تعیین ارزش غذایی محتویات شکمبه‌ای عمل‌آوری شده با اوره و ملاس با استفاده از روش کیسه‌های نایلونی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی و دامپزشکی، واحد شبستر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شبستر، ایران

2 بخش پژوهش‌های تغذیه دام و طیور، موسسه تحقیقات علوم دامی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

10.22034/aej.2022.357361.2868

چکیده

با افزایش جمعیت، نیاز به منابع پروتیین حیوانی باکیفیت افزایش‌ می‌یابد. استفاده از ضایعات کشاورزی و پسماندهای زیستی در تغذیه دام راه‌حل مناسبی برای کاهش هزینه‌ها و افزایش سودآوری است. هدف از این پژوهش، مطالعه اثر مدت‌زمان تخمیر و فرآوری محتویات شکمبه با ملاس و اوره بر تجزیه‌پذیری شکمبه‌ای با استفاده از روش کیسه‌های نایلونی بود. تجزیه‌پذیری ماده خشک محتویات شکمبه فرآوری شده با 4 درصد اوره و ملاس در طی یک و چهار روز تخمیر با استفاده از سه رأس گاو نر تالشی کانوله گذاری شده در شکمبه با روش کیسه‌های نایلونی در ساعت‌های مختلف انکوباسیون، تعیین شد. نتایج نشان داد که تجزیه‌پذیری محتویات شکمبه درنهایت به حدود 57 درصد رسید و زمان تخمیر کردن توده سیلو تأثیر چندانی در بهبود تجزیه‌پذیری نداشت ولی افزودن اوره به‌عنوان منبع نیتروژن باعث افزایش معنی‌دار تجزیه‌پذیری شد، هم‌چنین استفاده توأم از ملاس و اوره در سطح 4 درصد در بهبود تجزیه‌پذیری مؤثر بود، استفاده از اوره باعث افزایش معنی‌دار بخش محلول در آب‌ شد و استفاده توأم ملاس و اوره نیز همین تأثیر مشابه را در افزایش بخش محلول در آب داشت، استفاده از ملاس و اوره در سطح 4 درصد به‌طور معنی‌داری بخش کند قابل‌تجزیه را نیز افزایش داد و در کل پتانسیل تجزیه‌پذیری محتویات شکمبه فرآوری شده و تخمیر شده به‌ مدت چهار روزبه 76/07 افزایش‌ یافت. در ارتباط با سرعت عبور ملاحظه شد که افزودن اوره در شرایط تغذیه در حد احتیاجات نگه داری، سرعت عبور مواد خوراکی را افزایش می‌دهد ولی استفاده توأم اوره و ملاس تأثیری در سرعت عبور مواد خوراکی در شرایط تغذیه به میزان دو برابر احتیاجات نگه داری نداشت. به ‌نظر می‌رسد عمل‌آوری محتویات شکمبه با 4 درصد اوره باعث افزایش تجزیه‌پذیری مؤثر شده و استفاده توأم با ملاس، پتانسیل تجزیه‌پذیری را به‌طور معنی‌داری بهبود داده است، لذا با توجه به قیمت اوره و ملاس و تأثیر آن در بهبود و افزایش پتانسیل تجزیه‌پذیری می‌توان در عمل‌آوری و افزایش ارزش غذایی محتویات شکمبه استفاده کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Determining the nutritional value of rumen contents treated with urea and molasses using the nylon bag method

نویسندگان [English]

  • Shahram Safari Baesmat 1
  • Ramin Salamatdoust Nobar 1
  • Naser Maheri Sis 1
  • Amirreza Safaei 2
  • Abolfazl Gorbani 1
1 Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Shabestar branch, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar, Iran
2 Animal and Poultry Nutrition Research Department, Animal Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

