه‌ای عصاره‌ هیدروالکلی بادرنجبویه بر صفات فیزیولوژیکی و عملکردی کلنی‌های زنبورعسل انجام گرفت. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل گروه شاهد و گروه‌های تغذیه‌شده با یک، دو و سه درصد عصاره بادرنجبویه بودند. در شروع آزمایش از کلنی‌هایی با جمعیت و ذخایر یکسان و ملکه‌های هم‌سن خواهری استفاده شدند. در این آزمایش تغذیه کلنی‌ها با عصاره بادرنجبویه به‌صورت یک روز در میان انجام شد و بعد از تغذیه کلنی‌ها با تیمارهای آزمایشی به مدت یک ماه، پارامترهای ازقبیل جمعیت، میزان تخم‌گذاری ملکه، سطح پرورش نوزادان، میزان تولید عسل و رشد و نمو غدد هیپوفارنژیال اندازه‌گیری شدند. اندازه‌گیری سطح پرورش نوزادان و میزان تخم‌گذاری ملکه به‌وسیله قاب مشبک ( 5×5 سانتی‌متر مربع) انجام شد. اندازه‌گیری میزان جمعیت زنبورهای بالغ به‌صورت قابی و 30 روز بعد از تغذیه کلنی‌ها انجام شد. برای بررسی رشد و نمو غدد هیپوفارنژیال، طول و عرض 10 آسینی از قسمت‌های مختلف غده برای سنین 3، 6، 9، 12و 15 روزگی در زیر استریومیکروسکوپ و توسط نرم‌افزار (T‌ Capture) اندازه‌گیری شد. این آزمایش در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 4 تکرار انجام شد. تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SAS و رویه GLM و مقایسه میانگین‌ها با استفاده از آزمون دانکن در سطح احتمال 5 درصد انجام شد. نتایج این تحقیق نشان می‌دهد که در سطح پرورش نوزادان کلنی‌های تغذیه‌شده با 2 درصد عصاره بادرنجبویه در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد از نظر آماری افزایش معنی‌داری داشتند. برای پارامتر‌های جمعیت، میزان تخم‌گذاری ملکه و میزان تولید عسل اختلاف معنی داری بین تیمار‌های آزمایشی مشاهده نشد ولی تیمار 2 درصد عصاره بادرنجبویه هرچند از لحاظ آماری تاثیر معنی‌دار نداشت ولی از لحاظ عددی تاثیر بهتری گذاشته بود. بیش ترین رشد سطح آسینی در 3 روزگی (0/0417 میلی‌متر مربع) برای زنبورهای تغذیه شده با 2 درصد عصاره بادرنجبویه بود (0/05>P). هم چنین در رشد غدد هیپوفارنژیال در زمان‌‌های مختلف برای هرکدام از تیمار‌ها اختلاف آماری معنی‌داری وجود داشت. به طور کلی می‌توان گفت که افزودن 2 درصد عصاره بادرنجبویه به عنوان مکمل تغذیه‌ای به کلنی‌های زنبور‌عسل توصیه می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of adding hydroalcoholic extract of Melissa officinalis to the diet on the development of hypopharyngeal glands, honey production and growth of honey bee colonies (Apis mellifera)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Roghayeh Shahbazade 1
  • Yousef Jafari Ahangari 1
  • Hossein Mohebodini 2
  • Behrouz Dastar 1
  • Reza Ashrafi Parchin 3
1 Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
2 Department of Animal Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
3 Excir Faravaran Sabalan Company, Science and Technology Park, Ardabil, Iran
چکیده [English]

This study was performed to investigate the nutritional effect of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) hydroalcoholic extract on physiological and performance of honey bee colonies. Experimental treatments included control group and groups fed with one, two and three percent of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) extract. At the beginning of the experiment, colonies were used with the same population and reserves and homosexual queens. In this experiment, the colonies were fed with lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) extract every other day and after feeding the colonies with experimental treatments for one month, were measured parameters such as population, queen egg laying, brood rearing, honey production and development of the hypopharyngeal glands. Brood rearing and queen egg laying were measured by Lattice frame (size of the squares are 5×5 cm2) .The population of adult honey bee was measured by frame and 30 days after feeding the colonies. To investigate development of the hypopharyngeal glands, length and width of 10 acini from different parts of the gland for age 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 days were measured using a stereomicroscope and by software (T Capture).This experiment was performed in a completely randomized design with 4 replications. Data were analyzed using SAS software and GLM procedure and means were compared using Duncan test at 5% probability level. The results of this study show that at the level of brood rearing, colonies fed with 2% lemon balm extract had a statistically significant increase compared to the control treatment. For population, queen egg laying and honey production parameters, no significant difference was observed between the experimental treatments, but the 2% treatment of lemon balm extract, although not statistically significant, had a better effect numerically. The highest growth of acini level at 3 days (0.0417 mm2) was for honey bees fed with 2% lemon balm extract (P<0.05).There is also a statistically significant difference in the growth of hypopharyngeal glands at different times for each of the treatments. In general, it can be said that adding 2% of lemon balm extract is recommended as a nutritional supplement to honey bee colonies.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Melissa officinalis extract
  • Honey bee
  • Hypopharyngeal glands
  • Performance
  • Production

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فصلنامه محیط زیست جانوری
دوره 14، شماره 4
بهمن 1401
صفحه 317-324

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