تعیین نیاز انرژی قابل متابولیسم، کیفیت و نیاز علوفه روزانه در شرایط نگه داری برای گوسفندان چرا کننده در منطقه حفاظت شده استرکلک و ملک چشمه (مطالعه: پارک ملی لار)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد ورامین-پیشوا، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ورامین، ایران

2 گروه علوم دامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

10.22034/aej.2022.331330.2765

چکیده

این تحقیق در یکی از مراتع پارک ملی لار، منطقه استر کلک و ملک چشمه (3176 هکتار) جهت برآورد مقدار انرژی قابل متابولیسم و نیاز روزانه دام انجام شد. در این منطقه سه گله که دارای دام غالب نژاد زندی می باشد انتخاب و از هر گله به طور تصادفی 60 رأس دام شامل 20 رأس میش 3 ساله، 20 رأس میش 4 ساله، 5 رأس قوچ 3 ساله، 5 رأس قوچ 4 ساله، 10 رأس بره سه ماهه‌ در دو مرحله ابتدا و انتهای فصل چرا علامت گذاری و توزین شدند. در منطقه مورد مطالعه، ابتدا نقشه توپوگرافی با مقیاس1:25000 تهیه و محل پلات ها به صورت تصادفی در روی نقشه و سپس مرتع تعیین گردید. در داخل هر پلات کلیه گیاهان قابل چرای دام شناسایی و با توجه به اندازه و ارتفاع، از یک سانتی متری سطح خاک برداشت گردید. گونه‌های علوفه مورد چرای گوسفندان در مرحله گل‌دهی در این مرتع شناسایی و جمع‌آوری (41 گونه گیاهی) شد. با استفاده از میانگین وزن میش‌های 3 و 4 ساله، میانگین وزن گوسفند چرا کننده در منطقه مورد مطالعه برابر با 2/44±48/54 کیلوگرم برآورد گردید. میانگین درصد CP ،ADF ،DMD و میزان ME در هر کیلوگرم علوفه خشک مرتع به ترتیب برابر با 12/18، 37/54، 57/74 و 7/81 مگاژول تعیین شد. انرژی قابل متابولیسم روزانه برای حالت نگه داری برای وزن معادل واحد دامی در این مرتع برابر با 10/29مگاژول در روز و نیاز روزانه آن بر اساس ماده خشک مصرفی با توجه به کیفیت علوفه برابر با 1/31 کیلوگرم برآورد گردید. با استفاده از نتایج این مطالعه می توان ظرفیت چرای جدید برای این مرتع تعیین کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Determination of Metabolizable Energy Requirement , Quality and Daily Requirement of Forage in Maintenance condition for Grazing Sheep in Protected area of Estarkolak and Malek Cheshmeh (Study: Lar National Park)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hadi Mansourikhah 1
  • Mohammad Chamani 2
  • Naser Karimi 1
  • Ghobad Asgari Jafarabadi 1
  • Kazem Karimi 1
1 Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Iran
2 Department of Animal Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

This study, was conducted in one of the rangeland of Lar National Park, Estarkolak and Malek Cheshmeh area (3176 hectares) to estimate the amount of metabolizable energy and daily requirement of animal. In this research, to determine the weight of various classes of Zandi sheep grazing in the Lar National Park rangelands of Estarkolak and Malek Cheshmeh region, three prevalent flocks of Zandi race were selected randomly and from each flock, 60 heads of animals including 20 heads of ewe ageing 3 years old, 20 heads of ewe aging 4 years old, 5 heads of ram aging 3 years old, 5 heads of ram aging 4 years old and 10 heads of lamb aging 3 months were signed and selected in two phases, one at the beginning of the season and the other at the end of season. In the study area, first a topographic map with a scale of 1: 25000 was prepared and the location of the plots was randomly determined on the map and then the rangeland. Inside each plot, all grazable animal plants were identified and according to the size and height, one centimeter of soil surface was harvested. The forage species grazed by sheep at the flowering stage were identified and collected in this rangeland (41 plant species). Having utilized the mean weight of ewes aging 3 and 4 years, the weight of the sheep glazing in the studied region was estimated to be equal to 48.54‌±2.44 kg. The forage species grazed by sheep at the flowering stage were identified and collected in this rangeland. The mean percentage of CP, ADF, DMD and the amount of ME in every kg of dry forage were determined 12.8, 37.54, 57.74 and 7.81 mega joule, respectively. Metabolizable energy and animal daily requirement based on dry matter in maintenance condition for animal unit equivalent of this rangeland were estimated 10.29 mega joule and 1.31 kg respectively. Using the results of this study, new grazing capacity can be determined for this rangeland.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Daily Requirement
  • Estarkolak and Malek Cheshmeh
  • Forage quality
  • Lar National Park
  • Metabolizable energy
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