As the population increases, the need for high-quality animal protein sources increases. Using agricultural waste and biological waste in animal feed is a good solution to reduce costs and increase profitability. The aim of this research was to study the effect of fermentation time and processing of rumen contents with molasses and urea on rumen degradability using nylon bag method. Dry matter degradability of rumen contents processed with 4% urea and molasses during one and four days of fermentation was determined using three Talshi bulls cannulated in the rumen with the nylon bag method at different hours of incubation. The results showed that the degradability of the rumen contents finally reached about 57% and the fermentation time of the silage mass did not have much effect on improving the degradability, but the addition of urea as a nitrogen source caused a significant increase in the degradability, as well as, the combined use of molasses and urea at the level of 4% was effective in increasing the degradability, the use of urea caused a significant increase in the water-soluble fraction (a), and the combined use of molasses and urea also had the same effect in increasing the water-soluble fraction, the use of molasses and urea at the level of 4% significantly increased the slowly degradable fraction (b) and the potential of degradability (a+b) for processed rumen contents and fermented for four days increased to 76.07 percent.In relation to the passage rate, it was observed that adding urea in feeding maintenance requirements conditions increases the passage rate of feeds, but the combined use of 4 percent urea and molasses did not affect the passage rate of feeds in feeding of twice the maintenance requirements. It seems that the processing of rumen contents with 4% urea has increased the effective degradability, and its use with molasses has significantly improved the degradability potential, therefore, considering the price of urea and molasses and its effect on improving and increasing the potential degradability can be used in processing and increasing the nutritional value of rumen contents.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Key words: Urea
  • Rumen degradability
  • Nylon bags
  • Rumen contents
  • Molasses

