تعیین بهترین سطح پاسخ در پارامترهای عملکردی جوجه‌های گوشتی تغذیه شده با سطوح مختلف آفلاتوکسین و اسید‌های آمینه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران

2 گروه کشاورزی و تغذیه، دانشگاه آلبرتا، ادمونتون، کانادا

3 گروه پژوهشی شترمرغ، پژوهشکده دام های خاص، پژوهشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران

10.22034/aej.2022.328112.2753

چکیده

آلودگی خوراک یا غذا به آفلاتوکسین B1، متابولیت ثانویه و سمی قارچ‌های آسپرژیلوس فلاووس و آسپرژیلوس پاراسیتوکوس، مشکل عمده اکثر نقاط دنیا، بخصوص کشورهای در حال توسعه می‌باشد. عواقب مضر حضور آفلاتوکسین در مواد غذایی موجب شده تا محققین به دنبال روش‌های ایمن، موثر و کارآمد برای مهار این سم، قبل از ورود به چرخه‌ی غذایی انسان باشند. این تحقیق با هدف بررسی اثرات اسیدهای آمینه گلایسین، گلوتامیک اسید و ان-استیل سیستئین بر عملکرد رشد جوجه‌های گوشتی تحت آفلاتوکسیکوزیس و تعیین سطح مناسب این اسید آمینه‌ها انجام شد. از 680 قطعه جوجه گوشتی راس 308 در 17 گروه آزمایشی با تغذیه 5 سطح متفاوت اسیدهای آمینه گلایسین، گلوتامیک اسید، ان-استیل سیستئین و سم آفلاتوکسین با 4 تکرار و هر تکرار شامل 10 قطعه جوجه استفاده شد. صفات عملکردی شامل مصرف خوراک، افزایش وزن بدن و ضریب تبدیل خوراک بودند که به صورت هفتگی از سن یک تا 21 روزگی اندازه گیری شد. نتایج صفات عملکردی با استفاده از مدل روش‌شناسی سطح پاسخ و با استفاده از طرح مرکب مرکزی مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. نتایج طرح مرکب مرکزی با مدل رگرسیون درجه دو که دارای بیشترین مقادیر R2 بود تطابق بیشتر و معنی‌داری را در جوجه‌های گوشتی داشت. نتایج مطالعه حاضر اثرات منفی آفلاتوکسین بر صفات مصرف خوراک و افزایش وزن بدن را نشان داد که این خود باعث افزایش ضریب تبدیل خوراک شد. هم چنین نتایج نشان داد که افزودن اسیدآمینه‌های گلایسین، گلوتامیک اسید و ان-استیل سیستئین به جیره موجب تعدیل اثرات منفی آفلاتوکسین شد. مکمل‌سازی جیره با سه اسیدآمینه گلایسین، گلوتامیک اسید و ان-استیل سیستئین به عنوان پیش سازهای اصلی گلوتاتیون می‌توانند از طریق بهبود سیستم آنتی‌اکسیدانی موجب کاهش اثرات منفی آفلاتوکسین بر پارامترهای عملکردی جوجه‌های گوشتی شوند. هم چنین، استفاده از روش‌شناسی سطح پاسخ با فراهم آوردن اطلاعات آماری و گرافیکی مناسب از توانایی بالایی در جهت تشخیص مدل برتر و تعیین سطح بهینه این اسیدهای آمینه در جیره آلوده به آفلاتوکسین برخوردار است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Determining the best response level of performance parameters in broilers fed with different levels of aflatoxins and amino acids

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hadi Pajouhanfar 1
  • Farzad Bagherzadeh Kasmani 1
  • Mehran Mehri 1
  • Mohammad Kamely 2
  • Hadi Faraji Arough 3
1 Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
2 Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
3 Department of Ostrich, Special Domestic Animals Institute, Research Institute of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
چکیده [English]

Food or feed contamination with aflatoxin B1, which is a secondary and toxic metabolite of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus, is a major problem in most parts of the world, especially in developing countries. Harmful consequences of the presence of aflatoxins in food encouraged the researchers to find the safe, effective and efficient procedures to control this toxin prior to entering the human food chains. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the amino acids glycine, glutamic acid and N-acetylcysteine on the growth performance of broilers under aflatoxicosis, and to determine optimum level of these amino acids. 690 Ross 308 broilers in 17 experimental groups were fed with feeding 5 different levels of amino acids of glycine, glutamic acid, N-acetylcysteine and Aflatoxin with 4 replications and each replication included 10 chickens. Performance traits including feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio were measured weekly from one to 21 days of age. The results of performance traits were analyzed using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) model and the central composite design. The results of the central composite design were more consistent and significant in broiler chickens with the quadratic regression model which had the highest values of R2. The results of the present study showed the negative effects of aflatoxin on feed intake and body weight gain, which in turn increased the feed conversion ratio. The results also showed that supplementation of glycine, glutamic acid, N-acetylcysteine amino acids to the diet moderated the negative effects of aflatoxin B1. Dietary supplementation with three amino acids glycine, glutamic acid and N-acetylcysteine as the main precursors of glutathione can reduce the negative effects of aflatoxin on the performance parameters of broilers by improving the antioxidant system. Also, using the response level methodology by providing appropriate statistical and graphical information has a high ability to identify the superior model and determine the optimal level of these amino acids in the diet contaminated with aflatoxin.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Aflatoxin
  • Amino acids
  • Broiler
  • Central Composite Design
  • Growth performance

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فصلنامه محیط زیست جانوری
دوره 14، شماره 4
بهمن 1401
صفحه 333-344

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