سنجش آلودگی فلزات سنگین و سموم ارگانوفسفره تجمع یافته در دو نوع برنج و ارزیابی ریسک سرطان زایی و غیرسرطان زایی مربوطه برای کودکان و بزرگسالان در مزارع برنج شمال ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه محیط زیست، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

2 گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم دریایی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، نور، ایران

3 گروه علوم دریایی و شیلات، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

10.22034/aej.2022.335275.2781

چکیده

آلودگی محیط زیست به یکی از مشکلات اساسی جوامع امروزی تبدیل شده است به نحوی که علاوه بر اکوسیستم های طبیعی، سلامت انسان را نیز مورد مخاطره قرار داده است. بنابراین، در این مطالعه آلودگی فلزات سنگین و سموم ارگانوفسفره تجمع یافته در دو نوع متفاوت برنج مصرفی انسان سنجش شد. هم چنین ریسک سرطان زایی و غیر سرطان زایی مرتبط با این مواد سمی برای کودکان و بزرگسالان در مزارع برنج شمال ایران مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. به همین منظور تعداد 17 ایستگاه برای نمونه برداری از برنج مورد مصرف از مزارع موجود در استان مازندران در دو گروه کشت اول و دوم انتخاب گردید. نمونه های برنج پس از نمونه برداری برای سنجش سموم داخل فویل پیچیده شد و برای سنجش فلزات سنگین داخل پک های پلاستیکی قرار گرفت. سنجش فلزات سنگین با استفاده از دستگاه ICP-MS و سنجش سموم با استفاده از دستگاه GC-MS و سنجش جیوه با استفاده از اتوآنالایزر مخصوص جیوه انجام شد. شاخص های ریسک سرطان زایی و غیرسرطان زایی برای دو گروه کودکان و بزرگسالان در دو گروه کشت اول و دوم مورد ارزیابی و محاسبه قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که فلز نیکل و سرب بالاترین مقدار را در نمونه های جمع آوری شده به ترتیب در ایستگاه 14 به میزان 0/38 و در ایستگاه 6 به میزان 0/17 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم نشان داد. علاوه بر این فلزات سمی و سرطان زا آرسنیک، کادمیوم و جیوه به ترتیب در ایستگاه های 6، 5 و 6 مقادیر 0/094، 0/017 و 0/001 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم را نشان دادند. ایستگاه 1 و ایستگاه 2 به ترتیب دارای بیش ترین و کم ترین مقادیر دیازینون در محدوده 0/038 و 0/004 و کلروپریفوس به ترتیب بیش ترین و کم ترین مقادیر را در ایستگاه های 8 و 14 با مقادیر 0/019 و 0/001 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم نشان داد. ریسک غیر سرطان زایی کشت اول و دوم برای کودکان و بزرگسالان برای سموم بی خطر و برای فلز نیکل دارای بالاترین خطر بود. هم چنین مقادیر THQ خطر بالایی را برای مصرف کنندگان نشان داد. خطر سرطان زایی برای گروه های هدف در غلظت های مختلف کروم بالاترین مقدار و در کشت دوم برای گروه کودکان دارای سطوح پر خطر بود. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که برنج تولید شده در مزارع شمال ایران حاوی مقادیر مختلفی از سموم و فلزات سنگین است که دارای پتانسیل سرطان زایی و غیرسرطان زایی برای مصرف کنندگان می باشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Human health risk assessment and contamination of heavy metals and organophosphate pesticides accumulated in rice crop of northern Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahboubeh Nozari 1
  • Abbas Esmaili Sari 2
  • Ali Mashinchian Moradi 3
  • Nader Bahramifar 2
  • Lobat Taghavi 1
1 Department of Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Marine and Fisheries Sciences, Department of Marine and Fisheries Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Environmental pollution has become one of the main problems of today's societies in a way that in addition to natural ecosystems, it also endangers human health. Therefore, in this study, the contamination of heavy metals and organophosphate toxins accumulated in two different types of rice consumed by humans was measured. The risk of carcinogenicity and non-carcinogenicity associated with these toxins for children and adults in rice fields in northern Iran was also assessed. For this purpose, 17 stations were selected for sampling rice consumption from farms in Mazandaran province in the first and second cultivation groups. After sampling, rice samples were wrapped in foil to measure toxins and placed in plastic packs to measure heavy metals. Heavy metals were measured using ICP-MS and toxins were measured using GC-MS and mercury was measured using mercury autoanalyzer. Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk indices for both groups of children and adults in the first and second culture groups were evaluated and calculated. The results showed that nickel and lead showed the highest values in the collected samples at station 14 at 0.38 and at station 6 at 0.17 mg/kg, respectively. In addition, the toxic and carcinogenic metals arsenic, cadmium and mercury in stations 6, 5 and 6 showed values of 0.094, 0.017 and 0.001 mg/kg, respectively. Station 1 and Station 2 have the highest and lowest values of diazinon in the range of 0.038 and 0.004, respectively, and chloroprifus have the highest and lowest values in stations 8 and 14, respectively, in the range of 0.019 and 0.001 mg/kg. The non-carcinogenic risk of the first and second cultures was highest for children and adults for safe toxins and for nickel metal. THQ levels also showed a high risk for consumers. The risk of carcinogenicity for the target groups was highest in different concentrations of chromium and in the second group for children the group had high risk levels. The results of this study showed that rice produced in farms in northern Iran contains different amounts of toxins and heavy metals that have carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic potential for consumers.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Heavy metals
  • Organophosphate toxins
  • Human health risk assessment
  • Carcinogenic risk
  • Non-carcinogenic risk
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