مراجع

  1. Schroeder, J.M., 1999. By products and regionally available aiternative feedstuffs for dairy cattle. Extension dairy specialist, NDSU Animal and Range Science NDSU Extensionservice. AS-1180.
  2. Moradi, M., Afzalzadeh, A., Behgar, M. and Norouzian, M., 2015. The effect of diets containing pistachio by products treated with electron irradiation, NaOH, and PEG on nutrients digestibility and performance of finishing Zandi lambs. Iranian journal of Animal Science Research. 7(3): 278-284. (In Persian)
  3. Poel, A.F., 2000. Handbook of poultry feed from Waste: Processing and Use, Springer.
  4. Sahoo, B., Saraswat, M.L., Haque, N. and Khan, M.Y., 2002. Influence of chemical treatment of wheat straw on carbon-nitrogen and energy balance in sheep. Small Ruminant Research. 44: 201-206.
  5. Moningkey, S., Junus, M., Sjofjan, O., Widodo, E., 2016. Nutritive value evaluation on rumen content and sludge fermented with cellulomonas sp. As rabbit feed. International Journal of Chemtech Research Coden (usa): Ijcrcg Issn: 0974-4290. 9(4): 650-656.
  6. Hue, K.T., Mui, N.T., Van, D.T.T., Binh, D.V. and Preston, T., 2003. Processing and utilizing rice straw as feed resource for sheep in north vietname, bavi. Professional, London/ Hueba vi:htm.
  7. Hung, L.V., Wanapat, M. and Cherdthong, A., 2013. Effects of Leucaena leaf pellet on bacterial diversity and microbial protein synthesis in swamp buffalo fed on rice straw. Livestock Science. 51: 188-197.
  8. Elfaki, O.A. and Khadiga, A., 2016. Rumen Content as Animal Feed. UK. J. Vet. Med. Animal. 7(2): 80-88.
  9.  AOAC. 1990. Official methods of analysis. Association of official analytical chemists. Virginia, USA: AOAC.
  10. VanSoest, P.J., Robertson, J.B. and Lewis, B.A., 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to Animalal Nutrition Journal. Dairy 74: 3583-3597.
  11. Givens, D.I., Owen, E., Oxford, R.F.E. and Omed, H.M., 2000. Forage evaluation ruminant nutrition. Published by CAB International. Wallingford. UK. 496 p.
  12. Chen, X.B., 1995. Fitcurve macro, IFRU, The Macaulay Institute, Aberdeen, UK.
  13. SAS. 2001. SAS for Windows Version 8.02, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA.
  14. Rahardjo, L., 2006. The use of gamblong and rumen content mixture in complete feed on goat. farm faculty of Animal husbandry Islamic Universitas malang.
  15. Odunsi, A. and blend, A., 2003. Of bovine blood and dried bovine rumen digesta as a replacement for fishmeal and groundnut cake in layer diets. International Journal of Poultry Science. 2: 58-61.
  16. Agbabiaka, L.A., Madubuike, F.N. and Amad,‌ A., 2012. Studies on nutrients and anti nutrients of rumen digesta from three most domesticated ruminants in Nigeria. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition. 11: 580-582.
  17. Cherdthong, A. and Wanapat, M., 2013. Manipulation of in vitro ruminal fermentation and digestibility by dried rumen digesta. Livest Sciences. 153:94-100.
  18. Soepraniano, N.D.O. and Koesno, T.O., 2012. Cows rumen content nutrition manipulation technology as livestock feed to increase the productivity and the quality of etawa crossbreed goats. Graduate Airlangge University, Surabaya, (online), Accessed on http//www.lib.unair.ac.id.5 maret.
  19. Yitbarek, M.B., Mersso, B.T. and Wosen, A.M., 2016. Effect of Dried Blood- Rumen content Mixture (DBRCM) on feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio and mortality rate of SASSO C44broiler chicks. Journal of Livestock Science. 7: 139-149.
  20. Rios-Rincon, F.G., Bermduez-Hurtado, R.M., Estrada-Angulo, A., Juarez-Reyes, A.S. and Pujol Manriquez, , 2010. Dried rumen contents as a substitute for alfalfa hay in growing finished diets for feedlot cattle. Journal Animal Vet Advances. 9(10): 1526-1530.
  21. Ghasemi, A., Nikkhah, A. and Kafilzadeh, F., 2016. Effect of saccharomyces servicii yeast (SC 47) on degradability, fermentation and rumen protozoa population of cows fed with two forage sources. Agricultural Sciences of Iran. 39(2): 334-337.
  22. Okpanachi, U., Aribido, S.O. and Daikwo, I.S., 2010. Growth and haematological response of growing rabbits to diets containing graded levels of sun-dried bovine rumen content. African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development. 10: 4444-4457.
  23. Sakaba, M.A., Abubakar, U.H., Harande, S.I., Isgogo, M.S and Maiyama, A., 2017. Proximate composition of rumen digesta from cattle slaughtered in zuru town. Animal Science. 2313: 5514,2312-9123.
  24. Sun, Y. and Cheng, J., 2002. Hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials for ethanol production: a review. Bioresource Technology. 83: 1-11.
  25. Roncero, M.B., Torres, A.L., Colom, J.F. and Vidal, T., 2003. TCF bleaching of wheat straw pulp using ozone and xylanase. Part A: Paper quality assessment. Bioresource Technology. 87: 305-314.
  26. Shatalov, A.A., Pereira, H. and Arundo, L., 2008. New perspectives for pulping and bleaching: Ozone-based TCF bleaching and organosolv pulps. Bioresource Technology. 99: 472-478.
  27. Iglesias, S.C., 2002. Degradation and biodegradability enhancement of nitrobenzene and 2,4-dichlorophenol by means of advanced oxidation processes based on ozone. PhD Thesis. Faculty of chemistry. University of Barcelona, Catalanes, Spain.
  28. Broderick, G.A. and Radloff, j., 2004. Effect of molasses sup-plementation on the production of lactating dairy cows fed diets based on alfalfa and corn silage. Journal Dairy Sciences. 87: 2997-3009.
  29. Oelker, E.R., Reveneau, C. and Firkins, J.L., 2009. Interaction of molasses and monensin in alfalfa hay-or corn silage-based diets on rumen fermentation, total Tract digestibility, and milk production by holstein cows. Journal Dairy Science. 92: 270-285.
  30. khodaparast, B., 2011. Determination of treated canola straw nutritivw value by nylon bags and gas production techniques. Master's thesis in animal science. Islamic Azad University Shabestar Branch.
  31. Sheikh, G.G., Sarkar, K.T., Ganai, A.M., Ahmad, H.A. and Islam, S., 2014. Effect of feeding urea molasses impregnated paddy straw on nutrient utilization, milk yield and economics of feeding in crossbred cows. Indian Journal of Animal Nutrition. 2: 152-155.
  32. Shen, H.S., Sundstol, F. and Ni, D., 1998. Studies on untreated and urea-treated rice straw from three cultivation seasons: 2. Evaluation of straw quality through in vitro gas production and in sacco degradation measurements. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 74: 193-212.
  33. Devendra, C., 1997. Crop residues for feeding animals in Asia: Technology development and adoption in crop/livestock systems. In: Renard, c. (ED). Crop Residuals in Sustainable Mixed Crop/Livestock Farming System. Cab International, Walling Ford, Uk.
  34. Chowdhury, S.A. and Huque, K.S., 1996. Study on the development of a technique for preserving strawunder wet conditions in bangl. Animal Science. 9: 91-99.
  35. Track, N.X. and Dan, C.X., 2001. Effect of treatment of rice straw with lime and/or urea on vesponses of growing cattle. Livestoch Research for Rural Develppment. 13(5): 1-9.
  36. VanSoest, P.J., 2006. Rice straw, the role of silica and treatments to improve quality. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 130: 137-171
  37. Djajanegara, A. and Doyle., M., 1989. Urea supplementation compared with pretreatment. Effects on intake, digestion and live-weight change by sheep fed a rice straw. Animal Feed Science and Technol. 27: 17-30.
  38. Schiere, J.B. and Ibrahim, M.N.M., 1989. Feeding of urea treated rice straw. Pudoc Wageningen. P: 125.
  39. Mgheni, D.M., Kimambo, A.E., Sundstol, F. and Madsen, J., 1993. Influence of urea treatment or supplementation on degradation, intake and growth performance of goats fed rice straw diets. Animal Feed Science and Technol. 44: 209-220.
  40. Sadeghi, K., Taghizadeh, A., Janmohammadi, H. and Moghadam, G., 2018. Effects of application of vegetable and mushroom waste on chemical composition and in situ degradability of rumen content in vermicompsting. Iranian Journal of Aanimal Science Research. 10(1): 11-22.
  41. Mousavi, G., Fatahnia, F., Mohammadzadeh, H. and Dosti, A.Z., 2013. Effect of treationg rice straw with urea on chemical composition and degradability using nylon bags method. Animal Science Research Journal. 24(1).
  42. Harris, P.J. and Hartley, R., 1980. Phenolic constituents of the cell walls of monocotyledons. Biochem System and Ecol. 8: 153-160.
  43. Dias-da-Silva, A. and Guedes, C., 1990. Variability in the nutritive value of straw cultivars of wheat, rye and triticale and response to urea treatment. Animal Feed Sciences and Technol. 28: 79-89.
  44. Goto, M., Yokoe, Y., Takabe, K., Nisikawa, S. and Morita, O., 1993. Effects of gaseous ammonia on chemical and structural features of cell walls in spring barley straw. Animal Feed Science and Technol. 40: 207-221.
  45. Cherdthong, A. and Wanapat, M., 2013. Manipulation of in vitro ruminal fermentation and digestibility by dried rumen digesta. Livest Sciences. 153: 94-100.
  46. Chen, X., Wang, J., Wu, Y. and Liu, , 2008. Effects of chemical treatments of rice straw on rumen fermentation characteristics, fibrolytic enzyme activities and populations of liquid-and solid-associated ruminal microbes in vitro. Animal Feed Sciences and Technol. 141: 1-14.
  47. Dias-da-Silva, A. and Guedes, C., 1990. Variability in the nutritive value of straw cultivars of wheat, rye and triticale and response to urea treatment. Animal Feed Sciences and Technol. 28: 79-89.
  48. Ghorban Nejad, , 2009. Determining the chemical composition and nutritional value of processed wheat straw using the nylon bag Technique. Master's thesis in animal science. Islamic Azad University Shabestar Branch.
  49. Martin, S.A., Nisbet, D.J. and Dean, R., 1989. Influence of commercial yeast supplement on the in vitro ruminal fermentation. Nutrition Rep Int. 40: 395-403.
فصلنامه محیط زیست جانوری
دوره 15، شماره 4
بهمن 1402
صفحه 41-50

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار